CN110089336B

CN110089336B - Tending method for endangered mangrove plant sonneratia pseudosea seedling

Info

Publication number: CN110089336B
Application number: CN201910466501.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨勇; 钟才荣; 张颖; 刘强
Original assignee: Hainan Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve Administration; Hainan Normal University
Current assignee: Hainan Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve Administration; Hainan Normal University
Priority date: 2019-05-31
Filing date: 2019-05-31
Publication date: 2021-10-26
Anticipated expiration: 2039-05-31
Also published as: CN110089336A

Abstract

The invention relates to a tending method for mulberry seedling of endangered mangrove, which comprises the following steps: (1) soaking the seeds in 100-200 mg/L gibberellin solution for 1.5-2 hours; (2) placing the soaked seeds into a seedling raising block; putting the seedling growing blocks into a greenhouse at the temperature of 25-30 ℃, and supplementing illumination (the intensity is 6000-10000 lux); and spraying a bactericide; (3) selecting 3-4 true-leaf seedlings, transplanting the true-leaf seedlings together with seedling growing blocks into seedling growing bags containing nutrient soil (sphagnum, sea mud and sea sand), and placing the seedling growing bags on a hard cement ground; pouring diluted seawater salt every day, and shading; (4) sterilization, disinsection and topdressing; (5) after the diameter of the seedling is lignified, removing the sunshade net, and watering diluted seawater every day; (6) the sonneratia pseudosea seedlings grow to be more than 40cm and then are transplanted to the field for planting. The invention reasonably prepares nutrient soil, reasonably regulates and controls seed treatment, germination, transplanting operation parameters and the like, and provides the method for tending the sonneratia pseudosea mulberry seedlings, wherein the germination rate of the seeds reaches 82-95%, and the seedling rate reaches 73-94%.

Description

Tending method for endangered mangrove plant sonneratia pseudosea seedling

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of crop seedling culture, in particular to a tending method for a quasi-sonneratia seedling of an endangered mangrove plant.

Background

The endangered mangrove (Sonneratia paracaseolaris) is an evergreen arbor of Sonneratia (Sonneratia) of Sonneratia in Sonneratiaceae, is only distributed in Hainan and Australia in China in the world, has the plant height of 20m, is the biggest mangrove in China, has developed root system, bamboo shoot-shaped respiratory roots and luxuriant branches, and has obvious effects on water and soil conservation, wind prevention and wave dissipation, bank fixation, farmland and village protection and silt promotion and land making. Is mainly distributed on silt or sandy beach of a bay estuary with fresh water input, has stronger flooding resistance and is a hybrid of the sonneratia and the sonneratia cupana. Under the dual influence of human activities and global climate change, mangrove ecosystem faces a serious challenge, and the problem of loss of biodiversity is particularly prominent. At present, more than 18 mangrove plants in an endangered state in China exist, the mulberryleaf is in an extremely endangered state, the distribution range is very narrow, the mulbereaf is naturally distributed in a mangrove forest protection area limited to eight gulf of Wenchang, all the mulbereaf in the Joghai is dead, a small number of artificially introduced plants are planted in a nursery garden in a Hongkong protection area in Hainan, and recent investigation shows that the mulbereaf is only about 160, and no naturally newer seedlings are found through years of investigation. The species is now in an extremely endangered state (CR) according to the IUCN assessment scale. If not protected, the sonneratia davidii will be at risk of extinction. Therefore, it is urgently needed to develop an efficient method for nurturing the sonneratia pseudoneratia seedlings to relieve the endangered state of the sonneratia pseudoneratia.

The existing mangrove seedling raising method mainly aims at common mangrove species, and the existing mangrove seedling raising technology cannot be suitable for seedling raising of the quasi-sonneratia due to the difficulty in tending the quasi-sonneratia mangrove in endangerment.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the above situation, the invention provides a tending method for the quasi-sonneratia seedling of the endangered mangrove plant.

The technical scheme of the invention is realized by the following measures:

an endangered mangrove plant sonneratia pseudosea seedling tending method comprises the following steps:

(1) seed treatment: collecting mature fruits in 9-10 months, removing pulp, taking out seeds in the fruits, and soaking in a gibberellin solution with the concentration of 100-200 mg/L for 1.5-2 hours; wherein the temperature of the gibberellin solution is 22-30 ℃;

the germination rate of the seeds is improved by soaking the gibberellin, the concentration of the gibberellin is lower than 100mg/L, the germination rate of the seeds is not obviously improved and is higher than 200mg/L, and the germination rate of the seeds is inhibited.

(2) Putting the soaked seeds into a seedling raising block made of sphagnum moss, wherein the buried depth is not more than 0.5 cm; diluting seawater every day to keep the nursery blocks moist; placing the seedling growing blocks in a greenhouse at the temperature of 25-30 ℃, and supplementing illumination, wherein the illumination intensity is 6000-10000 lux; and spraying a bactericide;

keeping moist is favorable to sprouting, and the seed buries too deeply and is unfavorable for the bud to stretch out fast and carry out photosynthesis.

Because the environmental adaptability of the seedlings which just germinate is not strong, the seedlings are nursed in a greenhouse, the influence of adverse environment can be reduced, and the survival rate of the seedlings is improved. Spraying the fungicide can reduce the probability of seedling death due to fungal infection.

In the prior art, seawater is adopted for dilution, but the concentrations in different areas are not completely the same, so that the salt concentration is not convenient to accurately control, and the sonneratia pseudoacacia seedling is sensitive to the salt concentration, and the salinity can be accurately controlled by using solarized seawater, so that the death of the seedling due to excessive water loss caused by overhigh salinity is avoided. The transportation of the solarized sea salt is more convenient than the transportation of seawater, and the transportation cost is saved.

(3) Selecting 3-4 true-leaf seedlings, transplanting the seedlings together with seedling growing blocks into seedling growing bags containing nutrient soil, and culturing outdoors, wherein the seedling growing bags are placed on a hard cement ground; pouring 50-60 ml of diluted seawater water into each seedling raising bag every day, and shading by using a shading net with the density of 3-4 needles; the nutrient soil is prepared from sphagnum, sea mud and sea sand in a volume ratio of 1 (1-2) to 1-2; the effect is best when the volume is equal to the volume.

The nutrient soil is specially prepared aiming at the characteristics of the mulberries, not only can ensure sufficient nutrition, but also can ensure the roots of the mulberries to perform respiration, and prevent the mulberries in the seedling period from rotting and dying due to the weak and oxygen-deficient roots of the mulberries, and the traditional soil matrix adopts sea mud or red soil, so that the air permeability is poor, and the seedlings die due to the oxygen-deficient roots of the mulberries.

The seedling raising bag is placed on the hard cement ground, so that redundant seawater can be drained conveniently, and the problem that salinity of nutrient soil is increased due to accumulation of seawater and the salinity is increased to be unfavorable for normal growth of the sonneratia paracasei seedlings is avoided. The seedling raising bag is placed on the hard cement ground to drain water easily, and roots are prevented from being soaked for a long time and rotten.

And (3) watering diluted seawater to ensure that the seedlings obtain sufficient moisture, and shading by adopting a 3-4-needle shading net to ensure that the sonneratia paracasei is prevented from dying due to too fast transpiration. The seedlings are transplanted together with the seedling raising blocks, so that the damage to roots in the transplanting process is avoided, and the death rate can be effectively reduced.

(4) Sterilization, disinsection and topdressing: the mixed solution of the bactericide, the insecticide and the fertilizer is regularly sprayed on the seedlings, so that the labor amount is reduced, and the labor efficiency is improved.

(5) Removing the sunshade net after the radial part of the sonneratia pseudosea mulberry seedling is lignified, and watering 80-100 ml of diluted seawater every day for each seedling bag;

after the stem is lignified, the transportation capacity of the stem is enhanced, and the sun-shading net is removed, so that the sonneratia pseudosea can obtain more sunlight, and the growth speed and the lignification degree of the sonneratia pseudosea are accelerated. After the sun-shading net is removed, the steam-rising speed of the sonneratia pseudosea is accelerated, and the amount of the seawater is increased to ensure that the sonneratia pseudosea obtains sufficient water. The traditional seedling tending technology uses a sunshade net in the whole seedling period, and the sunshade net is removed after the seedlings are lignified, so that the photosynthesis of the seedlings can be enhanced, and the growth of the seedlings is accelerated.

(6) After the sonneratia pseudohainanensis seedlings grow to be more than 40cm, the sonneratia pseudohainanensis seedlings are transplanted to the field for planting.

After the sonneratia pseudohainanensis seedlings grow to be more than 40cm, the sonneratia pseudohainanensis seedlings can adapt to the severe outdoor environment, and the adaptability of the outdoor environment is improved.

Preferably, the diluted sea salt water is prepared from sun-dried sea salt and water, and the mass concentration of the diluted sea salt water is 0.5-1%. The concentration is the optimal concentration for the germination of the mulberries pseudoacacia and the growth of seedlings.

Preferably, the seedling raising bag is made of plastic materials, the diameter of the seedling raising bag is 12cm, and 3-4 holes with the diameter of 1cm are formed in the bottom of the seedling raising bag.

Preferably, the nursery blocks are cylindrical, are wrapped with polymeric fibers and have a diameter of 30mm, and are sterilized with high-pressure steam before use.

Preferably, the fungicide: carbendazim is used as a solute, and diluted sea salt water is used as a solvent to prepare a solution with the mass concentration of 0.5 g/L.

Preferably, the mixed solution of the bactericide, the insecticide and the fertilizer: preparing a solution with the mass concentration of 4g/L by using carbendazim, dichlorvos and macroelement water-soluble fertilizer as solutes and diluted seawater as a solvent; wherein the mass ratio of the carbendazim to the dichlorvos to the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is 1:1: 2.

The invention also discovers that the seed germination rate and the seedling rate can be further improved and the application frequency of the bactericide can be reduced by improving the seed soaking method and controlling the illumination in different germination periods. The specific method comprises the following steps:

in the step (1), the soaking method comprises the following steps: firstly, soaking seeds in a gibberellin solution with the concentration of 100mg/L for 1.5 hours, wherein the temperature of the solution is 28-30 ℃; draining off water, and soaking in 200mg/L gibberellin solution for 0.5 hour, wherein the temperature of the solution is 22-25 ℃; in the step (2), the method for supplementing illumination comprises the following steps: and (3) placing the seedling raising block in a greenhouse for 1-10 days, wherein the illumination intensity is 6000-7000 lux, and after 11 days, the illumination intensity is adjusted to 8000-10000 lux.

The invention has the following advantages:

(1) the invention adopts the solarized sea salt to prepare the diluted sea water, can ensure the salt concentration of the sea water, and leads the mulbernet to grow under the most favorable salt concentration. On the other hand, the sea salt is easy to transport, the transportation cost is saved, and the dependence of mangrove plant seedling on seawater is overcome.

(2) The nutrient soil prepared by the invention provides sufficient nutrient components for the growth of the sonneratia pseudoacacia, and can ensure the respiration of roots, so that the sonneratia pseudoacacia seedlings can grow quickly.

(3) The invention provides a method for tending from seed collection to seedlings of mulberryleaf, which reasonably regulates and controls the operation parameters of seed treatment, germination, seedling transplantation and the like, the germination rate of the treated seeds is more than 80 percent, the seedling obtaining rate of the germinated seeds is more than 70 percent, the difficulty that the mulberryleaf cannot be naturally updated is overcome, and the method is low in cost and easy to operate.

(4) The invention can further improve the seed germination rate and the seedling rate and reduce the application frequency of the bactericide by improving the seed soaking method and controlling the illumination in different germination periods.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical solution, objects and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described with the following embodiments.

In the embodiment of the invention, the seedling raising bag is made of plastic, the diameter of the seedling raising bag is 12cm, and 3-4 holes with the diameter of 1cm are formed in the bottom of the seedling raising bag.

The seedling raising block is cylindrical, is wrapped with polymeric fiber, has a diameter of 30mm, and is sterilized with high-pressure steam before use.

And (3) bactericide: carbendazim is used as a solute, and diluted sea salt water is used as a solvent to prepare a solution with the mass concentration of 0.5 g/L.

Mixed solution of bactericide, insecticide and fertilizer: preparing a solution with the mass concentration of 4g/L by using carbendazim, dichlorvos and macroelement water-soluble fertilizer as solutes and diluted seawater as a solvent; wherein the mass ratio of the carbendazim to the dichlorvos to the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is 1:1: 2.

The first embodiment is as follows:

(1) seed treatment: collecting mature fruits in 9-10 months, removing pulp, taking out seeds in the fruits, and soaking in 100mg/L gibberellin solution for 1.5 hours; wherein the temperature of the gibberellin solution is 28-30 ℃;

(2) putting the soaked seeds into a seedling raising block made of sphagnum moss, wherein the buried depth is not more than 0.5 cm; diluting seawater every day to keep the nursery blocks moist; placing the seedling growing blocks in a greenhouse at the temperature of 25-30 ℃, and supplementing illumination, wherein the illumination intensity is 8000-10000 lux; spraying a bactericide (generally, spraying is needed for 2-3 times);

(3) selecting 3-4 true-leaf seedlings, transplanting the seedlings together with seedling growing blocks into seedling growing bags containing nutrient soil, and culturing outdoors, wherein the seedling growing bags are placed on a hard cement ground; pouring 50-60 ml of diluted seawater water into each seedling raising bag every day, and shading by using a shading net with the density of 3 needles; the nutrient soil is prepared from sphagnum, sea mud and sea sand in a volume ratio of 1:2: 2;

(4) sterilization, disinsection and topdressing: spraying the mixed solution of the bactericide, the insecticide and the fertilizer to seedlings regularly (the spraying is usually required to be carried out for more than 3 times according to the growth condition of the seedlings in the period);

In the embodiment, the diluted sea salt water is prepared from sun-dried sea salt and water, and the mass concentration is 0.5%.

Example two:

(1) seed treatment: collecting mature fruits in 9-10 months, removing pulp, taking out seeds in the fruits, and soaking in a gibberellin solution with the concentration of 200mg/L for 2 hours; wherein the temperature of the gibberellin solution is 22-25 ℃;

(3) selecting 3-4 true-leaf seedlings, transplanting the seedlings together with seedling growing blocks into seedling growing bags containing nutrient soil, and culturing outdoors, wherein the seedling growing bags are placed on a hard cement ground; pouring 50-60 ml of diluted seawater water into each seedling raising bag every day, and shading by using a shading net with the density of 4 needles; the nutrient soil is prepared from sphagnum, sea mud and sea sand in a volume ratio of 1:2: 2;

(4) sterilization, disinsection and topdressing: spraying the mixed solution of bactericide, insecticide and fertilizer to the seedlings periodically; (spraying is usually required more than 3 times during the period according to the growth condition of seedlings)

In this example, the diluted sea salt water was prepared from sun-dried sea salt and water, and the mass concentration was 1%.

Example three:

the difference between the third embodiment and the second embodiment is as follows:

the nutrient soil is prepared from sphagnum, sea mud and sea sand in a volume ratio of 1:1: 1.

Example four:

the difference between the fourth embodiment and the third embodiment is as follows:

Comparative example one:

the difference between the first comparative example and the third example is as follows:

the nutrient soil is prepared from red soil, sea mud and sea sand in a volume ratio of 1:1: 1.

Comparative example two:

the difference between the second comparative example and the third example is that:

the nutrient soil is prepared from sphagnum, sea mud and sea sand in a volume ratio of 1:3: 4.

Comparative example three:

the difference between the third comparative example and the third example is as follows:

200mg/L gibberellin solution was replaced with 200mg/L indoleacetic acid solution.

Test example:

the method of the embodiment and the method of the comparative example are respectively adopted to nurture the sonneratia pseudoacacia seedlings, and each group is treated by 30 seeds and repeated for 3 times. And counting the germination rate (the germination standard is that the roots grow out) on the 30 th day after the seeds are placed into the seedling raising blocks, and counting the seedling rate (the survival standard is that the seedling growth height exceeds 10cm, and no obvious withering and yellowing or wilting phenomenon exists) before the seeds are transplanted into the field for planting.

The seed germination rate is equal to the seed germination number/total sowing number multiplied by 100%

The rate of the obtained seedlings is equal to the number of the seedlings/the total seeding number multiplied by 100 percent

The results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1

	Seed germination rate	Rate of seedlings obtained
			Example 1	82％	73％
Example 2	88％	79％
			Example 3	87％	83％
Example 4	95％	94％
			Comparative example 1	85％	62％
Comparative example 2	84％	64％
			Comparative example 3	72％	58％

Test results show that by adopting the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the seed germination rate reaches 82-95%, and the seedling rate reaches 73-94%.

The method of the fourth embodiment can effectively reduce the application frequency of the bactericide, and the bactericide is only needed to be sprayed for 1 time after the seeds are placed in the seedling raising blocks (other seedling raising methods are adopted, and the bactericide is usually sprayed for 2-3 times).

The foregoing is a more detailed description of the present invention that is presented in conjunction with specific embodiments, and the practice of the invention is not to be considered limited to those descriptions. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that a number of simple derivations or substitutions can be made without departing from the inventive concept.

Claims

1. An endangered mangrove plant sonneratia pseudosea seedling tending method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) seed treatment: collecting mature fruits in 9-10 months, removing pulp, taking out seeds in the fruits, and soaking in a gibberellin solution with the concentration of 100-200 mg/L for 1.5-2 hours; the soaking method comprises the following steps: firstly, soaking seeds in a gibberellin solution with the concentration of 100mg/L for 1.5 hours, wherein the temperature of the solution is 28-30 ℃; draining off water, and soaking in 200mg/L gibberellin solution for 0.5 hour, wherein the temperature of the solution is 22-25 ℃;

(2) putting the soaked seeds into a seedling raising block made of sphagnum moss, wherein the buried depth is not more than 0.5 cm; diluting seawater every day to keep the nursery blocks moist; placing the seedling raising blocks in a greenhouse at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ for supplementing illumination; and spraying a bactericide; the method for supplementing illumination comprises the following steps: placing the seedling raising block in a greenhouse for 1-10 days, wherein the illumination intensity is 6000-7000 lux, and after 11 days, the illumination intensity is adjusted to 8000-10000 lux;

(3) selecting 3-4 true-leaf seedlings, transplanting the seedlings together with seedling growing blocks into seedling growing bags containing nutrient soil, and culturing outdoors, wherein the seedling growing bags are placed on a hard cement ground; pouring 50-60 ml of diluted seawater water into each seedling raising bag every day, and shading by using a shading net with the density of 3-4 needles; the nutrient soil is prepared from sphagnum, sea mud and sea sand in a volume ratio of 1 (1-2) to 1-2;

(4) sterilization, disinsection and topdressing: spraying the mixed solution of bactericide, insecticide and fertilizer to the seedlings periodically;

2. The endangered mangrove plant sonneratia paracasei seedling tending method according to claim 1, characterized in that the diluted sea salt water is prepared from sun-dried sea salt and water, and the mass concentration is 0.5-1%.

3. The method for tending the seedlings of Morus alba Linne of the endangered mangrove plant of claim 1, wherein the seedling bag is made of plastic material, has a diameter of 12cm, and has 3 to 4 holes with a diameter of 1cm at the bottom.

4. The method for tending the seedlings of Morus alba Linne of the endangered mangrove plant of claim 1, wherein the nursery blocks are cylindrical, wrapped with polymeric fibers and have a diameter of 30mm, and sterilized with high pressure steam before use.

5. The method for tending the endangered mangrove plant sonneratia paracasei seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that the fungicide: carbendazim is used as a solute, and diluted sea salt water is used as a solvent to prepare a solution with the mass concentration of 0.5 g/L.

6. The method for tending seedlings of Morus persica of endangered mangrove according to claim 1, wherein the mixed solution of fungicide, insecticide and fertilizer: preparing a solution with the concentration of 4g/L by using carbendazim, dichlorvos and macroelement water-soluble fertilizer as solutes and diluted seawater as a solvent; wherein the mass ratio of the carbendazim to the dichlorvos to the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is 1:1: 2.

7. The method for tending mangrove pseudomarine young seedling of claim 1, wherein the nutrient soil is prepared from sphagnum, sea mud and sea sand in a volume ratio of 1:1: 1.