CN115968766B - Breeding method of tiny population plant Cangjiang crabapple - Google Patents
Breeding method of tiny population plant Cangjiang crabapple Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention provides a breeding method of a plant, namely, a very small population of the Malus glabra, wherein the Malus glabra belongs to a wild kindred species of apples, has potential economic value, and has excellent garden landscaping and ornamental value as an important woody plant in the countryside. However, because the wild population is updated and blocked, the seedlings are difficult to find, the introduction and conservation work is limited to research institutions such as partial fruit tree resource gardens, plant gardens, universities and the like, and the important resource value and the resource potential of the wild species are not developed later. The invention effectively expounds the key technology in the plant propagation process through fruit collection, impurity removal, seed treatment, seeding breeding, seedling hardening maintenance and seedling management, and has important value for protecting and expanding the wild population of the species and developing the on-site, in-situ and near-site protecting work of the species. The method has the advantages of wide application, simple and convenient operation and lower cost, is pioneered in China, and effectively fills the technical blank.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of botanic, in particular to a breeding method of a very small population plant, namely, a cangjiang begonia.
Background
Cang Jiang Haitang%Malus ombrophila) Belongs to Rosaceae (Rosaceae), malus genusMalus) And (5) a plant. The tree is generally a tree with a height of 10 meters, and has a flowering period of 6 months and a fruiting period of 8 months. Is produced in the northwest part of Yunnan, the southwest part of Sichuan and the southeast part of Tibet. The plant is used in mountain valley side heterowood forest with the production altitude of 2000-3500 m. ModeSamples were taken from Yunnan tribute mountain.
Cangjiang begonia belongs to the wild kindred species of apples, and fruits of Cangjiang begonia can be eaten raw or can be used as fruit juice, jam and fruit wine. Cangjiang crabapple has stronger waterlogging resistance, cold resistance and disease resistance, has good compatibility with apple grafting, can dwarf the tree body, can promote the fruiting, increase the yield and improve the fruit quality, and is a potential apple stunting stock. Meanwhile, the Cangjiang crabapple is free from fruit drop due to falling leaves after autumn, the fruit is bright red, the Cangjiang crabapple is very loved, and the Cangjiang crabapple is also a good ornamental tree species for gardens. While the Cangjiang crabapple is a high-quality wild germplasm resource, the Cangjiang crabapple is not yet developed and utilized, and the research is closer to the blank. At present, cangjiang crabapple is not planted in large scale and nursery stock production at home except that a part of research institutions such as fruit tree resource nursery, plant garden, colleges and universities carry out a small amount of introduction cultivation.
Cang Jiang Haitang field contains many plants, few seedlings are in the forest, and the wild population is difficult to update. The Lijiang mountain plant garden is inoculated with 5 plants Jiang Haitang in 2004, fruits are grown from 2009, a large number of fruits can drop to the periphery every year, but before fruits are collected in 2020 and 2021 to carry out breeding work, no natural updated seedlings are seen around the grown plants. On the one hand, although the single plant of the cangjiang crabapple has larger fruiting quantity, the effective seeds in the single fruit are very few, only 1-2 grains, and even no effective seeds exist; on the other hand, the fruits are mostly eaten by birds and rodents or eaten by insects, so that the seed loss is extremely large, and the population renewal is blocked. This further highlights the importance of breeding the cangjiang crabapple by artificial breeding techniques.
Meanwhile, wild Cangjiang crabapple generally grows on the edge of a hybrid wood, adult plants are close to areas with large artificial activities such as highways, villages and the like, and are extremely susceptible to human production activities (such as felling, road repair, grazing and the like). In view of the cangjiang crabapple belonging to the wild kindred plant resource of the Chinese fruit tree, the wild population is rare, and the target species listed in 2017 in the project of 'investigation and germplasm preservation of extremely small population wild plants in southwest China'.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve or partially solve the problems existing in the related art, the application of the invention provides a breeding method of a plant, namely, cangjiang crabapple, with a very small population.
The invention provides a breeding method of a plant Begonia Variegata with a very small population, which has important significance for carrying out related works such as seed reproduction, resource conservation and the like subsequently. Meanwhile, the method has important value for the preservation and expansion of germplasm resources, the establishment of special woody and rural plant garden, the on-site and on-site species, and the development of near-field protection work.
The method comprises the following steps of
(1) Fruit collection and impurity removal: collecting mature cang Jiang Haitang fruits, immersing the fruits in distilled water for a period of time, and taking out the fruits to dry the fruits in the shade until the outer surfaces of the peels are slightly wrinkled;
(2) Seed preparation: immersing the fruits in distilled water for 12 hours, taking out the fruits to remove pulp and obtain the Cangjiang crabapple seeds;
(3) The method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing cang Jiang Haitang seeds with granular sand, placing the mixture in a gauze bag, soaking the seeds in carbendazim solution, then leaching the seeds with distilled water, controlling the water until no water drops out, using a breathable container outside the gauze bag, embedding fine river sand, sprinkling water, keeping moisture, and storing the sand in an environment of 5 ℃ for 30-40 days.
(4) Sowing: humus soil and river sand are adopted according to the volume ratio of 3:1 uniformly mixing, loading the mixture into a seed germination basket for later use, uniformly paving the seeds and matrixes after sand storage in the seed germination basket, covering the surfaces with humus soil, spraying water until the surface matrixes are fully attached to the seeds and matrixes after sand storage, placing the seeds and matrixes in an environment with the air temperature of 18+/-2 ℃, covering a light-transmitting plastic film, keeping the surface and upper matrixes moist, germinating the seeds until two true leaves grow out of seedlings, and transplanting the seedlings until the root system depth is 4-6 cm.
(5) Hardening and curing seedlings: after two true leaves of the seedlings grow out, transplanting the seedlings into a nutrition pot, wherein humus soil is arranged at the bottom of the nutrition pot, filling the nutrition pot with the humus soil, selecting a smooth seedling bed or a nursery land, half burying the nutrition pot with a burying depth of not less than 6cm, arranging a shading net with a shading rate of 50% in an overhead manner, and hardening the seedlings in a temperature range of 8-25 ℃. Meanwhile, the water spraying and moisture preservation are carried out on the layout area, and the water content of the soil volume in the planting depth area is kept to be not lower than 50%.
(6) And (5) seedling curing: when the seedlings grow to more than 20cm or the root system at the bottom of the nutrition pot extends out, changing the pot, removing the bag of the seedlings (with soil balls), directly transplanting the seedlings to the nutrition bag filled with humus soil and river sand, placing the nutrition bag in an outdoor nursery for maintenance, keeping the outdoor temperature at not higher than 30 ℃, spraying water for moisture, and overhead laying a shading net with the shading rate of 30% on the upper part, wherein the height of the shading net from the ground is 200cm, and enabling the seedlings to grow to more than 50cm for seedling formation.
Further, the specific operation of step (1) is as follows: collecting ripe fruits of red or reddish brown Jiang Haitang, removing fruit stalks, placing in a plastic basket or gauze bag, completely immersing the fruits in distilled water for 12 hr, taking out, drying in the shade until the fruit parts are dehydrated, and micro-wrinkling the outer surface of the pericarp.
Further, the specific operation of the step (2) is as follows: soaking the fruits in distilled water for 72 hr, taking out, kneading, washing, removing pulp, and obtaining seed of Cang Jiang Haitang; and then, carrying out seed liquid selection by using distilled water, and removing worm-eaten, mildewed and shrunken seeds on the surface of the liquid to obtain full seeds of the cangjiang crabapple.
Further, the specific operation of the step (3) is as follows: the full seeds of the cangjiang crabapple are prepared according to the weight ratio of 1:10 proportion, evenly mixing the granular sand with the same diameter of 2-3mm, placing the mixture in a 1mm aperture gauze bag, soaking the seeds for 12 hours by 1000 times of carbendazim solution, then leaching the seeds for 5-15 times by distilled water, controlling water until no water drops out, using a breathable container on the outer side of the gauze bag, embedding the gauze bag by fine river sand, moisturizing the gauze bag by water, and placing the gauze bag in a refrigerator or an incubator (5 ℃) at 5 ℃ for 30 days.
Further, the specific operation of step (4) is as follows: sieving humus soil with 8 meshes, and mixing with river sand according to a volume ratio of 3:1, uniformly mixing; the seeds are placed in a seed germination basket with the thickness of 10cm, the length, the width and the height of 35cm, 25cm and 15cm for standby. Uniformly paving the seeds and the matrix after sand storage in a seed germination basket with the thickness of 5 mm. Covering the surface with humus soil of 20 meshes for 5mm, spraying water until the surface matrix is fully attached to the seeds after sand storage, placing the seeds in an air temperature 18+/-2 ℃, covering a light-transmitting plastic film, keeping the surface and the upper matrix moist, and germinating the seeds. And (3) transplanting after two true leaves grow on the seedling and the root depth is about 5 cm.
Further, the specific operation of step (5) is as follows: after two true leaves grow out of the seedling, transplanting the seedling into an 8cm multiplied by 8cm nutrition pot. The bottom of the nutrition pot is 5cm coarse grain (particle size is more than or equal to 10mm and more than or equal to 5 mm) humus soil, and then the humus soil is filled by 8-mesh sieve. Selecting a smooth seedbed or a nursery land, and half-burying the nutrition pot with a burying depth of 6cm. And (3) overhead laying a shading net with the shading rate of 50%, keeping the height of the shading net from the ground by 50cm, and hardening seedlings in the region with the temperature of 8-25 ℃. Meanwhile, the water spraying and moisture preservation are carried out on the layout area, and the water content of the soil volume in the planting depth area is kept to be not lower than 50%.
Further, the specific operation of step (6) is as follows: and (5) changing the pot when the seedlings grow to 20cm or the root system of the bottom of the nutrition pot extends out. Adopting a 30cm multiplied by 30cm nutrition bag, filling humus soil and river sand which are sieved by a 2-mesh sieve in the nutrition bag, and mixing according to the volume ratio of 4:1, mixing, removing the bags of the seedlings (with soil balls), directly transplanting the seedlings into a large nutrition bag, and placing the large nutrition bag in an outdoor nursery for maintenance, wherein the outdoor temperature is not higher than 30 ℃ during the maintenance period, and meanwhile, the seedlings are soaked in water for moisturizing. The upper part is overhead laid with a shading net with shading rate of 30 percent, the height of the shading net is 200cm away from the ground, and seedlings grow to more than 50cm to form seedlings.
Further, the breathable container can be selected from plastic lunch boxes with length, width and height of 25cm, 15cm and 10cm, 10-15 holes are formed on the top surface, the bottom surface and the side surfaces of each plastic lunch box, the aperture is 5mm, and the plastic lunch box can be used for moisturizing and simultaneously achieving breathability.
Furthermore, the germination basket can be made of aluminum wires and is covered with a light-transmitting plastic film outside the arch, the height of the arch is 20cm, and enough growth space is ensured after seedlings germinate.
Furthermore, the shading net fully covers the seedling hardening area, namely the top surface and the peripheral side surface are required to be shaded.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention as claimed.
Cang Jiang Haitang was listed in 2017 as the target species for the "very small population wild plant survey and germplasm preservation in southwest China" project. Under natural conditions, although the individual seed setting rate is high, the seedling stock is extremely low and population renewal is hindered. The invention well solves the key technical problems of the breeding of the plants of the small population of the begonia through controlling a series of processes of fruit harvesting, fruit processing, seed processing, germination key conditions, seedling hardening conditions, seedling forming management conditions and the like, and has important significance for developing the related works of seed breeding, resource conservation and the like. And has important value for protecting and expanding the wild population of the species and developing the on-site, on-site and on-site protecting work of the species.
The prior research on Cangjiang crabapple can be used as a potential apple stunt dwarfing stock in gardening and has no relevant report on planting and cultivation besides fruit-processed products. The plant can be used as a high-quality wild germplasm resource and also as a regional important homeland woody plant, and can be used for preserving resource gardens and landscaping in gardens. The method has the advantages of wide application, simple and convenient operation and lower cost, is pioneered in China, and effectively fills the technical blank.
Detailed Description
Alternative embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below. While alternative embodiments of the present application have been described, it should be understood that the present application may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The terminology used in the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present application. As used in this application and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any or all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
For clarity, the following examples are provided in detail.
Examples
A method for breeding a very small population of plants, namely, cangjiang crabapple, comprising the following steps:
(1) Fruit collection and impurity removal: in 2020, 2021, mature fruits of Cang Jiang Haitang were collected in Yulong county large sheep farm, lijiang, yunnan, and Gao mountain vegetable garden, lijiang, yunnan, and removal of stalks. Soaking the fruits in a plastic barrel filled with distilled water for 12 hours, taking out, and drying in the environment with the ambient temperature of 18 ℃ and the air humidity of 40% until the outer surfaces of the fruits are slightly wrinkled.
(2) Seed preparation: soaking the dried fruits in distilled water for 72 hours, taking out, kneading, washing, cleaning pulp and obtaining the Cangjiang begonia seeds. The liquid selection method is adopted, and the seeds floating on the upper part of the liquid level and damaged by worms, mildewed and shrunken are taken out. And taking out the filled seeds, and removing surface water by using water absorbing paper for standby.
(3) Low Wen Shacang: the full seeds of the cangjiang crabapple are prepared according to the weight ratio of 1:10 proportion, evenly mixing the granular sand with the diameter of 2-3mm, and placing the mixture in a 1mm aperture gauze bag. Soaking seeds in 1000 times carbendazim solution for 12 hours, then leaching with distilled water for 5-8 times, and controlling water until no water drops out. Placing gauze bag in plastic lunch box with length x width x height=25cm×15cm×10cm, filling periphery of gauze bag with river sand, punching holes with diameter of 5mm and 12 holes on top, bottom and side, continuously spraying water until water exudes, and storing in refrigerator at 5deg.C for 30 days.
(4) Sowing: sieving humus soil with 8 meshes, and mixing with river sand according to a volume ratio of 3:1, uniformly mixing; the substrate mixed with seeds after sand storage is taken out and evenly laid in a seed germination basket with the thickness of 5mm according to the thickness of 10cm and the length, width and height of 35cm, 25cm and 15 cm. Covering the surface with humus soil of 20 meshes for 5mm, spraying water until the surface matrix is fully attached to the seeds after sand storage, placing the seeds in an air temperature 18+/-2 ℃, covering a light-transmitting plastic film, keeping the surface and the upper matrix moist, and germinating the seeds.
(5) Hardening and curing seedlings: after the seeds germinate for 15-20 days, observing the growth of true leaves of the seedlings, and transplanting the seedlings into an 8cm multiplied by 8cm nutrition pot after two true leaves of the seedlings grow. The bottom of the nutrition pot is 5cm coarse grain (particle size is more than or equal to 10mm and more than or equal to 5 mm) humus soil, and then the humus soil is filled by 8-mesh sieve. Selecting a ground seedbed, paving 5cm humus soil after leveling, placing the nutrition pot in order, and burying gaps and sides of the nutrition pot with the humus soil by 6cm. Erecting shading nets with 50% shading rate at the top and the side of the seedbed, wherein the height of the top of each shading net is 50cm from the ground, and controlling the temperature of the environment to be 8-25 ℃ for seedling hardening. Meanwhile, the water spraying and moisture preservation are carried out on the layout area, and the water content of the soil volume in the planting depth area is kept to be not lower than 50%.
(6) And (5) seedling curing: observing the growth condition of the root system of the seedling, and changing the pot when the root system extends out from the bottom of the nutrition pot. Adopting a 30cm multiplied by 30cm nutrition bag, filling humus soil and river sand which are sieved by a 2-mesh sieve in the nutrition bag, and mixing according to the volume ratio of 4:1, mixing, removing the bags of the seedlings (with soil balls), directly transplanting the seedlings into the large nutrition bags, and placing the large nutrition bags in an outdoor nursery for maintenance. Erecting a shading net with the shading rate of 30 percent, wherein the height of the shading net from the ground is 200cm, and the seedlings are grown.
According to the breeding method of the plant Begonia Vaginalis with the extremely small population provided in the embodiment 1, the seeds are obtained by directly soaking fresh fruits, and the specific process is as follows: collecting mature Cang Jiang Haitang fruits, soaking the fruits in distilled water for 72 hr, taking out, kneading, washing, and cleaning pulp to obtain Cangjiang begonia seeds. The liquid selection method is adopted, and the seeds floating on the upper part of the liquid level and damaged by worms, mildewed and shrunken are taken out. And taking out the filled seeds, and removing surface water by using water absorbing paper for standby. The test was then carried out as in example 1, steps (3) to (6).
According to the breeding method of the plant Begonia Cangjiang with the extremely small population provided in the embodiment 1, the seeds are not subjected to surface disinfection, and the specific process is as follows: after carrying out steps (1) and (2) according to example 1, the filled seeds of the cangjiang crabapple are prepared according to the following formula 1:10 proportion, evenly mixing the granular sand with the diameter of 2-3mm, and placing the mixture in a 1mm aperture gauze bag. Placing gauze bag in plastic lunch box with length x width x height=25cm×15cm×10cm, filling periphery of gauze bag with river sand, punching holes with diameter of 5mm and 12 holes on top, bottom and side, continuously spraying water until water exudes, and storing in refrigerator at 5deg.C for 30 days. The test was then carried out as in example 1, steps (4) to (6).
According to the breeding method of the plant Begonia Cangjiang with the extremely small population provided in the embodiment 1, sand storage is not carried out on seeds, and the seeds are directly sown, wherein the specific process is as follows: after carrying out steps (1) and (2) according to example 1, the filled seeds of the cangjiang crabapple are prepared according to the following formula 1:10 proportion, evenly mixing the granular sand with the diameter of 2-3mm, and placing the mixture in a 1mm aperture gauze bag. Soaking seeds in 1000 times carbendazim solution for 12 hours, then leaching with distilled water for 5-8 times, and controlling water until no water drops out. Sieving humus soil with 8 meshes, and mixing with river sand according to a volume ratio of 3:1, uniformly mixing; the substrate mixed with the seeds is placed in a seed germination basket with the length multiplied by the width multiplied by the height multiplied by 35cm multiplied by 25cm multiplied by 15cm according to the thickness of 10cm, and uniformly laid in the seed germination basket with the thickness of 5 mm. Covering the surface with humus soil of 20 meshes for 5mm, spraying water until the surface matrix is fully attached to the seeds after sand storage, placing the seeds in an air temperature 18+/-2 ℃, covering a light-transmitting plastic film, keeping the surface and the upper matrix moist, and germinating the seeds. The test was then carried out as in steps (5) to (6) of example 1.
According to the breeding method of the plant Begonia Cangjiang with the extremely small population provided in the embodiment 1, the plant Begonia Cangjiang is directly sown on the ground Miao Chuangshang, and the specific process is as follows: after carrying out steps (1) and (2) according to example 1, the filled seeds of the cangjiang crabapple are prepared according to the following formula 1:10 proportion, uniformly mixing the granular sand with the same diameter of 2-3mm, sowing on the ground Miao Chuangshang, covering 1cm thick, sieving humus soil with 8 meshes, sprinkling water, covering film and preserving moisture, and keeping the water content of the soil volume of the sowing layer of the bed surface to be not less than 60%. After the true leaves of the seeds germinate and grow out, erecting a shading net with the shading rate of 50% on the top and the side surface of the seedbed, wherein the height of the top of the shading net is 50cm from the ground, and controlling the environment temperature to be 8-25 ℃ for seedling hardening. Meanwhile, the water spraying and moisture preservation are carried out on the layout area, and the water content of the soil volume in the planting depth area is kept to be not lower than 50%. After the seedlings grow over 20cm, erecting a shading net with the shading rate of 30 percent, wherein the height of the shading net from the ground is 200cm, and the seedlings are grown.
According to the breeding method of the plant Begonia Cangjiang with the extremely small population provided in the embodiment 1, shading is canceled in the seedling maintenance stage, and the specific process is as follows: after the steps (1) to (5) are implemented according to the embodiment 1, observing the growth condition of the root system of the seedling, and changing the pot when the root system extends out from the bottom of the nutrition pot. Adopting a 30cm multiplied by 30cm nutrition bag, filling humus soil and river sand which are sieved by a 2-mesh sieve in the nutrition bag, and mixing according to the volume ratio of 4:1, mixing, removing the bags of the seedlings (with soil balls), directly transplanting the seedlings into the large nutrition bags, and placing the large nutrition bags in an outdoor nursery for maintenance. And (5) supplementing water in time without shading treatment until seedlings are grown.
According to the breeding method of the plant Begonia Cangjiang with the extremely small population provided in the embodiment 1, the seedling maintenance stage is directly transplanted to the ground, and the specific process is as follows: after the steps (1) to (5) of the embodiment 1 are implemented, observing the growth condition of the root system of the seedling, and when the root system extends out of the bottom of the nutrition pot, directly planting the soil ball seedling in a nursery, erecting a shading net with the shading rate of 30%, and setting the height of the shading net to be 200cm from the ground to form the seedling.
According to the breeding method of the plant Begonia Vaginalis with the extremely small population provided in the embodiment 1, the cultivation substrate is adjusted in the seedling maintenance stage, and the specific process is as follows: after the steps (1) to (5) are implemented according to the embodiment 1, the growth condition of the root system of the seedling is observed, and when the root system extends out from the bottom of the nutrition pot, the pot is replaced. The method comprises the steps of adopting a 30cm multiplied by 30cm nutrition bag, filling humus soil with a 2-mesh sieve in the nutrition bag, removing the bag of seedlings (with soil balls), directly transplanting the seedlings into a large nutrition bag, and placing the large nutrition bag in an outdoor nursery for maintenance. Erecting a shading net with the shading rate of 30 percent, wherein the height of the shading net from the ground is 200cm, and the seedlings are grown.
TABLE 1 influence of different treatments on the effective seed acquisition of Chaenomeles speciosa
| Number of fruits (number) | Seed quantity (grain) | Effective seed quantity (grain) | Damaged seeds (granules) | Worm-eaten and mildew seeds (grains) | Number of seeds (grains) of single fruit | Seed loss Rate (%) | Seed effective rate (%) | |
| Example 1 | 860 | 1402 | 1105 | 88 | 209 | 1.28 | 7.96 | 78.82 |
| Comparative example 1 | 650 | 1026 | 684 | 178 | 164 | 1.05 | 17.35 | 66.67 |
TABLE 2 influence of different seed treatments on the germination rate of Jiang Haitang
| Seeding quantity (grain) | Germination quantity (plant) | Germination rate (%) | Germination period (Tian) | Rate of mildew of seed coats (%) | Seedling yield (%) | |
| Example 1 | 400 | 278 | 69.50 | 8.9 | 10.30 | 62.34 |
| Comparative example 2 | 400 | 282 | 70.50 | 8.7 | 44.55 | 39.09 |
| Comparative example 3 | 400 | 125 | 31.25 | 14.5 | 8.52 | 28.59 |
| Comparative example 4 | 400 | 83 | 20.75 | 23.2 | 9.33 | 18.81 |
TABLE 3 influence of different seedling hardening and cultivation modes on the seedlings of Cang Jiang Haitang
| Germination quantity (plant) | Cotyledon seedling number (plant) | Number of true leaf seedlings (plant) | Number of seedlings (within 20 cm) (plant) | Number of seedlings (within 50 cm) plant | Yield (%) | |
| Example 1 | 200 | 198 | 186 | 179 | 170 | 85.00 |
| Comparative example 5 | 100 | 94 | 87 | 82 | 46 | 46.00 |
| Comparative example 6 | 100 | 95 | 90 | 81 | 71 | 71.00 |
| Comparative example 7 | 100 | 94 | 91 | 84 | 66 | 66.00 |
As can be seen from Table 1, as the fruits of the genus Jiang Haitang are pear fruits, the fruits are more in pulp, and the fruits are directly soaked and rubbed without drying, part of seeds are difficult to separate from the pulp, and the cleaning process may cause damage to part of seeds, so that the seed loss rate is higher, and the effective rate is reduced. Because the number of the single-fruit effective seeds is small, the fruit treatment and seed preparation processes need repeated soaking and washing, and the damage to the seeds is reduced as much as possible.
As can be seen from Table 2, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, surface disinfection of the Chaenomeles speciosa seeds was necessary, and the mildewing of the seed coat was effectively reduced. Although the two were not different in germination rate, in comparative example 2, the seed coat could be largely mildewed after germination of the seed because the seed was not surface sterilized, and the seedling was infected, resulting in a great decrease in seedling rate. In comparative example 1 and comparative example 3, the low-temperature sand accumulation of the Chaenomeles speciosa seeds is an important technical step for promoting germination of the seeds, and the germination rate of the seeds which are not subjected to the low-temperature sand accumulation is greatly reduced. In comparative example 1, comparative example 3 and comparative example 4, although the direct seeding reduces the technical links and production costs of seeding, hardening off, etc., the germination rate is reduced because the ground seedbed is inferior to the pot seedlings in terms of the fine degree of technical management and the controllability of environmental conditions. In addition, as the Cangjiang begonia seeds are edible and can be directly sown without sand storage for a longer germination period, once insects, birds or rodents eat the seeds, the seeds are greatly lost, and the later seedling is greatly influenced.
As can be seen from Table 3, in comparative examples 1 and 5, the main stems of the seedlings were not lignified yet during the seedling and seedling maintenance, especially, the seedlings were grown less than 20cm, and proper shading was critical to the growth, so that strong light irradiation was reduced, and the seedlings wilting and death caused by high temperature on the surface of the substrate were reduced. In comparative example 1 and comparative example 6, the seedling is transplanted directly in the seedling curing period, and the seedling root system development is not complete, so that the seedling rate is reduced in the direct seedling curing period compared with the nutrition bag curing, and the cultivation implementation cost is comprehensively considered in practical production and application to reasonably select. In comparative example 1 and comparative example 7, in order to promote the growth of seedling root system during seedling maintenance, a proper amount of river sand is added into the matrix, so that the air permeability of the matrix can be effectively improved, and the death of the seedling caused by poor growth of the root system can be prevented.
In conclusion, the breeding method of the plant Cangjiang crabapple with the extremely small population provided by the invention promotes the improvement of the effective seed rate, germination rate and seedling rate in the processes of seed production, germination and cultivation. Wherein, the steps (3) to (5) are particularly critical to the effective cultivation and breeding process of the cangjiang begonia. Therefore, the invention well solves the key technical problems of the breeding of the plant of the very small population, namely the malus glabra by controlling a series of processes of fruit harvesting, fruit processing, seed processing, germination key conditions, seedling hardening conditions, seedling forming management conditions and the like, and has important significance for developing the related works of seed breeding, resource conservation and the like. And has important value for protecting and expanding the wild population of the species and developing the on-site, on-site and on-site protecting work of the species. The method has the advantages of wide application, simple and convenient operation and lower cost, is pioneered in China, and effectively fills the technical blank.
The foregoing description of the embodiments of the present application is illustrative, not exhaustive, and not limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the various embodiments described. The terminology used herein was chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or the improvement of technology in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims (3)
1. A method for breeding a very small population of plants, namely, the cangjiang crabapple, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Fruit collection and impurity removal: collecting the ripe fruits of red or reddish brown Jiang Haitang, removing fruit stalks, placing in a plastic basket or gauze bag, completely immersing the fruits in distilled water for 12 hours, taking out, drying in the shade until the fruit parts are dehydrated, and micro-wrinkling the outer surfaces of the fruit peels;
(2) Seed preparation: soaking the fruits in distilled water for 72 hr, taking out, kneading, washing, removing pulp, and obtaining seed of Cang Jiang Haitang; then distilled water is used for seed liquid selection, and worm-eaten, mildewed and shrunken seeds on the surface of the liquid are removed, so that the full seeds of the cangjiang crabapple are obtained;
(3) The full seeds of the cangjiang crabapple are prepared according to the weight ratio of 1:10 proportion, uniformly mixing the granular sand with the same diameter of 2-3mm, placing the mixture in a 1mm aperture gauze bag, soaking the seeds for 12 hours by 1000 times of carbendazim solution, then leaching the seeds for 5-15 times by distilled water, controlling the water until no water drops out, using a breathable container on the outer side of the gauze bag, embedding the gauze bag by fine river sand, moisturizing the gauze bag by water, and storing the gauze bag in sand in an environment of 5 ℃ for 30-40 days; the breathable container can be a plastic lunch box with the length, the width and the height of 25cm multiplied by 15cm multiplied by 10cm, 10-15 holes are punched on the top surface, the bottom surface and the side surface of the plastic lunch box, the aperture is 5mm, and the moisture retention and the ventilation are simultaneously satisfied;
(4) Sowing: sieving humus soil with 8 meshes, and mixing with river sand according to a volume ratio of 3:1, uniformly mixing; placing the seeds and the matrixes after sand storage in a seed germination basket for standby according to the thickness of 10cm, wherein the length, the width and the height are 35cm multiplied by 25cm multiplied by 15cm, uniformly paving the seeds and the matrixes after sand storage in the seed germination basket according to the thickness of 5mm, covering the surfaces with humus soil with 20 meshes, fully attaching the seeds and the matrixes after sand storage to the surface matrixes after water spraying, placing the seeds and the matrixes in an environment with the air temperature of 18+/-2 ℃, covering a light-transmitting plastic film, keeping the surface and the upper matrixes moist, germinating the seeds until the seedlings grow two true leaves, and transplanting the seedlings until the root system depth is 4-6 cm5 cm;
(5) Hardening and curing seedlings: after two true leaves of the seedlings grow out, transplanting the seedlings into an 8cm multiplied by 8cm nutrition pot, paving 5cm coarse grain humus soil at the bottom of the nutrition pot, wherein the grain diameter of coarse grains is less than or equal to 10mm and more than or equal to 5mm, then screening humus soil with 8 meshes to fill up the coarse grain humus soil, selecting a smooth seedbed or a nursery land, semi-burying the nutrition pot with a burying depth of 6cm, overhead laying a shading net with a shading rate of 50%, keeping the shading net at a height of 50cm from the ground, hardening seedlings in a region with a temperature of 8-25 ℃, and meanwhile, carrying out water spraying and moisture preservation on the laying region, and keeping the soil volume moisture content in the planting depth region not less than 50%;
(6) And (5) seedling curing: when seedlings grow to 20cm or the root system at the bottom of the nutrition pot extends out, changing the pot, adopting a nutrition bag with the volume of 30cm multiplied by 30cm, filling humus soil and river sand with 2 meshes, and mixing according to the volume ratio of 4:1, mixing, removing bags from the seedlings with soil balls, directly transplanting the seedlings into a large nutrition bag, placing the seedlings into an outdoor nursery for maintenance, keeping the outdoor temperature at not higher than 30 ℃, spraying water for moisturizing, and overhead laying a shading net with the shading rate of 30% on the upper part, wherein the height of the shading net from the ground is 200cm until the seedlings grow to more than 50cm, and forming seedlings.
2. The method for breeding the plant begonia of the tiny population as claimed in claim 1, wherein the germination basket can adopt an aluminum wire to self-control an arch frame, and a light-transmitting plastic film is covered outside the arch frame, the height of the arch frame is 20cm, so that enough growth space is ensured after the seedlings germinate.
3. The method for breeding very small plant population such as begonia, as set forth in claim 1, wherein said shading net is used to cover the seedling hardening area in its entirety, i.e. the top surface and peripheral side surface are both shaded.
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