CN103329662B - Sowing and seedling raising method for grape hybrid seeds - Google Patents
Sowing and seedling raising method for grape hybrid seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN103329662B CN103329662B CN201310317372.2A CN201310317372A CN103329662B CN 103329662 B CN103329662 B CN 103329662B CN 201310317372 A CN201310317372 A CN 201310317372A CN 103329662 B CN103329662 B CN 103329662B
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Abstract
The invention provides a novel sowing and seedling raising method for grape hybrid seeds. The seeds are sown into a substrate module via a simple sprouting method, and the temperature and humidity conditions needed at seeds sprouting and seedling growth stages are controlled reasonably in combination with micro spray irrigation. Due to the adoption of the sowing and seedling raising method for grape hybrid seeds provided by the invention, the germination rate and seedling rate of the grade hybrid seeds are increased greatly. As proved by test and statistics of 3-5 years, the average germination rates of various grape hybrid seeds are over 80 percent, the survival rate of seedlings is over 70 percent before outplanting, and the requirement of seed selection of new varieties of grapes can be fully met.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to breeding field, specifically, relate to sowing and the seedling-cultivating method of Hybrid Grape seed.
Background technology
Crossbreeding is the main path of new grape variety seed selection, and the cultivation efficiency of hybrid seedling directly affects breeding efficiency.Due to the kind skin depth of grape seed, stricter to humidity and gas permeability requirements during germination, seed sprouting difficulty.
At present, about the sowing of Hybrid Grape seed and the research of seedling-cultivating method aspect or report less.For example, Hao Yan " different Hybrid Grapes and the comparison of true seed vernalization rate " (Hao Yan. different Hybrid Grapes and the comparison of true seed vernalization rate. China and foreign countries grape and wine, 2004 (4): 43-44) a kind of germination accelerating method of Hybrid Grape seed is disclosed in: the seed of low temperature lamination is taken out to afterwash, with after 0.1% disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate 3min, put into culture dish, on seed, cover wet filter paper, culture dish is put into the illumination box vernalization of 25 degrees Celsius, after seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, be seeded into land for growing field crops.And for example, Chai Juhua " different grape variety true seed germination rates and planting percent comparison " (Chai Juhua. different grape variety true seed germination rates and planting percent comparison. forest fruit in Hebei science and technology, 2005 (4): 366-368) the wet husky upper vernalization of seedling bed that is covered with heating wire by being placed on after clean the seed taking-up of low temperature lamination is disclosed in, wet husky thickness is 15cm, temperature remains on 25 DEG C, after seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, is seeded into land for growing field crops.For another example, (the Hao Yan such as Hao Yan, Wang Falin, Li Hongxu, Yang Rui, Zhang Yali, Lu Jiang. improve the research north gardening of Grape Breeding efficiency, 2007(7): 23-24) in 2007, a kind of method that improves Grape Breeding efficiency being disclosed: by the seed of low temperature lamination running water soaked overnight, screens out shrivelled exalbuminose seed.2d takes out 500 times of thiophanate methyl immersion treatment 5-10min seed for, pulls out and is placed on wet towel, and lid layer wet gauze on seed, puts room temperature vernalization, checks the humidity 1 time of seed and towel every day, and seed is sowed after ftractureing and showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally.But above-mentioned three kinds of methods are all vernalization in wet sand, only have after seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally and could sow, if seed amount is various, need to check at any time the seed situation that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, therefore process is more loaded down with trivial details.And, in prior art, be all that seed is directly seeded in to land for growing field crops, the bad assurance of Temperature and Humidity Control in growth of seedling stage, and equipment and place all be there are certain requirements.All in all, germination rate and the planting percent of the Hybrid Grape seed of employing said method are unsatisfactory, are difficult to meet the requirement of new grape variety seed selection.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide sowing and the seedling-cultivating method of a set of complete Hybrid Grape seed through improvement.
In order to realize the object of the invention, the sowing of Hybrid Grape seed of the present invention and seedling-cultivating method, comprise the following steps: the grape fruit 1) obtaining by cross method, make it fully ripe on tree body, until pulp is gathered before occurring rotting (generally can than the late 1-2 of adopting of normal mature month), fruit is placed in to shady and cool dry place and preserves, enter taking-up hybrid seed before the winter, rub with towel or tissue-wrapped seed, remove the wax coat wrapping up on residue on the surface of the seed and seed coat.2) earthing of seeds: after seed is cleaned and dried, mix with the wet sand of 4-5 times of volume, the humidity of sand is pinched with hand can be agglomerating, and hand pine can scatter and be advisable, will mix seed-bearing wet sand and be placed in mesh bag (as nylon net bag), carry out lamination at 3-5 DEG C.3) after presprouting of seeds: earthing of seeds 55-65 days (60 days), the seed of lamination is taken out, after cleaning, be laid on pallet, on seed, cover absorbent cotton or wet gauze that one deck suctions water, then seal pallet with preservative film, be placed in greenhouse by solar heat and carry out vernalization, keep warm indoor temperature between 20-25 DEG C.4) sowing: in the time that the seed of vernalization has 50% above seed coat cracking, start sowing, seed tip is put into the groove of matrix module down, then in matrix module, cover the vermiculite that 0.5-1.0cm is thick, after planting with the carbendazim solution of dilution (to the water that adds 500-1000 times of weight in powder of carbendazim, mix and get final product) irrigate, the cave dish that fills matrix module is placed in the flat furrow of greenhouse by solar heat, cave dish is put into 3 × 12 matrix, in matrix, place three mini sprinklers, one of them mini sprinkler is positioned at matrix central authorities, two other mini sprinkler is longitudinally respectively in the both sides of central mini sprinkler along matrix, and equidistantly put with matrix edge, do not do as standard and spray water taking matrix module, spray water 1-2 every day.5) grow seedlings: after seed sprouting, greenhouse temperature is controlled between 25-30 DEG C, spray water 1-2 every day, not dry as standard taking matrix module, weed a garden in time between during development of the seedling, in the time growing 2-4 sheet true leaf, can transplant.
Wherein, the main component of the matrix module using in step 4) is peat, there is the groove of a mung bean size in the central authorities of described matrix module for holding seed, and each cave hole size of block size and cave dish is suitable, before sowing, matrix module water or low concentration wide-spectrum bactericide are soaked to 1-2 days, after module fully absorbs water, put it in the dish of cave.
The present invention has the following advantages:
The present invention uses simple germination accelerating method, and seed is broadcast in matrix module, waters in conjunction with micro-spray, rationally controls seed sprouting and required temperature and humidity conditions of growth of seedling stage.Through test and the statistics of 3-5, the germination rate of various Hybrid Grapes combination seeds is on average all more than 80%, and seedling goes out survival rate before garden more than 70%.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is in the embodiment of the present invention 1 in the flat furrow in greenhouse by solar heat, and cave dish is put into 3 × 12 matrix, the position of putting three mini sprinklers in matrix.
Embodiment
Following examples are used for illustrating the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.If do not specialize, the conventional means that in embodiment, technological means used is well known to those skilled in the art, the raw materials used commercial goods that is.
The matrix module using in following examples is purchased from purchased from Beijing, green along former economic crops Technew SA, (module is cuboid, cross section is square, length of side 40mm, high 70mm), coil purchased from Hebei Wenan County three and plastic products factory in cave, and micro-nozzle is purchased from Beijing standing grain allusion quotation gardening development in science and technology Co., Ltd.
Sowing and the seedling-cultivating method of embodiment 1 Hybrid Grape seed
The present embodiment carries out in the greenhouse by solar heat of Inst. of Forestry & Fruit Tree, Beijing City Academy of Agricultural &. Forestry and experimental field.
In September, 2010 is after hybridizing grape fruit maturation, it is continued on tree body ripe, until the pulp hybrid seed of gathering while being about to rot, fruit is placed in to shady and cool dry place, strip seed December, wrapping up seed with towel rubs, the wax coat wrapping up on residue on removal seed and seed coat, thoroughly remove the residue in core ditch with toothbrush and fine needle, rub with scale removal process in note seed coat not being staved, in order to avoid bacterium and fungi are infected the embryo of kind of intracutaneous from rent, reject flat seed and rotten seed.
Seed is rinsed well and dried, the clean river sand of seed and 4-5 times of volume is mixed, the humidity of river sand is pinched with hand can be agglomerating, hand pine can scatter and be advisable, to mix seed-bearing wet sand and pack in nylon net bag, be placed in lamination under the low temperature of 3-5 DEG C, and note checking the dry wet situation of sand and have or not the plague of rats.
March next year or earthing of seeds are after 60 days, the seed of lamination is taken out, after wash clean, be laid on a pallet, allow seed not superpose as far as possible, on seed, cover the absorbent cotton of one deck water suction, then seal pallet with preservative film, be placed in greenhouse by solar heat and carry out vernalization, keep warm indoor temperature between 20-25 DEG C.
The size of the matrix module that sowing is used is just in time suitable with each cave hole size of cave dish, and the upper surface center position of module digs the groove of an about mung bean size for placing seed, and the main component of module is peat.Prior to seeding clear water for module or low concentration wide-spectrum bactericide liquid are soaked to 1-2 days, again module is put into cave dish after requiring module fully to suction moisture.
Seed coat cracking after seed water suction, in the time that the seed of vernalization has 50% above seed coat cracking, start sowing, seed tip is put into the groove of module down, then in module, cover the vermiculite that 0.5-1.0cm is thick, after planting irrigate with the carbendazim solution (, adding the water of 500-1000 times of weight to prepare the solution obtaining in the carbendazol wettable powder of commercially available acquisition) of 500-1000 times of liquid.Sow and grow seedlings in April, 2011 in greenhouse by solar heat, adopt the cave dish in 50 caves, in greenhouse smooth go out a vacant lot, the cave dish of sowing is set, the long edge East and West direction of cave dish is put, minor face is put along north-south, form 3 × 12 matrix, then micro-nozzle is installed, in the dish matrix of cave, place three mini sprinklers, one of them mini sprinkler is positioned at matrix central authorities, and two other mini sprinkler is longitudinally respectively in the both sides of central mini sprinkler along matrix, and equidistantly puts into position as shown in Figure 1 with matrix edge.
According to humidity situation, spray water 1-2 every day, and each water spraying time is about 1-5min, not dry as standard taking matrix module.Before sprouting, injection flow rate wants sufficient.Sprout the later stage and seedling stage the water yield unsuitable excessive.In little seedling stage, main attention is controlled humidity well, requires the matrix module can not overdrying, obviously seeing while having space between the dish of module and cave and will spray water in time or pour water, and in time space is filled with river sand, can not allow root system outside exposed, otherwise seedling just can dry up very soon.If find can transplant in the time that seedling grows to 2-4 sheet true leaf in the seedling stage.Sowing number, germination rate and planting percent are added up in table 1.
Table 1 Hybrid Grape planting seed number, germination rate and planting percent statistics
As known from Table 1, adopt sowing and the seedling-cultivating method of Hybrid Grape seed provided by the invention, greatly improved germination rate and the planting percent of Hybrid Grape seed.Through test and the statistics of 3-5, on average all more than 80% (in prior art, the germination rate of Hybrid Grape seed is about 50% or following) of the germination rate of various Hybrid Grapes combination seeds, seedling goes out survival rate before garden more than 70%, can meet the requirement of new grape variety seed selection completely.
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the sowing of Hybrid Grape seed and seedling-cultivating method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) gathering and pretreatment of seed: the grape fruit obtaining by cross method, make it fully ripe on tree body, until pulp is gathered before occurring rotting, fruit is placed in to shady and cool dry place to be preserved, before entering the winter, take out hybrid seed, rub with towel or tissue-wrapped seed, remove the wax coat wrapping up on residue on the surface of the seed and seed coat;
2) earthing of seeds: after seed is cleaned and dried, mix with the wet sand of 4-5 times of volume, the humidity of sand is pinched with hand can be agglomerating, and hand pine can scatter and be advisable, will mix seed-bearing wet sand and be placed in mesh bag, carry out lamination at 3-5 DEG C;
3) after presprouting of seeds: earthing of seeds 55-65 days, the seed of lamination is taken out, after cleaning, be laid on pallet, on seed, cover absorbent cotton or the wet gauze of one deck water suction, then seal pallet with preservative film, be placed in greenhouse by solar heat and carry out vernalization, keep warm indoor temperature between 20-25 DEG C;
4) sowing: in the time that the seed of vernalization has 50% above seed coat cracking, start sowing, seed tip is put into the groove of matrix module down, then in matrix module, cover the vermiculite that 0.5-1.0cm is thick, after planting irrigate with the carbendazim solution of dilution, the cave dish that fills matrix module is placed in the flat furrow of greenhouse by solar heat, cave dish is put into 3 × 12 matrix, in matrix, place three mini sprinklers, one of them mini sprinkler is positioned at matrix central authorities, two other mini sprinkler is longitudinally respectively in the both sides of central mini sprinkler along matrix, and equidistantly put with matrix edge, do not do as standard and spray water taking matrix module, spray water 1-2 every day,
5) grow seedlings: after seed sprouting, greenhouse temperature is controlled between 25-30 DEG C, spray water 1-2 every day, not dry as standard taking matrix module, weed a garden in time between during development of the seedling, in the time growing 2-4 sheet true leaf, can transplant;
Wherein, step 4) in the main component of the matrix module that uses be peat, there is the groove of a mung bean size in the central authorities of described matrix module for holding seed, and each cave hole size that coil in block size and cave is suitable;
Before sowing, matrix module water or low concentration wide-spectrum bactericide are soaked to 1-2 days, after module fully absorbs water, put it in the dish of cave.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that step 3) in after 60 days, carry out vernalization until earthing of seeds.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that step 4) in the preparation method of carbendazim solution that uses be: to the water that adds 500-1000 times of weight in powder of carbendazim, mix and get final product.
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| CN201310317372.2A CN103329662B (en) | 2013-07-25 | 2013-07-25 | Sowing and seedling raising method for grape hybrid seeds |
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| CN103782786B (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2016-05-25 | 山东省潍坊市农业科学院 | The selection of the large grain of a kind of extremely early mature grape |
| CN104996265A (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2015-10-28 | 陆珍凤 | Grape cultivation method |
| CN105230436A (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2016-01-13 | 全椒县荣昌葡萄种植专业合作社 | Artificial method for cultivating seedlings of grape seeds |
| CN105230172A (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2016-01-13 | 全椒县荣昌葡萄种植专业合作社 | Method for raising grape seedlings in matrix |
| CN105230435A (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2016-01-13 | 全椒县荣昌葡萄种植专业合作社 | Method for planting grape |
| CN105265277A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-01-27 | 芜湖格林美提子生态园有限公司 | Method for cultivating grapes |
| CN105709898B (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2018-06-29 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | A kind of method for obtaining Hybrid Grape fruit and seed |
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| CN106069535A (en) * | 2016-07-03 | 2016-11-09 | 河北省农林科学院石家庄果树研究所 | A kind of method improving seed of Fructus Vitis viniferae planting percent |
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| CN107371458A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-11-24 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院葡萄与葡萄酒研究所 | A kind of sand storage method for improving grape seed germination rate |
| CN109380054B (en) * | 2018-12-02 | 2021-05-04 | 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所 | Novel method for breeding hybrid grape seeds |
| CN113924919A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2022-01-14 | 曲水县才纳乡国家现代农业示范区管理委员会 | Method for domesticating and planting wine grapes in plateau area |
| CN114762472A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2022-07-19 | 北京林业大学 | Method for germinating vitis amurensis seeds and application thereof |
| CN118000049A (en) * | 2024-04-02 | 2024-05-10 | 中国农业大学 | Method for improving anthocyanin content of wine grape by micro-spraying mist |
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