CN110679465B - Transplanting method of red fiber shrimp seaweeds - Google Patents
Transplanting method of red fiber shrimp seaweeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN110679465B CN110679465B CN201811475633.2A CN201811475633A CN110679465B CN 110679465 B CN110679465 B CN 110679465B CN 201811475633 A CN201811475633 A CN 201811475633A CN 110679465 B CN110679465 B CN 110679465B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
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Abstract
A transplanting method of red fiber shrimp seaweeds is characterized in that a 'poverty-declining growth' strategy of plants is utilized, female small patches of the red fiber shrimp seaweeds with roots fixed on rock reefs are collected in autumn and placed in a string bag with a special structure, the roots of the plants are suspended in water, the natural fixation growth state of the plants is released, the poverty-declining growth of the roots is promoted, a large amount of new small root hairs grow out in a short time, then the new small root hairs are transported to a transplanted sea area, the plant patches are tied on stones and placed in a low tide area of a low tide area or a low tide area of a tidal zone of the transplanted sea area, and the new roots can be fixed and grow on the transplanted stones. The invention utilizes the 'leanness growth' strategy of plants and the natural growth rule that the red fiber shrimp seaweed clone grows in large quantity in late autumn to early winter, thereby achieving the high success rate of red fiber shrimp seaweed transplantation under the conditions of small damage to seed source, low cost and low labor intensity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of seaweed transplantation, and relates to a method for transplanting red fiber shrimp seaweeds.
Background
Red fiber shrimp seaweed (Phyllospaadix iwantensis) is a marine seed plant belonging to the genera Zosteraceae (Zosteraceae) and Cystodina (Phyllospaadix), and is a male and female heterotype, and is distributed on the bottom coast of rock reef in northern hemisphere. The rhizomes are thick and short, are creeping, have the diameter of about 5 mm, have internodes of 1-5 mm, each node has 1 leaf; the 2 fibrous roots with the expanded tail ends and the dense rooting hairs increase the contact area between the fibrous roots and the reef bottom and enhance the fixation capacity on the reef bottom. The leaves are intergrown, the shape of the leaves is linear, the length of the leaves changes with the change of seasons, the length can reach 100 cm in summer, the length can be as short as 20cm in winter, and the width of the leaves is 1-3 mm.
The red fiber shrimp and seaweed are distributed in the rock low-lying positions of shallow water areas from intertidal zones to under-tidal zones, the large population is formed by combining a plurality of small population patches which are distributed discretely, male patches in the population are few, and a small amount of seawater is still accumulated in the distributed low-lying positions after the tide subsides, so that the dry exposure of the large population is guaranteed. Has two reproduction modes of clone growth and sexual reproduction, wherein the clone growth can occur all year round, but the clone growth is in a peak period from late autumn to early winter and spring, and the sexual reproduction period is 3-7 months.
The red fiber shrimp seaweed is widely distributed in Shandong, Hebei and Liaoning coastal areas in China, and is the dominant species of rock coast seaweed farms. Like Zostera marina (Zostera marina) meadows, red fiber shrimp seaweed meadows also have vital ecological functions: purifying water quality, providing juvenile and habitat for marine organisms such as fish, shrimp and shellfish, maintaining the diversity of offshore organisms, fixing carbon sources and the like. Therefore, in the sea grass field, the biological diversity is high, the structure of the ecological system is stable, and the system output is large, so that the sea cucumbers and other valuable marine products in the yellow Bohai sea area, the red-fiber shrimp seaweed grass field and the zostera marina field in China have high yield and good quality, and are favored by consumers in the market though the price is high.
In natural sea areas, sea cucumbers generally inhabit rocky reefs or the combination parts of riprap and mud shoals in intertidal zones and under-tidal zones, particularly, the back flow of the reef is quite static, and more shelters are gathered at shelters and clusters of seaweed and seaweed, benthos on the reef is good bait, and the seaweed provide shelters for the reef. When the sea cucumbers are artificially cultured, in order to simulate the natural environment of the life of the sea cucumbers, artificial simulated reef (such as tiles, stones, scallop cages or other artificial attachment bases) is also put into the sea cucumber culture pond to increase the hidden places of the sea cucumbers and promote the growth of plants such as seaweeds, seaweed and the like, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the inhabitation and ingestion environment of the sea cucumbers. Therefore, in order to improve the yield and quality of the sea cucumbers cultured in natural sea areas and ponds, putting artificial simulated reef becomes an extremely key facility in the sea cucumber propagation and culture.
The red fiber shrimp seaweed population declines sharply in the coastal areas of China in nearly two decades due to offshore eutrophication and the like. Therefore, the field population needs to be protected and restored, and the field population grows on the surface of the rock reef, so that the small patch can be transplanted on artificial simulated sea reefs such as stones and tiles in a growing mode, and if the technology is possible, the red fiber shrimp seaweed can be transplanted in a ginseng pond and a natural sea area. However, no report about the transplantation of the red fiber shrimp seaweed grassland is found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a low-cost, simple-operation and effective red fiber shrimp seaweed transplanting method which is characterized in that a 'leanness growth' strategy of plants is utilized (namely when certain resources in a habitat are limited, the plants can increase the growth investment of organs or tissues absorbed or utilized by the resources), small patches of red fiber shrimp seaweed plants with roots fixed on rock reefs are collected and placed in a net bag with a special structure, the roots of the plants are suspended in water, the natural fixation growth state of the plants is relieved, the leanness growth of the roots is promoted (namely, a large amount of new small root hairs grow out from the roots in a short time), then the roots are transported to a transplanted sea area to be transplanted, and the new roots can be fixed and grow on transplanted stones quickly.
Further, the collection mode of the small plaques of the red fiber shrimp seaweed plants is as follows: in autumn, female plant patches of red fiber shrimp seaweed of 10cm × 10cm size were taken from the seed plot, and the plant patches were carefully shoveled from the rock with iron shack to ensure that the roots were not damaged.
Further, the structure of the net bag is as follows: the net bag is bottomless, and a circular iron wire bottom plate is fixed at the bottom of the net bag; the side length of the mesh of the net bag is 1cm, and the material is polyethylene nylon; the diameter of the iron wire bottom plate is 50cm, the iron wire bottom plate is net-shaped, the diameter of the iron wire is 4mm, and the aperture of the bottom plate is 4cm multiplied by 4 cm.
Further, the specific method for placing the plant small blocks which are shoveled down into the net bag comprises the following steps: each small patch plant occupies one mesh of the wire bottom plate of the net bag, a space mesh is arranged between adjacent plant patches, the root and stem part of each patch plant is left in the net bag, the leaves of each patch plant penetrate out of the mesh and are exposed outside the net bag, after the plant patches are arranged according to the arrangement method, the upper surface of the net bag is tightly tied to the root and stem part of the plant, and the small patch plants are hung in the sea area on the spot.
Further, the specific manner of transplantation is as follows: after 15 days, plant plaques in the net bag are taken out, a large amount of fine root hairs grow out of the roots of the plant plaques, the plant plaques are transported to a transplanted sea area, each plaque is bound in the middle of a stone with the size of 15cm multiplied by 20cm through a hemp rope, the surface of the stone is cleaned up, the hemp rope is tied to the bottom of the stone, and the stone is placed under water.
Further, in the transplanted sea area, the transplanted plant patch is tied on the stone block and placed in the shallow water area of the sub-tidal zone or the low tide area of the intertidal zone.
The invention has the technical effects that: the 'poverty-oriented growth' strategy of the plants is fully utilized, the fixation growth state of the roots of the red fiber shrimp seaweeds is artificially released, the roots of the red fiber shrimp seaweeds are promoted to grow in a large amount in a short time, the contact area of the roots on the transplanted stone blocks is increased, and the transplanted plant plaques can be fast fixed on the stone blocks and are not easy to fall off; the peak period of the red fiber shrimp algae clone growth is from late autumn to early winter and spring, and a large amount of clone seedlings are emitted after the red fiber shrimp algae are transplanted in autumn, so that the new field can be occupied by plants; the root and stem parts with grown plaques are combined compactly, so that the small plaques are not damaged during hanging; only female plants are transplanted, so that male plants in a seed source area are protected; the net bag is simple to manufacture and low in cost. Therefore, the invention utilizes the 'leanness growth' strategy of the plant and the natural growth rule that the red fiber shrimp seaweed clone grows in large quantity in late autumn to early winter, thereby achieving the high success rate of red fiber shrimp seaweed transplantation under the conditions of small damage to seed source, low cost and low labor intensity.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example 1:
(1) obtaining the plaques of the female plants of the red fiber shrimp algae: taking 10cm x 10cm red fiber shrimp seaweed female plant patches at the rock coast of the Weihai double island bay in 9 months and 10 months in 2017 in autumn, taking 15 patches each time, carefully shoveling the plant patches from the rock by using an iron shovel to ensure that the roots of the plant patches are not damaged;
(2) root growth induction: the step is carried out in a net bag, and the structure of the net bag is as follows: the net bag is bottomless, and a circular iron wire bottom plate is fixed at the bottom of the net bag; the side length of the mesh of the net bag is 1cm, and the material is polyethylene nylon; the diameter of the iron wire bottom plate is 50cm, the iron wire bottom plate is net-shaped, the diameter of the iron wire is 4mm, and the aperture of the bottom plate is 4cm multiplied by 4 cm. Placing the small plant patches shoveled in the step (1) into a net bag, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps: each small patch plant occupies one mesh of the wire bottom plate of the net bag, a space mesh is arranged between adjacent plant patches, the root and stem part of each patch plant is left in the net bag, the leaves of each patch plant penetrate out of the mesh and are exposed outside the net bag, after the plant patches are arranged according to the arrangement method, the upper surface of the net bag is tightly tied to the root and stem part of the plant, and the patch plants are hung in the sea area on site;
(3) transplanting: after 15 days, taking out the plant patches in the net bag, wherein a large amount of fine root hairs grow on the roots, the root hairs of the 9-month group and the 10-month group do not have big difference in growth, transporting the plant patches to a sea area which is 500m far and is free of seaweed sediment substrate, binding each patch in the middle of a stone block with the size of 15cm multiplied by 20cm by a hemp rope, cleaning the surface of the stone block, binding the stone block with the plant patches at the bottom of the stone block, placing the stone block in a shallow water zone under the tide, and arranging the stone block interval at 30 cm;
(4) and (4) survival rate inspection: according to the investigation and measurement of 6-month menstruation field in 2018, the survival rate of the 9-month group and the survival rate of the 10-month group are respectively 88.9% and 84.6%, and the plaque area amplification is respectively 63.5% and 57.1%.
Comparative example 1:
(1) obtaining the plaques of the female plants of the red fiber shrimp algae: same as step (1) in example 1;
(2) root growth induction: the same procedure as in step (2) of example 1;
(3) transplanting: the stone placing area in the step (3) in the example 1 is changed into a low tide area of an intertidal zone, and other steps are the same as the step (3) in the example 1;
(4) and (4) survival rate inspection: according to the investigation and measurement of 6-month menstruation field in 2018, the survival rate of the 9-month group and the survival rate of the 10-month group are respectively 79.3% and 79.6%, and the plaque area amplification is respectively 42.2% and 35.4%.
Comparative example 2:
(1) obtaining the plaques of the female plants of the red fiber shrimp algae: same as step (1) in example 1;
(2) root growth induction: the same procedure as in step (2) of example 1;
(3) transplanting: the stone placing area in the step (3) in the example 1 is changed into the midtide area of the intertidal zone, and other steps are the same as the step (3) in the example 1;
(4) and (4) survival rate inspection: according to the investigation and measurement of 6-month menstruation field in 2018, the survival rate of the 9-month group and the survival rate of the 10-month group are 52.8% and 49.0% respectively, and the plaque area amplification is 19.5% and 16.8% respectively.
Comparative example 3:
(1) obtaining the plaques of the female plants of the red fiber shrimp algae: the time in step (1) in example 1 was changed to 3 months, 4 months and 5 months in 2018 spring, and the other steps were the same as in step (1) in example 1;
(2) root growth induction: the same procedure as in step (2) of example 1;
(3) transplanting: after 15 days, the plants in the string bag were removed and new hairs were found in the roots of all 3 groups, but the new hairs were found to be less pronounced than in example 1. Placing the plant patches into a plastic bag, transporting the plastic bag to a transplanted sea area (same as example 1), binding each patch in the middle of a stone block with the size of 15cm multiplied by 20cm by using a hemp rope, cleaning the surface of the stone block, binding the hemp rope at the bottom of the stone block, and placing the stone block bound with the shrimp and seaweed in a sub-tidal zone;
(4) and (4) survival rate inspection: according to the investigation and measurement of 10-month menstruation field in 2018, the survival rates of the 3-month group, the 4-month group and the 5-month group are respectively 22.7%, 31.7% and 13.8%, the areas of the surviving plaques are not expanded, and the reduction rates are respectively 40%, 33% and 60%.
Claims (6)
1. A transplanting method of red fiber shrimp seaweeds is characterized in that a 'poverty-declining growth' strategy of plants is utilized, small patches of the red fiber shrimp seaweeds with roots fixed on rock reefs are collected and placed in a net bag, the roots of the plants are suspended in water, the natural fixation growth state of the plants is relieved, the poverty-declining growth of the roots is promoted, a large amount of new root hairs grow out of the roots in a short time, then the roots are transported to a transplanted sea area to be transplanted, and the new roots can be fixed and grow on transplanted stones quickly.
2. The method for transplanting red fiber shrimp seaweeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the collection of plant small plaques is as follows: in autumn, female plant patches of red fiber shrimp seaweed of 10cm × 10cm size were taken from the seed plot, and the plant patches were carefully shoveled from the rock with iron shack to ensure that the roots were not damaged.
3. The method for transplanting red fiber shrimp seaweed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the net bag has a structure of: the net bag is bottomless, and a circular iron wire bottom plate is fixed at the bottom of the net bag; the side length of the mesh of the net bag is 1cm, and the material is polyethylene nylon; the diameter of the iron wire bottom plate is 50cm, the iron wire bottom plate is net-shaped, the diameter of the iron wire is 4mm, and the aperture of the bottom plate is 4cm multiplied by 4 cm.
4. The transplanting method of red fiber shrimp seaweed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific method of placing the plant small patch in the net bag is: each small patch plant occupies one mesh of the wire bottom plate of the net bag, a space mesh is arranged between adjacent plant patches, the root and stem part of each patch plant is left in the net bag, the leaves of each patch plant penetrate out of the mesh and are exposed outside the net bag, after the plant patches are filled according to the method, the upper surface of the net bag is tightly tied to the root and stem part of the plant, and the plant patches are hung in the sea area on the spot.
5. The method for transplanting the red fiber shrimp seaweeds as claimed in the claim 1, wherein the specific mode of transplanting is as follows: after 15 days, plant plaques in the net bag are taken out, a large amount of fine root hairs grow out of the roots of the plant plaques, the plant plaques are transported to a transplanted sea area, each plaque is bound in the middle of a stone with the size of 15cm multiplied by 20cm through a hemp rope, the surface of the stone is cleaned up, the hemp rope is tied to the bottom of the stone, and the stone is placed under water.
6. A method as claimed in claim 1 or 5, wherein the stone is placed in the shallow water or low tide region of the intertidal zone in the sea area to be transplanted.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102138510A (en) * | 2010-11-26 | 2011-08-03 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Simple and convenient zostera marina L. seaweed bed ecological restoration system |
| CN102138511A (en) * | 2010-12-24 | 2011-08-03 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Method and device for transplanting zostera marina L. |
| CN103141371A (en) * | 2013-04-08 | 2013-06-12 | 广东海洋大学 | Transplanting and cultivating method for gulfweed on rock |
| CN103651095A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2014-03-26 | 安徽理工大学 | Large-scale seaweed seedling culturing and transplanting method |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102138510A (en) * | 2010-11-26 | 2011-08-03 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Simple and convenient zostera marina L. seaweed bed ecological restoration system |
| CN102138511A (en) * | 2010-12-24 | 2011-08-03 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Method and device for transplanting zostera marina L. |
| CN103141371A (en) * | 2013-04-08 | 2013-06-12 | 广东海洋大学 | Transplanting and cultivating method for gulfweed on rock |
| CN103651095A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2014-03-26 | 安徽理工大学 | Large-scale seaweed seedling culturing and transplanting method |
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Granted publication date: 20210504 Termination date: 20211204 |