CN108496459B - Broad bean vernalization matrix seedling cultivation method - Google Patents
Broad bean vernalization matrix seedling cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108496459B CN108496459B CN201810171278.3A CN201810171278A CN108496459B CN 108496459 B CN108496459 B CN 108496459B CN 201810171278 A CN201810171278 A CN 201810171278A CN 108496459 B CN108496459 B CN 108496459B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a broad bean substrate seedling cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: soaking and sterilizing seeds, loading and sowing, performing low-temperature treatment and storage stacking, performing low-temperature vernalization treatment, raising seedlings and planting. Compared with the original bud treatment vernalization method, the method for cultivating the vernalized seedlings by using the matrix reduces the toxicity of viscous substances to the broad beans in the treatment process, reduces the damage of the broad bean buds, improves the rate of emergence by more than 5 percent, increases the fresh weight of the seedlings by more than 10 percent, increases the dry weight of the seedlings by more than 3 percent, and greatly improves the quality of the seedlings. Compared with the original seedling treatment vernalization method, the method has simplified working procedures and solves the problems of low root activity and easy seedling death. The seedling rate is improved by more than 15 percent, and the morbidity is reduced by more than 15 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of broad bean planting, in particular to a broad bean vernalization matrix seedling cultivation method.
Background
"vernalization" refers to the phenomenon in which a plant must undergo a sustained low temperature for a period of time to grow from the vegetative to the reproductive stage. Most of the annual or biennial plants of winter nature must undergo a period of sustained low temperature at the time of germination or early vegetative growth of their seeds in order to flower and fruit.
The prior vernalization treatment technology of broad beans can be divided into bud low-temperature treatment and seedling low-temperature treatment. CN102652484B discloses a 'fresh broad bean vernalization treatment method', namely, bud low-temperature treatment, which comprises the steps of soaking seeds, putting the seeds into a plastic basket, washing the seeds with clear water, covering the seeds with double-layer gauze, accelerating germination for 3 days, transferring the seeds into a refrigerator or a cold storage room at 6-7 ℃ for vernalization for 20 days, wherein in the bud treatment process, the seeds are stacked in a humid environment for a long time, so that harmful substances are easily generated to cause the stickiness of broad beans, and the tender buds of the broad beans are easily damaged in the sowing process. CN102907236B discloses an artificial vernalization treatment method of broad bean sprouts, belonging to a mode of low-temperature treatment of the sprouts, which comprises the following specific operations: the method comprises the steps of firstly cultivating seedlings in sandy loam, moving the seedlings out of a seedbed when the seedlings reach 5-7 cm, putting the seedlings into a plastic box, covering the plastic box with a plastic film, and placing the seedlings in an artificial climate box at 0-15 ℃ for 5-35 days.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems that harmful substances are generated in the vernalization process of broad beans to cause the sticky of the broad beans, the tender buds of the broad beans are easily damaged in the sowing process, the root system activity is low, the seedlings are easy to die and the like, the invention provides a broad bean vernalization matrix seedling cultivation method for cultivating strong vernalization seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
1) seed soaking and disinfection
Selecting large-grain broad bean seeds which are free of disease spots and insect eyes, free of breakage, full in grain shape and consistent in size, soaking the seeds in clear water for 12-20 hours until the seeds are fully swelled, fully stirring and cleaning for 2-3 times during the seed soaking period to remove mucilage on the surfaces of the seeds, and taking out the seeds after soaking in disinfectant.
2) Dishing and sowing
The seedling raising substrate which is completely disinfected is uniformly sprayed with clean water and fully stirred until the clean water is squeezed by hands, water is preferably discharged from finger seams, the substrate is put into a porous seedling raising plug tray, and seeds which are soaked, expanded and disinfected are directly or are sown into the substrate of the seedling raising plug tray after germination treatment;
3) low-temperature treatment warehouse stack disc
The sowed hole tray is moved into a low-temperature warehouse, a plurality of trays are stacked into one layer, and the trays are stacked in a right-to-right manner; the three-dimensional shelves are stacked in layers, and the periphery of each layer or the whole three-dimensional shelf is covered by a film to play a role in moisturizing;
4) low temperature vernalization
Adjusting the temperature of the low-temperature warehouse to about 3 ℃, and standing for 20-25 days;
5) seedling raising
After the low-temperature treatment is finished, transferring the plug tray into a rainproof facility for seedling culture;
6) and (6) planting.
Preferably, the temperature of seed soaking with clear water in the step 1) is controlled to be 15-26 ℃; and after seed soaking, disinfecting with 1000 times of thiophanate methyl or carbendazim, and taking out the seeds after uniform soaking.
Preferably, the specific operation of directly sowing the seeds into the matrix soil of the seedling raising plug in the step 2) is as follows: using 50-hole or 30-hole seedling raising plug tray filled with wet matrix, with the seed umbilicus facing downwards, completely embedding the seed into the matrix, after sowing, covering a thin layer of matrix on the seed, and uniformly drying water on the surface by using a fine sprayer or a water drying kettle until the surface matrix is wet; and standing at the temperature of 15-26 ℃ for 24-36 hours, and then performing low-temperature vernalization treatment.
Preferably, the specific steps of sowing the seeds in the step 2) into the substrate of the seedling plug after germination treatment comprise: the method comprises the steps of placing seeds in a container paved with a moisturizing material, controlling the temperature to be 15-26 ℃, sowing the germinated seeds into a matrix one by one in each hole with the downward buds according to the sequence of germination when the buds of the seeds are 1-2 mm long, covering a thin-layer matrix on the matrix after sowing, uniformly drying water on the surface by using a fine sprayer or a water drying kettle until the surface matrix is wet, and immediately performing low-temperature vernalization treatment.
Preferably, the plug tray in the step 5) is placed on an overhead seedbed, so that ventilation and air permeation of roots and rooting are facilitated; in the early stage of seedling culture, for example, in the high-temperature stage, the shading net is used for shading treatment, and after the seedlings are adapted, the shading net is removed.
Preferably, the following components: the field planting method in the step 6) comprises the following steps: planting 4-5 leaves in time, if the temperature is high, planting in cloudy days or afternoon, watering root water in time after planting, and shading with sunshade net to promote survival in time.
The low-temperature warehouse can be a refrigeration warehouse or other equipment with lower temperature.
The "substrate" in the invention refers to a substrate commonly used for seedling raising, such as peat soil or a substrate special for seedling raising.
In a preferred embodiment provided by the invention, the broad bean vernalization matrix seedling cultivation method comprises the following steps:
1) soaking seeds and sterilizing. Selecting large-grain broad bean seeds which have no disease spots and insect eyes, no breakage, full grain shape and consistent size, wherein the germination rate of the seeds is required to be more than 95%. Soaking the seeds in clear water for 12-20 hours at the temperature of 15-26 ℃ according to the size of the seeds, and taking the full absorption of the seeds as the standard. And fully stirring and cleaning for 2-3 times during seed soaking so as to remove mucilage on the surfaces of the seeds. And after seed soaking, disinfecting with 1000 times of thiophanate methyl or carbendazim, and taking out the seeds after uniform soaking.
2) Dishing up and sowing. Completely sterilized peat soil or special seedling substrate is used, clean water is uniformly sprayed and fully stirred until the peat soil or the special seedling substrate is tightly pinched by hands, and water is preferably discharged from finger slits. Uniformly filling the matrix soil into vegetable seedling culture hole trays with 50 holes or 30 holes. And (3) soaking, absorbing and expanding the sterilized seeds, at the ambient temperature of 15-26 ℃, downwards placing the umbilicus parts of the seeds, fully embedding the seeds into matrix soil, covering a thin layer of matrix soil on the seeds after sowing, and uniformly drying water on the surfaces of the seeds by using a fine sprayer or a water drying kettle until the surface soil is wet. And (5) placing for 24-36 hours, and then transferring into a low-temperature warehouse. Or placing the seeds in a plastic frame or other containers paved with moisturizing materials, after the seeds germinate (the length of the buds is within 1-2 mm), sowing the germinated seeds into the matrix soil one by one in each hole with the buds facing downwards according to the germination sequence, covering the matrix soil with a thin layer after sowing, and uniformly drying water on the surface by using a fine sprayer or a water drying kettle until the surface soil is wet. Immediately move into the low temperature reservoir.
3) A low-temperature processing chamber stack is provided. And (3) moving the sowed plug trays into a refrigeration house or a low-temperature house, wherein five stacked trays are one layer, and the trays are stacked in a manner of facing each other. The three-dimensional shelves are stacked in layers, and the periphery of each layer or the whole three-dimensional shelf is covered by a film, so that the moisture-preserving effect is achieved.
4) And (5) performing low-temperature vernalization treatment. And adjusting the temperature of the cold storage or the low-temperature storage to about 3 ℃, and standing for 20-25 days. During the period, the temperature stability of the reservoir needs to be specially noted, and the humidity of the matrix soil needs to be observed, if the matrix soil is dry, the moisture needs to be supplemented in time.
5) And (5) seedling raising. After the low-temperature treatment is finished, the plug tray is transferred into a rainproof facility for seedling culture, and the plug tray needs to be arranged on an overhead seedbed, so that the ventilation and rooting of roots are facilitated. In the early stage of seedling culture, if in the high-temperature stage, a sunshade net needs to be used for proper shading treatment, and after seedlings are adapted, the sunshade net is removed. During this period, special attention should be paid to the water management in the tray, and it is preferable to fully wet the tray soil in the morning if the evaporation amount is large. At the same time, attention is paid to prevention of aphids.
6) And (6) planting. And (5) timely planting 4-5 leaves of the seedling. If the air temperature is high during planting, the planting is carried out on a cloudy day or in the afternoon. After the field planting, root fixing water is poured in time, and proper shading is carried out by a shading net to promote the survival in time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the broad bean vernalization matrix seedling cultivation method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
1) during the seed soaking period, three measures of fully stirring and cleaning, controlling the temperature during seed soaking and sterilizing after seed soaking are adopted, so that the problem that the skins of the broad beans are sticky due to harmful substances generated in the vernalization treatment process of the broad bean buds is solved, and the emergence rate is improved; and the matrix is used for raising seedlings, so that the seedling quality is improved.
2) The seedling culture process of the seedling vernalization is simplified, the problems of low seedling rate and serious pest and disease damage caused by root injury in the vernalization process are solved, and the strong vernalization seedlings are cultured.
3) Compared with the fresh broad bean vernalization treatment method disclosed in CN102652484B, the emergence rate is improved by more than 5%, the fresh weight of the seedlings is increased by more than 10%, the dry weight of the seedlings is increased by more than 3%, and the quality of the seedlings is greatly improved.
4) Compared with the 'broad bean sprout artificial vernalization processing method' disclosed in CN102907236B, the seedling rate is improved by more than 15%, and the incidence rate is reduced by more than 15%.
Detailed Description
Examples
The broad bean vernalization matrix seedling cultivation method provided by the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
1) soaking seeds and sterilizing. And after 8 months and 16 days, 3300 g (about one mu) of Ci silkworm No. 1 seeds which are free of disease spots and insect eyes, free of breakage, full in grain shape, consistent in size and with the germination rate of 95% are selected, placed into a plastic container, poured with clear water to immerse the seeds, and the environmental temperature is adjusted to 20-25 ℃. Fully stirring and cleaning 3 times during seed soaking, disinfecting with 1000 times of carbendazim after soaking for 16 hours, and taking out the seeds immediately after uniform soaking.
2) Dishing up and sowing. Spraying the sterilized substrate soil with clean water, and stirring thoroughly until water is discharged from finger slit when pinching with hand. Uniformly filling the matrix soil into 50-hole vegetable seedling culture hole trays. And (3) soaking, swelling and disinfecting the seeds, enabling the umbilicus parts of the seeds to face downwards at the environmental temperature of 20-25 ℃, completely burying the seeds in matrix soil, covering thin-layer matrix soil on the seeds after sowing, and drying water on the surfaces of the seeds by using a fine sprayer or a water drying kettle until the surface soil is wet. After 30 hours of standing, the cells were transferred to a low-temperature storage.
3) A low-temperature processing chamber stack is provided. And (3) moving the sowed plug trays into a refrigeration house, wherein five trays are stacked into one layer, and the trays are stacked in a manner of facing each other. And stacking the three-dimensional frames in layers, wherein the periphery of each layer or the whole three-dimensional frame is covered by a film.
4) And (5) performing low-temperature vernalization treatment. Adjusting the temperature of the cold storage to about 3 ℃, performing low-temperature vernalization treatment, and standing for 25 days. The thermometer is placed in the refrigeration house, the temperature stability of the refrigeration house is ensured by observing at any time, the humidity of the matrix soil is observed at the same time, and the surface is dried to spray water.
5) And (5) seedling raising. After the low-temperature treatment is finished, the hole trays are transferred into an idle greenhouse for seedling culture, and the hole trays are arranged on an overhead seedbed. And appropriately shading with a sunshade net, and removing the sunshade net after 4 days. Ensuring that the substrate soil of the plug is wet, and fully watering the substrate soil in the morning after the plug is dried. Meanwhile, the prevention of aphids is noticed, and acetamiprid is sprayed by mixing with 1600 times of water.
6) And (6) planting. Seedlings were established in the afternoon on day 21 of 9 months with 4 leaves. After planting, watering root fixing water, and shading by a shading net.
Claims (3)
1. A broad bean vernalization matrix seedling cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) seed soaking and disinfection
Selecting large-grain broad bean seeds which have no disease spots and insect eyes, no crack, full grain shape and consistent size, soaking the seeds in clear water at the temperature of 15-26 ℃ for 12-20 hours, fully stirring and cleaning for 2-3 times during the seed soaking period based on the full absorption of the seeds to remove mucilage on the surfaces of the seeds, after the seed soaking is finished, disinfecting the seeds by 1000 times of thiophanate methyl or carbendazim, immediately taking out the seeds after the seeds are uniformly soaked,
2) dishing and sowing
Completely sterilized peat soil or a special seedling substrate is used, clean water is uniformly sprayed and fully stirred until the peat soil or the special seedling substrate is pinched by hands, and water is preferably discharged from finger slits; uniformly filling peat soil or matrix soil into a porous seedling culture hole tray, soaking seeds, absorbing, expanding and disinfecting, at the ambient temperature of 15-26 ℃, downwards placing the umbilicus part of the seeds, completely burying the seeds into the matrix soil of the hole tray, sowing one seed in each hole, covering a thin layer of matrix soil on the seeds after sowing, uniformly drying water on the surface by using a fine sprayer or a drying kettle until the surface soil is wet, standing for 24-36 hours, and then transferring into a low-temperature warehouse; or placing the seeds in a plastic frame or other containers paved with moisturizing materials, after the seeds germinate, sowing the germinated seeds in matrix soil one by one in each hole with the buds facing downwards according to the germination sequence in time intervals, covering the matrix soil with a thin layer after the seeds are sowed, uniformly drying the surface with water by using a fine sprayer or a water drying kettle, and immediately moving the seeds into a low-temperature warehouse until the surface soil is wet;
3) low-temperature treatment warehouse stack disc
The sowed hole tray is moved into a low-temperature warehouse, a plurality of trays are stacked into one layer, and the trays are stacked in a right-to-right manner; the three-dimensional shelves are stacked in layers, and the periphery of each layer or the whole three-dimensional shelf is covered by a film to play a role in moisturizing;
4) low temperature vernalization
Adjusting the temperature of the low-temperature warehouse to 2-3 ℃, and standing for 25 days;
5) seedling raising
After the low-temperature treatment is finished, transferring the plug tray into a rainproof facility for seedling raising;
6) and (6) planting.
2. The broad bean vernalization matrix seedling cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the plug tray in the step 5) is arranged on an overhead seedbed, so that ventilation and air permeability of roots and rooting are facilitated; in the early stage of seedling culture, for example, in the high-temperature stage, the shading net is used for shading treatment, and after the seedlings are adapted, the shading net is removed.
3. The broad bean vernalization matrix seedling cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the field planting method in the step 6) comprises the following steps: and (3) timely planting 4-5 leaves of the seedling, if the air temperature is high during planting, planting in the cloudy day or in the afternoon, watering root water in time after planting, and appropriately shading by using a shading net to promote timely survival.
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Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102652484B (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2013-11-06 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Fresh broad bean vernalizing method |
| CN102907236B (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2013-10-02 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Artificial jarovizing method for broad bean sprouts |
| CN103858634B (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2015-11-25 | 上海交通大学 | A kind ofly promote the method that bears pods of broad bean precocity |
| CN104541919A (en) * | 2015-01-28 | 2015-04-29 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Broad bean bud seedling cultivation method |
| CN105746147B (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2018-09-04 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | A kind of broad bean breeding material north adds for method |
| CN106305090A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-01-11 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Single-shed vernalization early-mature high-efficiency planting method of broad beans |
| CN107114035A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-09-01 | 合肥卓畅农业科技有限公司 | A kind of high yield ecological implantation methods of broad bean |
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- 2018-03-01 CN CN201810171278.3A patent/CN108496459B/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 青蚕豆春化处理及大棚早熟高产栽培技术;卞佩佩;《上海蔬菜》;20170815;第34-35页 * |
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