CN101822165B - Method for increasing seedling rate of hybrid pineapple seeds - Google Patents

Method for increasing seedling rate of hybrid pineapple seeds Download PDF

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CN101822165B
CN101822165B CN 201010178499 CN201010178499A CN101822165B CN 101822165 B CN101822165 B CN 101822165B CN 201010178499 CN201010178499 CN 201010178499 CN 201010178499 A CN201010178499 A CN 201010178499A CN 101822165 B CN101822165 B CN 101822165B
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seed
seedling
pineapple
hybrid
seeds
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CN101822165A (en
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窦美安
孙伟生
孙光明
吕玲玲
吴青松
张秀梅
刘胜辉
左雪冬
石伟琦
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South Subtropical Crops Research Institute CATAS
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for increasing the seedling rate of hybrid pineapple seeds. The method includes the following operation steps: (1) cleaning and disinfecting seeds; (2) pregerminating and culturing the seeds indoors; (3) transplanting seedlings into indoor nutrition trays; (4) transplanting the seedlings into fields. The specific method is as follows: the harvested or stored seeds are washed clean by flowing water, soaked in clean water and then disinfected, the disinfected hybrid pineapple seeds are spread in culture dishes, sterile water is used for keeping the seeds wet, and the seeds are cultured in a special sterile room; after germination, the hybrid pineapple seeds are cultured in light for 6 to 10 hours and then in the darkness for 14 to 18 hours, and when each seedling comes into three to five leaves and is 4cm to 6cm high, the seedlings are transplanted into the indoor nutrition trays; and when each hybrid pineapple seedling is 15cm to 20cm high and comes into twelve to sixteen leaves, the hybrid seedlings are transplanted into the fields. When the method is adopted, the seedling rate of the hybrid pineapple seeds can be increased to about 70 percent, and thereby the method provides reliable technical support for the growing of the hybrid pineapple seeds.

Description

A kind of method that improves seedling rate of hybrid pineapple seeds
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for seedling rate of hybrid pineapple seeds, be specifically related to a kind of method that improves seedling rate of hybrid pineapple seeds, belong to the seedling growing process field.
Background technology
Pineapple is the large tropical fruit (tree) in third place in the world, also is the seventh-largest fruit in the world.China's pineapple cultivated area in 2006 is 5.3 ten thousand hectares, and output is 89.06 ten thousand tons, and the output value is 8.79 hundred million yuan; 2007 is 5.5 ten thousand hectares, and output is 90.80 ten thousand tons, and the output value is 10.65 hundred million yuan (Ministry of Agriculture does in South Asia).Pineapple industry has become one of Important Economic pillar of getting rich the hot-zone.
It mainly is queen's class Bali kind of introducing in the past in 1558 that China produces the upper pineapple kind of using at present, accounts for more than 80% of area under cultivation, and yield and quality has now showed degradation.The degeneration single and kind property of kind seriously restricts China's pineapple industry and develops in a healthy way.
Pineapple is the perennial herb fruit tree, and is main by the vegetative reproduction seedling in the production.Pineapple is unreal from spending, and pollination is unreal or the rate of setting seeds is low between same kind or kind of the same type.The pineapple conventional cross-breeding adopts the Parents between different rice varieties to hybridize or distant hybridization, just might obtain a large amount of hybrid seeds.The kind skin hard and compact of pineapple seed, Seed imbibition is slow, and germination rate is low, germinate slowly (1~6 month), the phenomenon such as it is irregular to emerge.Its seed sprouting is very difficult, and nursery germination rate less than 10% has greatly limited the seed selection of New Variety for Pineapple.
China's pineapple breeding work starts from eighties of last century sixties, for the problem that pineapple hybridization seed seedling is difficult, planting percent is low, China scientific research personnel has done the research of some explorations, and the methods such as kind of a method, concentrated sulfuric acid infusion method, tissue cultivation of rubbing with the hands such as fine sand promote seed germination.Fine sand is rubbed kind of method with the hands to promoting the effect of pineapple hybridization seed germination not obvious; The concentrated sulfuric acid soaks the pineapple seed can effectively improve pineapple Seed germination rate, but sprouts a little less than rear some growth of seedling gesture, is difficult to survive, and final percentage of green plantlets is low; Tissue is cultivated and can effectively be solved the difficult and low problem of planting percent of pineapple hybridization seed germination, but takes a lot of work when organizing cultivation fee, needs simultaneously to solve the pollution problem in the incubation, and the problem of transplant survival.In general, fine sand is rubbed kind of a method planting percent with the hands and is lower than 30%, and concentrated sulfuric acid method for soaking seed planting percent is less than 50%, and the tissue cultivating and seedling planting percent is about 60%.
Because the pineapple hybridization seed germination is difficult, planting percent is low, thereby limit large batch of pineapple hybridization offspring's acquisition, had influence on the selection cross kind research of pineapple.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of seedling-cultivating method that improves seedling rate of hybrid pineapple seeds.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of seedling-cultivating method that improves seedling rate of hybrid pineapple seeds, its concrete operation step is as follows: (1) seed cleans, sterilization; (2) vernalization in the seed chamber, cultivation; (3) indoor nutrient discs is transplanted; (4) move into Field planting.Concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) seed cleans, sterilizes: the seed after gathering or the seed of storage, and place sandbag to rub, wash at flowing water, the residues such as pulp that adhere on the seed are cleaned up; The pineapple seed key words sorting of Different Cross Combinations, clear water were soaked 20-30 hour, seed absorb water imbibition, then disinfection: after seed soaks, drench and do, use first 75% alcohol disinfecting 8-12 minute, aseptic water washing 2-4 time; 0.1% mercuric chloride sterilization 25-35 minute, aseptic water washing 2-4 time, the seed after the sterilization is put in the clean culture dish for subsequent use;
(2) vernalization in the seed chamber, cultivation: the pineapple hybridization seed after the sterilization is tiled in the culture dish, thickness is 1 layer of seed, can not pile up, in order to avoid the harmful substance that produces in pollution and the seed germination, suppress other Seed germinations, culture dish places between special-purpose aseptic culture, and seed carries out 24-26 ℃ of constant temperature and secretly cultivates; The presprouting of seeds time starts from January December to next year, and seed germination is conducive to growth of seedling spring;
When the pineapple hybridization presprouting of seeds is cultivated, drip sterile water in the culture dish, keep that seed is moistening get final product, seed carries out sterile water wash 2-4 time every day, in time will pollute to choose with mouldy seed and remove; Cultivate in the seed category set that pollutes, the seed of moldy metamorphism abandons, and with serious pollution seed is sterilized again: aseptic water washing 2-4 time, pollutant is cleaned up, after soaking 25-35 minute with the nystatin solution of 400-600mg/l, drench and do, place clean culture dish to cultivate;
The pineapple seed culture is after 1 month, begin to sprout, the pineapple seed that same combination is sprouted is chosen, concentrate separately and cultivate, the germination seed that pollutes was processed 25-35 minute with the nystatin solution disinfection of 400-600mg/l, cultivated separately, and the seed of each combination is indicated hybrid combination and incubation time, the seed seedling that sprouts places light cultivation in 6-10 hour to add 14-18 hour dark the cultivation, under the condition of 22-28 ℃ of constant temperature culture.Treat that seedling grows to the 3-5 leaf, when 3-6cm is high, can carries out indoor nutrient discs and transplant;
(3) indoor nutrient discs is transplanted: the preparation of nutrient matrix: clean river sand+decomposed cow dung+thin matter peat soil, ratio is 1: 1: 1, sieve after mixing, dryness in the sun, autoclaving, kill worm's ovum etc., matrix after the sterilization is loaded on nutrient discs, and nutrient discs is the PVC hard disk, and the hole is arranged on the dish;
The pineapple seedling of indoor cultivation is colonizated in the nutrient discs, porose on the nutrient discs, a strain hybrid seedling is planted in every hole, nutrient discs places the glass greenhouse that can take shelter from rain, suitably keep the sun off with sunshade net in 15-20 days after transplanting, avoid the pineapple seedling to be exposed to the sun, in the week, squirt seedling and matrix with sprayer every morning after the field planting, the clear water spraying, matrix is drenched to be got final product, treat that seedling takes root, after beginning to grow young leaves, progressively remove sunshade net, the MS culture fluid nutrient solution that begins with 1/8 sprays seedling, sprays weekly 2 times.Other times still squirt seedling and matrix with clear water, and are fine, when temperature is higher, check the matrix soil moisture content, and during the matrix drought and water shortage, suitably moisturizing once; When it is cloudy or rainy, can spray water every other day once depending on the matrix appropriateness; The indoor seedling dish of pineapple hybrid seedling growing period carries out the extermination of disease and insect pest;
(4) move into Field planting: Pineapple Hybrid Seedlings grows to the 15-20cm height, during 12-16 sheet leaf, can carry out field transplanting; Prepare in the seedling field: every mu of ground applies fertilizer (decomposed cow dung) 800-1200kg, N, P, K composite fertilizer 80-120kg, after the uniform of application of seedling field, stir 2-4 time with rotovator, rake, Pineapple Hybrid Seedlings field planting seeding row spacing is: 30-50cm * 80-100cm, and line-spacing is wider, is beneficial to the field investigation of hybrid seedling; Dig shallow hole during field planting, seedling enters the hole together with matrix, and the earthing compacting in 6-8 days, is watered normal root water every day 1-2 time after the field planting, and rhizosphere soil waters and gets final product; Behind the pineapple seedling rooting, can pour water according to soil moisture content; Seedling growth stage is carried out weeding, ridging and the extermination of disease and insect pest.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows and utilize this technical method that seedling rate of hybrid pineapple seeds is brought up to about 70%, and the method provides reliable technical guarantee for the pineapple hybridization seed seedling-raising.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment the present invention is described in further details, these embodiment only are used for illustrating the present invention, do not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) seed cleans, sterilizes: the seed after gathering or the seed of storage, and place sandbag to rub, wash at flowing water, the residues such as pulp that adhere on the seed are cleaned up; The pineapple seed key words sorting of Different Cross Combinations, clear water were soaked 24 hours, seed absorb water imbibition, then disinfection: after seed soaks, drench and do; Used first 75% alcohol disinfecting 10 minutes, aseptic water washing 3 times; 0.1% mercuric chloride sterilization 30 minutes, aseptic water washing 3 times, the seed after the sterilization is put in the clean culture dish for subsequent use;
(2) vernalization in the seed chamber, cultivation: the pineapple hybridization seed after the sterilization is tiled in the culture dish, and thickness is 1 layer of seed, can not pile up, in order to avoid the harmful substance that produces in pollution and the seed germination suppresses other Seed germinations; Culture dish places between special-purpose aseptic culture, and seed carries out 25 ℃ of constant temperature and secretly cultivates; The presprouting of seeds time starts from January December to next year, and seed germination is conducive to growth of seedling spring;
When the pineapple hybridization presprouting of seeds is cultivated, drip sterile water in the culture dish, keep that seed is moistening to be got final product, seed carries out sterile water wash 3 times every day, in time will pollute and mouldy seed is chosen and removed, cultivate in the seed category set that pollutes, the seed of moldy metamorphism abandons, and with serious pollution seed is sterilized again: aseptic water washing 3 times, pollutant is cleaned up, after soaking 30 minutes with the nystatin solution of 500mg/l, drench and do, place clean culture dish to cultivate;
The pineapple seed culture is after 1 month, begin to sprout, the pineapple seed that same combination is sprouted is chosen, concentrated separately and cultivate, the germination seed of pollution was processed 30 minutes with the nystatin solution disinfection of 500mg/l, cultivate separately, the seed of each combination is indicated hybrid combination and incubation time, and the seed seedling of sprouting places 8 hours light to cultivate/16 hours dark cultivations, under the condition of 25 ℃ of constant temperature culture, treat that seedling grows to 4 leaves, when 5cm is high, can carries out indoor nutrient discs and transplant;
(3) indoor nutrient discs is transplanted: the preparation of nutrient matrix: clean river sand+decomposed cow dung+thin matter peat soil, ratio is 1: 1: 1, sieve after mixing, dryness in the sun, autoclaving, kill worm's ovum etc., matrix after the sterilization is loaded on nutrient discs, and nutrient discs is PVC hard square plate 58cm * 32cm, every dish 32 holes;
The pineapple seedling of indoor cultivation is colonizated in the nutrient discs, and a strain hybrid seedling is planted in every hole; The seedling dish places the glass greenhouse that can take shelter from rain, transplant in rear 20 days and suitably keep the sun off with sunshade net, avoid the pineapple seedling to be exposed to the sun, after the field planting in the week, squirt seedling and matrix with sprayer every morning, the clear water spraying, and matrix is drenched to be got final product, treat that seedling takes root, after beginning to grow young leaves, progressively remove sunshade net, the MS nutrient solution that begins with 1/8 sprays seedling, spray weekly 2 times, other times still squirt seedling and matrix with clear water, and are fine, when temperature is higher, check the matrix soil moisture content, during the matrix drought and water shortage, suitably moisturizing once; When it is cloudy or rainy, can spray water every other day once depending on the matrix appropriateness; The indoor seedling dish of pineapple hybrid seedling growing period carries out the extermination of disease and insect pest;
(4) move into Field planting: Pineapple Hybrid Seedlings grows to the 20cm height, during about 15 leaves, can carry out field transplanting; Prepare in the seedling field: every mu of ground applies fertilizer (decomposed cow dung) 1000kg, and N, P, K composite fertilizer 100kg are after the uniform of application, stir 2 times with rotovator, rake, Pineapple Hybrid Seedlings field planting seeding row spacing is: 50cm * 100cm, line-spacing is wider, is beneficial to the field investigation of hybrid seedling; Dig shallow hole during field planting, seedling enters hole, earthing compacting together with matrix; In 7 days, water normal root water every day once after the field planting, rhizosphere soil waters and gets final product, and behind the pineapple seedling rooting, can pour water according to soil moisture content, and seedling growth stage is carried out weeding, ridging and the extermination of disease and insect pest.
Embodiment 2
In February, 2009 is between south subtropics crop investigations institute laboratory building tissue is cultivated, pineapple hybridization seed to 6 combinations has carried out indoor Pregermination and seedling breeding test, each combined hybrid seed sprouting and seedling situation are: Thailand pineapple * very sweet, 26 of hybrid seeds, 19 of accumulative total germinative numbers, germination rate is 73.08%, seedling 18 strains, and planting percent is 69.23%; Cacaine * Thailand pineapple, 1234 of hybrid seeds, 1098 of accumulative total germinative numbers, germination rate is 88.98%, seedling 979 strains, planting percent is 79.34%; Cacaine * gold bores, 75 of hybrid seeds, and 55 of accumulative total germinative numbers, germination rate is 73.33%, seedling 52 strains, planting percent is 69.33%; Bali * cacaine, 601 of hybrid seeds, 455 of accumulative total germinative numbers, germination rate is 75.71%, seedling 438 strains, planting percent is 72.88%; Cacaine * Fresh Premium, 58 of hybrid seeds, 48 of accumulative total germinative numbers, germination rate is 82.76%, seedling 40 strains, planting percent is 68.97%; Cacaine * Bali, 3882 of hybrid seeds, 3054 of accumulative total germinative numbers, germination rate is 78.67%, seedling 3012 strains, planting percent is 77.59%.6 combined hybrid seed average germination percentage are 78.76%, and average planting percent is 72.89%.
Embodiment 3
Grind institute laboratory building tissue the south subtropics crop in December, 2009 and the pineapple hybridization seed of 4 combinations is carried out test of accelerating between cultivating, carry out hybrid in the insulating glass greenhouse and grow seedlings.Each combined hybrid seed sprouting and seedling situation are: Bali * Soft Touch, and 110 of hybrid seeds, 85 of accumulative total germinative numbers, germination rate is 77.27%, seedling 67 strains, planting percent is 60.91%; Cacaine * Thailand pineapple, 3753 of hybrid seeds, 3215 of accumulative total germinative numbers, germination rate is 85.66%, seedling 3041 strains, planting percent is 81.03%; Cacaine * stripping grain pineapple, 182 of hybrid seeds, 150 of accumulative total germinative numbers, germination rate is 82.42%, seedling 132 strains, planting percent is 72.53%; Cacaine * honey is precious, 18485 of hybrid seeds, and 16580 of accumulative total germinative numbers, germination rate is 89.69%, seedling 16219 strains, planting percent is 87.74%.4 combined hybrid seed average germination percentage are 83.76%, and average planting percent is 75.55%.
Embodiment 4
In January, 2010 is in plant protection seminar of south subtropics crop investigations institute glass quarantine greenhouse, and the pineapple hybridization seed of 4 combinations is carried out vernalization and seedling growth test.Each combined hybrid seed sprouting and seedling situation are: cacaine * Indonesia is stingless, 34 of hybrid seeds, and 27 of accumulative total germinative numbers, germination rate is 79.41%, seedling 21 strains, planting percent is 61.76%; Cacaine * Honey Bright, 65 of hybrid seeds, 61 of accumulative total germinative numbers, germination rate is 93.85%, seedling 59 strains, planting percent is 90.77%; Honey treasured * cacaine, 801 of hybrid seeds, 630 of accumulative total germinative numbers, germination rate is 78.65%, seedling 624 strains, planting percent is 70.90%; Guangdong is crisp * cacaine, and 5 of hybrid seeds, 3 of accumulative total germinative numbers, germination rate is 60.00%, seedling 3 strains, planting percent is 60.00%.4 combined hybrid seed average germination percentage are 77.98%, and average planting percent is 72.61%.
Embodiment 5
In February, 2010 is in plant protection seminar of south subtropics crop investigations institute glass quarantine greenhouse, and the pineapple hybridization seed of 4 combinations is carried out vernalization and seedling growth test.Each combined hybrid seed sprouting and seedling situation are: and Guangdong is crisp * and honey is precious, 1032 of hybrid seeds, 780 of accumulative total germinative numbers, germination rate is 75.58%, seedling 733 strains, planting percent is 71.03%; Pearl * honey is precious, 204 of hybrid seeds, and 154 of accumulative total germinative numbers, germination rate is 75.49%, seedling 134 strains, planting percent is 65.69%; Cacaine * FreshPremium, 304 of hybrid seeds, 298 of accumulative total germinative numbers, germination rate is 98.03%, seedling 294 strains, planting percent is 96.71%; Bali * cacaine, 32128 of hybrid seeds, 24168 of accumulative total germinative numbers, germination rate is 75.22%, seedling 23526 strains, planting percent is 73.23%.4 combined hybrid seed average germination percentage are 81.08%, and average planting percent is 76.67%.

Claims (9)

1. a method that improves seedling rate of hybrid pineapple seeds is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
(1) seed cleans, sterilizes: the seed after gathering or the seed of storage, rub, wash with flowing water, the residue that adheres on the seed is cleaned up, clear water soaked 20-30 hour, the seed imbibition that absorbs water, then disinfection, the seed after the sterilization is put in the clean culture dish for subsequent use;
(2) vernalization in the seed chamber, cultivation: the pineapple hybridization seed after the sterilization is tiled in the culture dish, drips sterile water in the culture dish, keeps seed moistening, and culture dish places between special-purpose aseptic culture and cultivates; When the pineapple hybridization presprouting of seeds is cultivated, seed carries out sterile water wash every day, until the pineapple seed culture after 1 month, the pineapple seed that same combination is sprouted is chosen, concentrate separately and cultivate, the germination seed that pollutes was processed 25-35 minute with the nystatin solution disinfection of 400-600mg/l, cultivate separately, the seed of each combination is carried out mark, then under the condition of 24-26 ℃ of constant temperature culture, the seed seedling that sprouts places 6-10 hour light to cultivate and secretly cultivated in 14-18 hour, treats that seedling grows to 3-5 sheet leaf, when 4-6cm is high, carries out indoor nutrient discs and transplant;
(3) indoor nutrient discs is transplanted: the matrix after will sterilizing is loaded in the nutrient discs, then the pineapple seedling of step (2) being cultivated is colonizated in the nutrient discs, nutrient discs places the greenhouse, suitably keep the sun off with sunshade net in 15-20 days after transplanting, avoid the pineapple seedling to be exposed to the sun, in the week, squirt seedling and matrix with sprayer every morning after the field planting, the clear water spraying, matrix is drenched, treat that seedling takes root, after beginning to grow young leaves, progressively remove sunshade net, begin to spray seedling with nutrient solution, spray weekly 2 times, still squirt seedling and matrix with clear water At All Other Times, guarantee the soil moisture content of matrix;
(4) move into Field planting: treat that Pineapple Hybrid Seedlings grows to the 15-20cm height, during 12-16 sheet leaf, carry out field transplanting, cross hybrid seedling in the field field planting, in 6-8 days, is watered normal root water every day 1-2 time after the field planting, behind the pineapple seedling rooting, pour water according to soil moisture content.
2. a kind of method that improves seedling rate of hybrid pineapple seeds according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described the disinfecting of step (1) refers to after seed soaks, and drenches and does, and uses first 75% alcohol disinfecting 8-12 minute, aseptic water washing 2-4 time; 0.1% mercuric chloride sterilization 25-35 minute is used aseptic water washing 2-4 time again.
3. a kind of method that improves seedling rate of hybrid pineapple seeds according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described tiling of step (2) thickness that refers to tile is 1 layer of seed, and hybrid seed is not piled up.
4. a kind of method that improves seedling rate of hybrid pineapple seeds according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described pineapple hybridization seed culture of step (2), hybrid seed carries out sterile water wash 2-4 time every day, in time will pollute and mouldy seed is chosen and removed, cultivate in the seed category set that pollutes, the seed of moldy metamorphism abandons, with serious pollution seed is sterilized again, with aseptic water washing 2-4 time, pollutant is cleaned up, nystatin solution with 400-600mg/L soaked 25-35 minute, drenched and did, and placed clean culture dish to cultivate.
5. a kind of method that improves seedling rate of hybrid pineapple seeds according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described matrix of step (3) be formulated as clean river sand: decomposed cow dung: thin matter peat soil=1: 1: 1, sieve after base starting material mixed, dryness in the sun, kills worm's ovum at autoclaving.
6. a kind of method that improves seedling rate of hybrid pineapple seeds according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: nutrient discs is the PVC hard disk, and the hole is arranged on the dish.
7. a kind of method that improves seedling rate of hybrid pineapple seeds according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described nutrient solution is 1/8 MS culture fluid.
8. a kind of method that improves seedling rate of hybrid pineapple seeds according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: prepare the seedling field before the field transplanting, every mu of seedling field applies ripe cow dung fertilizer 800-1200kg, N, P, K composite fertilizer 80-120kg after the uniform of application of seedling field, stir 2-4 time with rotovator, rake, Pineapple Hybrid Seedlings field planting seeding row spacing is: 30-50cm * 80-100cm, and line-spacing is wider, is beneficial to the field investigation of hybridization seedling; Dig shallow hole during field planting, seedling enters hole, earthing compacting together with matrix.
9. a kind of method that improves seedling rate of hybrid pineapple seeds according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described hybrid seed germination time starts from January December to next year, and seed germination is conducive to growth of seedling spring.
CN 201010178499 2010-05-14 2010-05-14 Method for increasing seedling rate of hybrid pineapple seeds Expired - Fee Related CN101822165B (en)

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CN114175976B (en) * 2021-11-18 2022-11-01 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 Method for improving germination rate of pineapple hybrid seeds
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