CN114521445B - Bottle flower and tree seedling tending method for endangered mangrove plants - Google Patents
Bottle flower and tree seedling tending method for endangered mangrove plants Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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Abstract
The invention provides a bottle flower and tree seedling tending method of an endangered mangrove plant, which comprises the following steps: (1) seed treatment, (2) seed germination; (3) cultivating seedling blocks: transplanting the seedlings into seedling blocks, putting the seedling blocks into a seedling tray, and keeping the depth of diluted seawater with 0.5-1.0cm in the seedling tray, wherein the shading rate is 50-60%; (4) sterilization and pest prevention; (5) seedling nurturing: filling seedlings into nutrition bags, putting the nutrition bags into a seedling raising tray, and keeping diluted seawater with the depth of 2-3cm in the seedling raising tray, wherein the shading rate is 50-60%; (6) field seedling hardening: transferring the seedlings together with the nutrition bags into a mangrove nursery for hardening the seedlings; spraying fresh water every day, and transplanting to field planting; the bottle flower and tree seedling tending method can reach 18.70% of seed germination rate, and the survival rate of the seedlings can reach more than 40%, so that stable tending of high germination rate and high survival rate of endangered mangrove plants from seed collection to seedling tending is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seedling raising of endangered mangrove plants, in particular to a bottle flower and tree seedling tending method of endangered mangrove plants.
Background
The endangered mangrove plant (Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea) is a arbor mangrove plant of the genus Rubiaceae (Rubiaceae) and is mainly distributed in regions such as southern India, spirachica, malaysia, hainan China, philippines, australia, new karidonia, solomon islands and Palao. The wood is She Gezhi, is inverted oval or oblong, has a length of 2.5-7.5 cm and a width of 1.5-4.5 cm, has a round top end, has a wedge-shaped base, is always downwards extended, and has luster on the base. Inflorescence axillary growth comprises multiple flowers, the length is 1.5-3 cm, the width is 2-2.5 cm, and the total pedicel length is 0.5-1 cm; white or yellowish. The stone fruit has a length of 8-11 mm, a diameter of 3-5 mm, and obvious longitudinal edges of 6-8 pieces, and the top crown is covered with the surviving calyx eave. Mainly grows in tropical coast climax beach areas with fresh water input.
The protection work of mangrove is highly emphasized in China, and the protection and repair of mangrove become important contents in the construction of ecological civilization of China and the work of coping with climate change. The notification of action plan (2020-2025) specially for protecting and repairing mangrove forest, issued by the national forestry and grassland bureau in the year 2020, clearly specifies protecting the rare endangered mangrove species and enlarges the area of the rare endangered mangrove species. In 2006, flowers and trees are listed in the "Hainan province-level important protection of wild plants" directory. In mangrove ecological restoration, recovery of rare endangered species resources is an important work which is imperative, and research of measures such as strengthening population habitat recovery, artificial breeding and seed expansion is needed. The flowers and trees are one of mangrove plants in extremely endangered state in China, and the distribution range of the flowers and trees is very narrow, and the flowers and trees are naturally distributed in the mangrove protection area limited to Wenchang eight-gate bay mangrove forest and the three green plum harbor mangrove forest protection area.
The key point of saving the endangered plants is to enlarge the population quantity of the endangered plants, the existing artificial endangered mangrove seedling raising method is high in pertinence, difficult to be suitable for raising the bottle flowers and the tree, the bottle flowers and the tree seeds can germinate, but the germination rate of the bottle flowers and the tree seeds is low, the period from the germination of the seeds to the initiation of lignification of the seedlings is long, the bottle flowers and the tree seedlings cannot be raised well by the existing raising method, a large number of seedlings die in the raising process, the survival rate is low, and a large number of bottle flowers and tree seedlings cannot be obtained. Therefore, the cultivation and tending of the seedlings of the flowers and the trees are studied to improve the population quantity of the flowers and the trees, and the cultivation method has important significance for protecting mangrove resources in China.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a bottle flower and tree seedling tending method for endangered mangrove plants.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
an endangered mangrove plant bottle flower and tree seedling tending method comprises the following steps:
s1, seed treatment: mature seeds on flowers and plants in the collection bottle for 1-2 months are selected, and combined soaking sterilization treatment is carried out;
s2, seed germination: uniformly scattering the treated seeds on a seedbed, and watering fresh water every day, wherein the seedbed is kept moist and free of water accumulation, and the seedbed is free of direct solar radiation;
s3, culturing seedling blocks: when the height of the seedling is 0.4-0.6cm, transplanting the seedling and a seedling bed matrix of 0.4-0.5cm around the root into a seedling block containing a nutrition matrix 1, placing the seedling block into a seedling tray, keeping the seedling tray to contain diluted seawater with the depth of 0.5-1.0cm, culturing the seedling block of the flowers and the trees, and controlling the shading rate to be 50-60%;
s4, sterilizing and preventing diseases and insects: spraying mixed solution of bactericide and insecticide on seedlings every 1-2 weeks, and stopping spraying the bactericide and the insecticide after the stems of the plants are lignified;
s5, seedling tending: when 4-5 leaves grow out of the seedling, the seedling and the seedling blocks are put into a nutrition bag containing a nutrition matrix 2, the nutrition bag is put into a seedling tray, diluted seawater with the depth of 2-3cm is kept in the seedling tray, the shading rate is controlled to be 50-60%, and after the stem of the plant is lignified for 2-3 months, the shading is removed;
s6, field seedling hardening: when the seedlings grow to more than 10cm, transferring the seedlings and the nutrition bags into a mangrove nursery for hardening the seedlings; in the seedling training process, fresh water is sprayed every day for 7-14 days, and when seedlings grow to more than 30cm, the seedlings are transplanted to field planting.
Further, in the step 6, the condition of the mangrove nursery is that the mangrove nursery is selected to be located in a high tide zone weak wave area which can be periodically submerged by seawater, the high tide level is submerged by 10-15cm at the bottom of the nursery bed, and the seawater salinity is below 15%.
Further describing, in the steps 3 and 5, the diluted seawater is prepared from sun-dried sea salt serving as a solute and tap water serving as a solution, wherein the mass concentration of the diluted seawater is 0.5%.
Further, in the step 5, in the first week of transferring the seedlings into the nutrition bags, fresh water is adopted to be dripped on the surface of the nutrition substrate 2 every day, the dripping amount per day is 20-30 ml/bag, and the shading rate is controlled to be 50-60%.
Further described, in the step 2, the seedbed is formed by mixing sea sand, laterite and peat soil according to a mass ratio of 1:1:1, and the thickness of the seedbed is 10-15cm.
Further illustratively, in steps 2 and 6, the fresh water is tap water.
Further illustrating, in the step 4, the bactericide is prepared by taking carbendazim as a solute and diluting seawater as a solution according to a mass ratio of 1:2000; the pesticide is prepared by using cyhalothrin as a solute and diluting sea salt water as a solution according to the mass ratio of 1-2:1000.
Further described, in the step 1, the soaking sterilization treatment is to put the seeds into a 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 10min, then put the seeds into a 300mg/L gibberellin solution for soaking for 3h, and the treated seeds are obtained.
Further described, in the step 3, the seedling raising blocks are formed by wrapping a nutrition matrix by non-woven fabrics, wherein the nutrition matrix 1 is formed by peat moss with the height of 3-4cm, and the seedling raising blocks are subjected to high-pressure steam sterilization before transplanting.
Further, in the step 5, the nutrition bag is made of degradable plastic, the diameter of the nutrition bag is 9-10cm, 3-4 holes with the diameter of 1cm are formed in the bottom of the nutrition bag, and the nutrition substrate 2 is prepared from peat moss, sea mud and sea sand with equal volumes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) On one hand, the invention selects the bottle flower seeds of 1-2 months as raw materials, and the flower seed germination rate is fully improved under the moist condition of controlling seed germination through combined soaking sterilization treatment and fresh water germination of a seedbed; on the other hand, aiming at the growth characteristics of the seedlings of the flowers and the trees, the seedling raising blocks, the nutrition bags and the seedling raising trays are combined under the cultivation mode of the seedling raising blocks of the flowers and the trees, the seedlings of the flowers and the trees are subjected to sectional reinforced cultivation by utilizing the low-concentration diluted seawater with different water levels under different illumination conditions, the salt resistance of the seedlings of the flowers and the trees is enhanced, the respiration of the roots is ensured, the seedlings death caused by long-term soaking is avoided, the optimal condition is provided for the growth of the seedlings of the flowers and the trees, the survival rate of the seedlings is obviously improved, meanwhile, the seedling refining treatment of the flowers and the trees is carried out in combination with the high-salinity seawater condition with a certain water level, and the seedlings of the flowers and the trees with the stable growth are obtained, so that the stable cultivation from seed collection to the seedling raising is realized, and the stable raising of the flowers and the trees with high germination rate and survival rate for the endangered mangrove plants is realized.
(2) The tending method for the bottle flowers and the tree seedlings can reach 18.70% of seed germination rate, the survival rate of the seedlings can reach more than 40%, the limitation of the seedling lignification period on the growth of the seedlings is effectively overcome, and the good stable growth state of the bottle flowers and the tree seedlings is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the germination of seeds by a seedbed in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a seedling block cultivation seedling according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the cultivation of seedlings in the nutrition bag according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, the following provides specific examples to further illustrate the present invention.
The experimental methods used in the embodiment of the invention are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
Materials, reagents, and the like used in the examples of the present invention are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
An endangered mangrove plant bottle flower and tree seedling tending method comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed treatment: mature seeds on flowers and plants are selected from a 1-month collecting bottle, and after the mature seeds are put into a 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 10min, the seeds are put into a 300mg/L gibberellin solution for soaking for 3h;
(2) Seed germination: uniformly scattering the treated seeds on a seedbed, wherein the seedbed is formed by mixing sea sand, laterite and peat soil according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1, steam sterilization treatment is carried out before use, the thickness of the seedbed is 10-13cm, and a drainage facility is arranged to enable water to be rapidly discharged; pouring tap water every day to keep the seedling bed moist, wherein the seedling bed has no direct sunlight;
(3) Culturing seedling blocks: when the height of the seedling is 0.4-0.5cm, transplanting the seedling and a seedling bed matrix of 0.4-0.5cm around the root into a seedling block containing a nutrition matrix 1, wherein the seedling block is formed by wrapping the nutrition matrix with non-woven fabrics, the nutrition matrix 1 consists of sphagnum, the height is 3-4cm, the root of the plant can penetrate through the non-woven fabrics and stretch out, a hole with the diameter of about 1cm is formed in the upper part of the seedling block for placing the plant seedling, and high-pressure steam sterilization is carried out on the seedling block before transplanting;
putting the seedling blocks into a seedling tray, keeping 0.5% diluted seawater with the depth of 0.5-1.0cm in the seedling tray to form a low-water-level semi-saline environment for growing the flowers and the trees, and culturing the seedling blocks of the flowers and the trees; the shading rate is controlled by a shading net, the shading net is made of black polyethylene material, and the shading rate is controlled to be 50-60%;
(4) Sterilization and prevention of diseases and insects: spraying mixed solution of bactericide and insecticide on seedlings every 1 week, and stopping spraying the bactericide and the insecticide after the stems of the plants are lignified; the bactericide is prepared by taking carbendazim as a solute and diluting seawater as a solution according to the mass ratio of 1:2000; the pesticide takes cyhalothrin as a solute and dilute seawater as a solution, and the following steps are 1:1000 by mass ratio.
(5) Seedling nurturing: when 4-5 leaves grow out of the seedlings, the seedlings and the seedling raising blocks are filled into a nutrition bag containing a nutrition matrix 2, wherein the nutrition bag is made of degradable plastic, the diameter is 9cm, 3-4 holes with the diameter of 1cm are formed in the bottom, and the nutrition matrix 2 is prepared from peat moss, sea mud and sea sand with equal volumes;
placing the nutrition bag into a seedling raising tray, keeping the seedling raising tray to contain 0.5% diluted seawater with the depth of 2-3cm, controlling the shading rate to be 50-60%, and removing shading after the stem of the plant is lignified for 2 months;
(6) Field seedling hardening: selecting a high tide zone weak wave area which can be periodically submerged by seawater, wherein the high tide level is submerged at 10-15cm at the bottom of a seedbed, the seawater salinity is below 15% as a mangrove nursery, and transferring the seedlings and nutrition bags into the mangrove nursery for hardening seedlings when the seedlings grow to more than 10 cm; in the seedling training process, tap water is sprayed every day for 7 days, and when seedlings grow to more than 30cm, the seedlings are transplanted to field planting.
Example 2
An endangered mangrove plant bottle flower and tree seedling tending method comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed treatment: mature seeds on flowers and plants are selected from 2 months of collection bottles, and after the seeds are put into a 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 10min, the seeds are put into a 300mg/L gibberellin solution for soaking for 3h;
(2) Seed germination: uniformly scattering the treated seeds on a seedbed, wherein the seedbed is formed by mixing sea sand, laterite and peat soil according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1, steam sterilization treatment is carried out before use, the thickness of the seedbed is 12-15cm, and a drainage facility is arranged to enable water to be rapidly discharged; pouring tap water every day to keep the seedling bed moist, wherein the seedling bed has no direct sunlight;
(3) Culturing seedling blocks: when the height of the seedling is 0.5-0.6cm, transplanting the seedling and a seedling bed matrix of 0.4-0.5cm around the root into a seedling block containing a nutrition matrix 1, wherein the seedling block is formed by wrapping the nutrition matrix with non-woven fabrics, the nutrition matrix 1 consists of sphagnum, the height is 3-4cm, the root of the plant can penetrate through the non-woven fabrics and stretch out, a hole with the diameter of about 1cm is formed in the upper part of the seedling block for placing the plant seedling, and high-pressure steam sterilization is carried out on the seedling block before transplanting;
putting the seedling blocks into a seedling tray, keeping 0.5% diluted seawater with the depth of 0.5-1.0cm in the seedling tray to form a low-water-level semi-saline environment for growing the flowers and the trees, and culturing the seedling blocks of the flowers and the trees; the shading rate is controlled by a shading net, the shading net is made of black polyethylene material, and the shading rate is controlled to be 50-60%;
(4) Sterilization and prevention of diseases and insects: spraying mixed solution of bactericide and insecticide on seedlings every 2 weeks, and stopping spraying the bactericide and the insecticide after the stems of the plants are lignified; the bactericide is prepared by taking carbendazim as a solute and diluting seawater as a solution according to the mass ratio of 1:2000; the pesticide is prepared by taking cyhalothrin as a solute and diluting sea salt water as a solution according to the mass ratio of 2:1000.
(5) Seedling nurturing: when 4-5 leaves grow out of the seedlings, the seedlings and the seedling raising blocks are filled into a nutrition bag containing a nutrition matrix 2, wherein the nutrition bag is made of degradable plastic, the diameter is 10cm, 3-4 holes with the diameter of 1cm are formed in the bottom, and the nutrition matrix 2 is prepared from peat moss, sea mud and sea sand with equal volumes;
placing the nutrition bag into a seedling raising tray, keeping the seedling raising tray to contain 0.5% diluted seawater with the depth of 2-3cm, controlling the shading rate to be 50-60%, and removing shading after the stem of the plant is lignified for 3 months;
(6) Field seedling hardening: selecting a high tide zone weak wave area which can be periodically submerged by seawater, wherein the high tide level is submerged at 10-15cm at the bottom of a seedbed, the seawater salinity is below 15% as a mangrove nursery, and transferring the seedlings and nutrition bags into the mangrove nursery for hardening seedlings when the seedlings grow to more than 10 cm; in the seedling training process, tap water is sprayed every day for 14 days, and when seedlings grow to more than 30cm, the seedlings are transplanted to field planting.
Example 3
An endangered mangrove plant bottle flower and tree seedling tending method comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed treatment: mature seeds on flowers and plants are selected from 2 months of collection bottles, and after the seeds are put into a 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 10min, the seeds are put into a 300mg/L gibberellin solution for soaking for 3h;
(2) Seed germination: uniformly scattering the treated seeds on a seedbed, wherein the seedbed is formed by mixing sea sand, laterite and peat soil according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1, steam sterilization treatment is carried out before use, the thickness of the seedbed is 13-15cm, and a drainage facility is arranged to enable water to be rapidly discharged; pouring tap water every day to keep the seedling bed moist, wherein the seedling bed has no direct sunlight;
(3) Culturing seedling blocks: when the height of the seedling is 0.5-0.6cm, transplanting the seedling and a seedling bed matrix of 0.4-0.5cm around the root into a seedling block containing a nutrition matrix 1, wherein the seedling block is formed by wrapping the nutrition matrix with non-woven fabrics, the nutrition matrix 1 consists of sphagnum, the height is 3-4cm, the root of the plant can penetrate through the non-woven fabrics and stretch out, a hole with the diameter of about 1cm is formed in the upper part of the seedling block for placing the plant seedling, and high-pressure steam sterilization is carried out on the seedling block before transplanting;
putting the seedling blocks into a seedling tray, keeping 0.5% diluted seawater with the depth of 0.5-1.0cm in the seedling tray to form a low-water-level semi-saline environment for growing the flowers and the trees, and culturing the seedling blocks of the flowers and the trees; the shading rate is controlled by a shading net, the shading net is made of black polyethylene material, and the shading rate is controlled to be 50-60%;
(4) Sterilization and prevention of diseases and insects: spraying mixed solution of bactericide and insecticide on seedlings every 1 week, and stopping spraying the bactericide and the insecticide after the stems of the plants are lignified; the bactericide is prepared by taking carbendazim as a solute and diluting seawater as a solution according to the mass ratio of 1:2000; the pesticide is prepared by taking cyhalothrin as a solute and diluting sea salt water as a solution according to the mass ratio of 1.5:1000.
(5) Seedling nurturing: when 4-5 leaves grow out of the seedlings, the seedlings and the seedling raising blocks are filled into a nutrition bag containing a nutrition matrix 2, wherein the nutrition bag is made of degradable plastic, the diameter is 10cm, 3-4 holes with the diameter of 1cm are formed in the bottom, and the nutrition matrix 2 is prepared from peat moss, sea mud and sea sand with equal volumes;
placing the nutrition bag into a seedling raising tray, keeping the seedling raising tray to contain 0.5% diluted seawater with the depth of 2-3cm, controlling the shading rate to be 50-60%, and removing shading after the stem of the plant is lignified for 2 months;
(6) Field seedling hardening: selecting a high tide zone weak wave area which can be periodically submerged by seawater, wherein the high tide level is submerged at 10-15cm at the bottom of a seedbed, the seawater salinity is below 15% as a mangrove nursery, and transferring the seedlings and nutrition bags into the mangrove nursery for hardening seedlings when the seedlings grow to more than 10 cm; in the seedling training process, tap water is sprayed every day for 10 days, and when seedlings grow to more than 30cm, the seedlings are transplanted to field planting.
Example 4
Influence of different bottle flower and tree seed treatment conditions on seed germination rate thereof according to the endangered mangrove plant bottle flower and tree seedling tending method of example 3, during bottle flower and tree seed treatment: mature seeds on flowers and plants are selected from 2 months of collection bottles, and after the seeds are put into a 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 10min, the seeds are put into warm water with the temperature of 45 ℃ for soaking for 3h, and the subsequent steps are the same.
The germination effect of the flower seeds of the above-mentioned examples 1 to 4 was counted, and the results are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
As shown in Table 1, the germination rate of the bottle flower seeds in examples 1 to 3 was 17.0% or more, while the germination rate of the bottle flower seeds in example 4 was reduced without the gibberellin solution soaking treatment.
Comparative example 1
According to the endangered mangrove plant bottle flower and tree seedling tending method of example 3, different bottle flower and tree dilution seawater treatment mode tests are carried out: transplanting the seedling bed matrix with the height of 0.5-0.6cm and the periphery of 0.4-0.5cm around the root into seedling blocks containing nutrient matrix, placing the seedling blocks into seedling trays, and respectively carrying out the following treatments:
comparative examples 1-1: the sea water is watered and diluted every day, so that the seedling blocks are kept moist;
comparative examples 1-2: the depth of the diluted seawater in the seedling tray is controlled to be 1.0-2.0cm,
comparative examples 1-3: controlling the depth of diluted seawater in the seedling tray to be 2.0-3.0cm; the remaining subsequent steps were identical and the survival rate of the germinated seedlings was counted as shown in Table 2 below:
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2, the survival rate of the seedlings of the flowers and plants in examples 1-3 was 40% or more, the survival rate of the seedlings in example 3 was 45.45%, and the survival rate of the seedlings of the flowers and plants in comparative examples was significantly different in different ways of diluting seawater, and the survival rates of the seedlings in comparative examples 1-1, 1-2 and 1-3 were all reduced, indicating that the survival rate was highest with the diluted seawater of 0.5-1.0cm in depth in the tray for maintaining seedlings.
Comparative example 2
The bottle flower and tree seedling tending method of the endangered mangrove plant according to example 3 differs in that: in the step 3, when the seedling height is 0.5-0.6cm, transplanting the seedling with a seedling bed matrix of 0.4-0.5cm around the root into a nutrition bag, putting the nutrition bag into a seedling tray, keeping the seedling tray to have diluted seawater with the depth of 1.0-2.0cm, controlling the shading rate to be 50-60%, and removing the shading after the stem is lignified for 2 months; the rest subsequent steps are the same; the survival rate of the germinated seedlings is only 25.15%; the invention utilizes the low-concentration diluted seawater with different water levels combined by the seedling raising blocks and the nutrition bags to carry out sectional reinforced cultivation on the bottle flower and tree seedlings, thereby being beneficial to enhancing the salt resistance of the bottle flower and tree seedlings and obviously improving the survival rate of the bottle flower and tree seedlings.
Comparative example 3
The bottle flower and tree seedling raising method of endangered mangrove plants according to example 3 differs in that the seedling raising conditions are different: when 4-5 leaves grow out of the seedlings, filling the seedlings together with the seedling blocks into nutrition bags, placing the nutrition bags into a seedling tray, keeping diluted seawater with the depth of 2-3cm in the seedling tray, and controlling different shading rates:
comparative example 3-1: sunshade net is not used;
comparative example 3-2: the shading rate is 20-30%; the other steps are the same. Statistics of survival of germinated seedlings
The rates are shown in Table 3 below:
TABLE 3 Table 3
As can be seen from table 3 above, under the same conditions as the treatment with the stepwise low concentration diluted seawater, the control of different illumination conditions has an important effect on the survival rate of seedlings, the control of the excessively low shading rate easily limits the growth of seedlings, delays the growth, and the survival rate will be low.
Example 5
The bottle flower and tree seedling tending method of the endangered mangrove plant according to example 3 differs in that: in the step 5, when 4-5 leaves grow out of the seedlings, the seedlings and the seedling blocks are filled into a nutrition bag containing a nutrition matrix 2, the nutrition bag is placed into a seedling tray, 0.5% diluted seawater with the depth of 2-3cm is contained in the seedling tray, the shading rate is controlled to be 50-60%, fresh water is adopted to be dripped to the surface of the nutrition matrix 2 every day for the first week when the seedlings are transferred into the nutrition bag, the daily dripping amount is 25 ml/bag, and after the stem of a plant is lignified for 2 months, sun shading is removed; the follow-up steps are the same, the survival rate of the germinated seedlings is 46.23%, which shows that the seedlings are transferred into the nutrition bags for the first week, and the fresh water is dripped every day, so that the stress resistance of the seedlings is improved.
Example 6
The bottle flower and tree seedling tending method of the endangered mangrove plant according to example 3 differs in that: selecting a high tide zone weak wave area which can be periodically submerged by seawater, wherein the high tide level is submerged at 10-15cm at the bottom of a seedbed, the seawater salinity is below 15% as a mangrove nursery, and transferring the seedlings and nutrition bags into the mangrove nursery for hardening seedlings when the seedlings grow to more than 10 cm; in the seedling training process, tap water is not sprayed, and the survival rate of germinated seedlings is 40.08%.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A bottle flower and tree seedling tending method of endangered mangrove plants is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, seed treatment: mature seeds on flowers and plants in the collection bottle for 1-2 months are selected, and combined soaking sterilization treatment is carried out;
s2, seed germination: uniformly scattering the treated seeds on a seedbed, pouring fresh water every day, keeping the seedbed moist and free of water accumulation, and keeping the seedbed free of direct sunlight;
s3, culturing seedling blocks: when the height of the seedling is 0.4-0.6cm, transplanting the seedling and a seedling bed matrix of 0.4-0.5cm around the root into a seedling block containing a nutrition matrix 1, placing the seedling block into a seedling tray, keeping the seedling tray to contain diluted seawater with the depth of 0.5-1.0cm, culturing the seedling block of the flowers and the trees, and controlling the shading rate to be 50-60%;
s4, sterilizing and preventing diseases and insects: spraying mixed solution of bactericide and insecticide on the seedlings every 1-2 weeks, and stopping spraying the bactericide and the insecticide after the stems of the seedlings are lignified;
s5, seedling tending: when 4-5 leaves grow out of the seedling, the seedling and the seedling blocks are put into a nutrition bag containing a nutrition matrix 2, the nutrition bag is put into a seedling tray, diluted seawater with the depth of 2-3cm is kept in the seedling tray, the shading rate is controlled to be 50-60%, and after the stem of the plant is lignified for 2-3 months, the shading is removed;
s6, field seedling hardening: when the seedlings grow to more than 10cm, transferring the seedlings and the nutrition bags into a mangrove nursery for hardening the seedlings; the mangrove nursery is provided with a high tide zone weak wave zone which can be periodically submerged by seawater, wherein the high tide level is submerged at 10-15cm below the seedbed, and the seawater salinity is below 15%; in the seedling hardening process, fresh water is sprayed every day for 7-14 days, and when seedlings grow to more than 30cm, the seedlings are transplanted to field planting;
in the steps S3 and S5, the diluted seawater is prepared from sun-dried sea salt serving as a solute and tap water serving as a solution, wherein the mass concentration of the diluted seawater is 0.5%;
in the step S2, the seedbed is formed by mixing sea sand, laterite and peat soil according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1, and the thickness of the seedbed is 10-15cm;
in the step S3, the seedling raising blocks are formed by wrapping a nutrition matrix 1 by non-woven fabrics, wherein the nutrition matrix 1 is formed by peat moss with the height of 3-4cm, and the seedling raising blocks are subjected to high-pressure steam sterilization before transplanting;
in the step S5, the nutrition bag is made of degradable plastic, the diameter of the nutrition bag is 9-10cm, 3-4 holes with the diameter of 1cm are formed in the bottom of the nutrition bag, and the nutrition substrate 2 is prepared from peat moss, sea mud and sea sand with equal volumes.
2. The method for fostering bottle flowers and tree seedlings of endangered mangrove plants according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S5, in the first week of transferring the seedlings into the nutrition bags, fresh water is adopted to be dripped on the surface of the nutrition matrix 2 every day, the dripping amount per day is 20-30 ml/bag, and the shading rate is controlled to be 50-60%.
3. The method for fostering bottle flowers and tree seedlings of endangered mangrove plants according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the steps S2 and S6, the fresh water is tap water.
4. The method for fostering bottle flowers and tree seedlings of endangered mangrove plants according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S4, the bactericide is prepared by taking carbendazim as a solute and diluting seawater as a solution according to the mass ratio of 1:2000; the pesticide is prepared by using cyhalothrin as a solute and diluting sea salt water as a solution according to the mass ratio of 1-2:1000.
5. The method for fostering bottle flowers and tree seedlings of endangered mangrove plants according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S1, the soaking sterilization treatment is that 0.5% potassium permanganate solution is put for 10min, and then the soaked seeds are put into 300mg/L gibberellin solution for soaking for 3h, so that the treated seeds are obtained.
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