CN110089335B

CN110089335B - A kind of water coconut seed collection and seedling raising method

Info

Publication number: CN110089335B
Application number: CN201910466488.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨勇; 张颖; 钟才荣; 刘强
Original assignee: Hainan Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve Administration; Hainan Normal University
Current assignee: Hainan Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve Administration; Hainan Normal University
Priority date: 2019-05-31
Filing date: 2019-05-31
Publication date: 2021-07-20
Anticipated expiration: 2039-05-31
Also published as: CN110089335A

Abstract

本发明涉及一种水椰种子收集及育苗方法，包括以下步骤：(1)在3～5月份，将网兜套在即将成熟的果实上并固定好；(2)将种子放入浓度100～200mg/L的吲哚乙酸水溶液中浸泡45～60分钟；(3)种子根部朝下放入含有营养土的育苗袋中进行萌发，每天浇灌稀释海盐水400～500ml；营养土由泥炭藓、海泥和海沙配制而成；(4)待水椰长出幼芽后，定期施肥料，并喷洒杀虫剂和杀菌剂；(5)待水椰幼苗长出5片子叶，高度超过50cm后，完成水椰育苗；将育苗袋撕破后，连同育苗袋中的营养土移栽到水椰的生境中。本发明选择自然脱落的种子，并合理配制营养土，合理调控种子处理、萌发、移栽操作参数等，提供了一种种子发芽率高达85～97％，幼苗成活率高达81～96％的水椰种子育苗方法。The invention relates to a method for collecting and raising seedlings of water palm seeds. Soak in the indole acetic acid aqueous solution of /L for 45-60 minutes; (3) Put the seeds roots down in a seedling bag containing nutrient soil for germination, and water 400-500ml of diluted sea salt water every day; the nutrient soil is composed of peat moss, sea mud It is prepared with sea sand; (4) after the water coconut grows buds, fertilizer is applied regularly, and pesticides and fungicides are sprayed; (5) after the water coconut seedling grows 5 cotyledons, and the height exceeds 50cm, Complete the water coconut seedling raising; after tearing the seedling bag, transplant it into the habitat of the water coconut together with the nutrient soil in the seedling bag. The present invention selects the seeds that fall off naturally, rationally prepares nutrient soil, and reasonably regulates the operation parameters of seed treatment, germination, transplanting, etc., and provides a water with a seed germination rate as high as 85-97% and a seedling survival rate as high as 81-96%. Coconut seed breeding method.

Description

Water coconut seed collecting and seedling raising method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of crop seedling culture, in particular to a method for collecting and culturing water coconut seeds.

Background

The water coconut is a tropical coast plant with 'immature' and gradually endangered species. Evergreen shrubs are bushy and are 3 to 7 meters high. The water coconuts are distributed in local areas of Hainan, are typical tropical coastal plants and wiggery plants, and are valuable for researching phylogeny and origin of Palmae, tropical plant districts, ancient biology, ancient geography and the like. In recent years, the growth and natural distribution of the hydrococo forest has been greatly affected by excessive felling and picking of the fruit. If the protection is not enhanced, the product will fall into an endangered state. Therefore, the development of an efficient method for breeding the water coconuts is urgently needed to relieve the endangered state of the water coconuts.

The existing seedling culture method of the water coconuts lacks an effective seed collection method, and the germination rate of mature fruits collected from plants is not high. Since the water coconuts grow in the tidal submerging environment and naturally mature and fallen seeds are difficult to collect, the existing method cannot obtain enough seeds and cannot breed in a large scale. Although there are reports of techniques for breeding seedlings of coconut (coconut nucifera L.) belonging to the same family, the habitat of the coconut is greatly different from that of the water coconut, and the techniques for breeding coconut cannot be applied to breeding of water coconut.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the above situation, the invention provides a method for collecting and raising seedlings of water coconut seeds.

The technical scheme of the invention is realized by the following measures:

a method for collecting and raising seedlings of water coconut seeds comprises the following steps:

(1) seed collection: in 3-5 months, sleeving a net bag on the fruit to be ripe and fixing;

a: since the coconut grows in the area which is periodically submerged by the tide, the mature seeds can be brought to the environment which is not suitable for the growth of the coconut by the seawater tide after falling, so that the coconut seeds can not germinate for a long time and die. The germination rate of the mature seeds directly collected from the water coconut plants is far lower than that of the naturally-fallen seeds, so that the mature seeds are collected by using the net bag, the mature seeds can be effectively prevented from being washed away by seawater tides, and the seeds with higher germination rate can be obtained.

B: the coconut fruit is mainly matured in 3-5 months. A large number of seeds (more than 200 seeds per plant of the water coconut) are easily obtained by collecting in 3-5 months, so that the offspring of the water coconut can be obtained in a large amount. The number of seeds collected in the other months is smaller. On the other hand, seedlings with germinated seeds have stronger resistance before winter comes, and the probability of death of the seedlings in winter can be greatly reduced.

(2) Seed treatment: soaking the collected seeds in an indoleacetic acid aqueous solution with the concentration of 100-200 mg/L for 45-60 minutes, wherein the temperature of the indoleacetic acid aqueous solution is 25-35 ℃;

the indoleacetic acid water solution has the function of promoting the germination rate of the seeds, the concentration is lower than 100mg/L, the promotion of rooting is not obvious, and is higher than 200mg/L, and the rooting is inhibited. The soaking time is less than 45 minutes, the promotion effect is not obvious, and the soaking time exceeds 60 minutes, so that the rooting is promoted to be inhibited. The germination effect is better when 200mg/L indoleacetic acid aqueous solution is adopted for treating for 60 minutes. Gibberellin is reported to improve the germination rate of prunus persica seeds, but the accelerating effect of gibberellin on the copra seeds is not obvious.

(3) Germinating seeds: taking the seeds treated in the step (2), placing the seeds into a seedling growing bag containing nutrient soil with the roots facing downwards for germination, and irrigating 400-500 ml of diluted seawater every day; the nutrient soil is prepared from sphagnum, sea mud and sea sand according to the volume ratio of 1 (1-2) to 1-2; the diluted sea salt water is prepared from sun-dried sea salt and water, and the mass concentration of the diluted sea salt water is 1.0-2.0%.

The nutrient soil provides nutrition and a favorable growing environment for the growth of the young coconuts. Diluted seawater is used to maintain the growth environment of the young coconut seedlings in favor of the growth environment.

(4) After the young buds of the water coconuts grow out, fertilizer is applied regularly, and insecticide and bactericide are sprayed;

(5) after 5 cotyledons grow out of the young water coconuts and the height of the young water coconuts exceeds 50cm, the young water coconuts are cultured; tearing the seedling raising bag, and transplanting the seedling raising bag and the nutrient soil in the seedling raising bag into the habitat of the water coconut.

A: after the seedlings grow to be more than 50cm, the seedlings can resist a severe environment, and after the seedlings grow to be 50cm, the seedlings are transplanted into the living environment of the water coconuts, so that the survival rate of the water coconuts can be improved.

B: together with the transplantation of the nutrient soil in the seedling raising bag, on one hand, the nutrient soil can continuously provide nutrition for the transplanted water coconuts, and on the other hand, the damage to roots can be reduced. The capability of resisting external adverse conditions of the transplanted seedlings can be improved, and the survival rate of the seedlings is improved.

Preferably, the mesh size of the net bag is 0.5-2 cm. Invalid seeds are effectively screened out by adopting the size of the net bag.

Based on the purposes of reducing the concentration of the indoleacetic acid aqueous solution, reducing the dosage, reducing the cost and further improving the germination rate, the seed soaking method can adopt the following operations: adjusting the temperature of the indoleacetic acid aqueous solution to 25-28 ℃, adding the seeds, soaking for 30 minutes, then heating the indoleacetic acid aqueous solution to 30-33 ℃ within 5 minutes, and continuing to soak for 60 minutes.

Preferably, the nutrient soil is prepared from sphagnum, sea mud and sea sand which are equal in volume. The seedling raising bag is made of PVC materials, the diameter of the seedling raising bag is 18cm, and 3 holes with the diameter of 1cm are formed in the bottom of the seedling raising bag. By adopting the nutrient soil proportion and the nutrient bag, the full nutrition of the sonneratia paracasei can be ensured, and the root can be ensured to breathe.

Preferably, the fungicide: spinetoram is used as a solute, and diluted sea salt water is used as a solvent to prepare a solution with the concentration of 1 g/L. The bactericide has obvious effect, reduces mould pollution and avoids the bad growth of the young coconuts caused by mould infection.

The invention has the following advantages:

(1) the invention provides a simple and effective water coconut seed collection scheme, the germination rate of the collected naturally-fallen seeds is higher than that of the seeds collected from plants;

(2) the invention provides a set of simple and feasible scheme, the insecticide and the bactericide used in the tending process are common in the market, and the seedling raising cost is low;

(3) the nutrient soil prepared from the sphagnum, the sea mud and the sea sand can provide sufficient nutrition and has strong air permeability, thereby providing a good environment for the growth of the hydrococonut and promoting the healthy and strong growth of the seedling of the hydrococonut;

(4) the communicated nutrient soil is transplanted together in the transplanting process, on one hand, nutrition can be continuously provided for the transplanted water coconuts, and on the other hand, damage to roots can be reduced. The capability of resisting external adverse conditions of the transplanted seedlings can be improved, and the survival rate of the seedlings is improved.

(5) The method adopts 100-200 mg/L indoleacetic acid aqueous solution for treatment, so that the germination rate of the seeds is effectively improved.

(6) The following operations are adopted in the seed soaking stage: adjusting the temperature of the indoleacetic acid aqueous solution to 25-28 ℃, adding the seeds, soaking for 30 minutes, then heating the indoleacetic acid aqueous solution to 30-33 ℃ within 5 minutes, and continuing to soak for 60 minutes. Through the stage change of the water temperature of the indoleacetic acid aqueous solution, the germination rate and the survival rate of seedlings can be further improved at the lowest concentration of the indoleacetic acid aqueous solution.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical solution, objects and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described with the following embodiments.

In the embodiment of the invention, the seedling raising bag is made of PVC material, the diameter is 18cm, and the bottom of the seedling raising bag is provided with 3 holes with the diameter of 1 cm.

In the embodiment of the invention, the net bag is woven by nylon ropes, and the size of a sieve pore of the net bag is between 0.5 and 2 cm.

The first embodiment is as follows:

(2) seed treatment: soaking the collected seeds in 100mg/L indoleacetic acid aqueous solution for 45 minutes; the temperature of the indolacetic acid aqueous solution is 25-28 ℃;

(3) germinating seeds: taking the seeds treated in the step (2), placing the seeds into seedling bags containing nutrient soil with the roots facing downwards for germination, and irrigating 400-500 ml of diluted seawater every day in each seedling bag; the nutrient soil is prepared from sphagnum, sea mud and sea sand according to the volume ratio of 1:2: 2; the diluted sea salt water is prepared from sun-dried sea salt and water, and the mass concentration is 1.0%.

(4) After the young buds of the water coconuts grow out, fertilizer is applied regularly, and insecticide and bactericide are sprayed; insecticide: the broad spectrum insecticide is used as solute, and the diluted sea salt water is used as solvent to prepare solution with the concentration of 1 g/L. And (3) bactericide: spinetoram is used as a solute, and diluted sea salt water is used as a solvent to prepare a solution with the concentration of 1 g/L.

Example two:

(2) seed treatment: soaking the collected seeds in 200mg/L indoleacetic acid water solution for 60 minutes; the temperature of the indolacetic acid aqueous solution is 33-35 ℃;

(3) germinating seeds: taking the seeds treated in the step (2), placing the seeds into seedling bags containing nutrient soil with the roots facing downwards for germination, and irrigating 400-500 ml of diluted seawater every day in each seedling bag; the nutrient soil is prepared from sphagnum, sea mud and sea sand according to the volume ratio of 1:2: 2; the diluted sea salt water is prepared from sun-dried sea salt and water, and the mass concentration is 2.0%.

Example three:

the difference between the third embodiment and the second embodiment is as follows:

the nutrient soil is prepared from sphagnum, sea mud and sea sand according to the volume ratio of 1:1: 1.

Example four:

the difference between the fourth embodiment and the third embodiment is as follows:

the seed soaking method adopts the following operations: adjusting the temperature of the indoleacetic acid aqueous solution to 25-28 ℃, adding the seeds, soaking for 30 minutes, then heating the indoleacetic acid aqueous solution to 30-33 ℃ within 5 minutes, and continuing to soak for 60 minutes. The concentration of the indolacetic acid aqueous solution is 100 mg/L.

Comparative example one:

the difference between the first comparative example and the third example is as follows:

the nutrient soil is prepared from introduction soil, sea mud and vermiculite according to the volume ratio of 1:1: 1.

Comparative example two:

the difference between the second comparative example and the third example is that:

the nutrient soil is prepared from sphagnum, sea mud and sea sand according to the volume ratio of 1:4: 3.

Comparative example three:

the difference between the third comparative example and the third example is as follows:

the indole acetic acid aqueous solution is replaced by gibberellin aqueous solution, and the concentration is 200 mg/L.

Test example:

the method of the embodiment and the method of the comparative example are respectively adopted for collecting the seeds of the water coconuts and carrying out seedling raising treatment, 30 seeds are adopted for each group, and the steps are repeated for 3 times. The germination rate is counted at 30 days of germination treatment (germination standard is that the germination is observed by naked eyes), and the survival rate of seedlings is counted at 10 days after transplantation (survival standard is that the growth height of the seedlings exceeds 10cm, and no obvious withering and yellowing or wilting phenomenon exists).

The germination rate of the seeds is equal to the germination number of the seeds/the total sowing amount multiplied by 100 percent

The survival rate of the seedlings is equal to the number of the seedlings/the total seeding number multiplied by 100 percent

The results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1

	Germination rate of seeds	Survival rate of young seedling
			Example 1	85％	81％
Example 2	90％	86％
			Example 3	94％	92％
Example 4	97％	96％
			Comparative example 1	77％	70％
Comparative example 2	78％	72％
			Comparative example 3	65％	63％

Test results show that by the method, the germination rate of the seeds reaches 85-97%, and the survival rate of the seedlings reaches 81-96%.

The foregoing is a more detailed description of the present invention that is presented in conjunction with specific embodiments, and the practice of the invention is not to be considered limited to those descriptions. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that a number of simple derivations or substitutions can be made without departing from the inventive concept.

Claims

1. a water coconut seed collection and seedling raising method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

(1) Seed collection: From March to May, wrap the net on the fruit that is about to ripen and fix it;

(2) Seed treatment: adjust the temperature of the indole acetic acid aqueous solution with a concentration of 100 to 200 mg/L to be 25 to 28 ° C, add the seeds to soak for 30 minutes, and then warm the indole acetic acid aqueous solution to 30 to 33 ° C in 5 minutes, Continue to soak until the 60th minute;

(3) germinated seeds: take the seeds after the treatment of step (2), put the roots down into the seedling bag containing nutrient soil for germination, and each seedling bag is watered with 400～500ml of diluted sea salt water every day; the nutrient soil is composed of peat moss, The sea mud and sea sand are prepared in a volume ratio of 1:(1～2):(1～2); the diluted sea salt is prepared from sun-dried sea salt and water, and the mass concentration is 1.0～2.0%;

(4) after the water coconut grows buds, fertilize regularly, and spray pesticides and fungicides;

(5) after the water coconut seedling grows 5 cotyledons, and the height exceeds 50cm, the water coconut seedling is completed; after the seedling bag is torn, together with the nutrient soil in the seedling bag, it is transplanted in the habitat of the water coconut.

2. water coconut seed collection and seedling raising method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the mesh pocket size is between 0.5～2cm.

3. water palm seed collection and seedling raising method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, indole acetic acid aqueous solution concentration is 200mg/L.

4. water palm seed collection and seedling raising method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the soaking time of seed in the indole acetic acid aqueous solution is 60 minutes.

5. water coconut seed collection according to claim 1 and method for raising seedlings, is characterized in that, seedling raising bag is PVC material, diameter 18cm, has 3 holes of diameter 1cm at bottom.

6. water palm seed collection and seedling raising method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, bactericide: take spinosad as solute, take diluted sea salt water as solvent, be mixed with the solution that concentration is 1g/L.