JP2002171854A - Method and tool for raising perennial marine alga - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To constitute a submarine forest and to raise a fishing ground by culturing sea oak and sea trumpet and adhering sea oak and sea trumpet to a precast concrete armor unit, or the like. SOLUTION: Seed and seedling of sea oak and sea trumpet are raised in another place beforehand and the raised seed and seedling are transplanted in a bottom substrate in the sea at a proper period to constitute a submarine forest. Firstly, zoospores are adhered to string-like bodies, the string-like bodies are laid under proper conditions to grow the seed and seedling of sea oak, or the like, on the string-like bodies, the like-like bodies provided with the grown seed and seedling of sea oak, or the like, are fixed to a flat plate and the flat plate is fixed to a bottom substrate in the sea. Consequently, sea oak, or the like, stretch rhizoids on the flat plate, then the rhizoids are spread to the bottom substrate and largely rooted to grow sea oak, or the like, as a mother stock. Since zoospores are released from the mother stock of grown sea oak, or the like, sea oak, or the like, are proliferated to form a submarine forest. On the other hand, the flat plate decays with time and is returned to the nature.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for growing perennial seaweeds for forming underwater forests by actively growing perennial seaweeds such as alame and scallop on underwater concrete and bedrock.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Although structures such as breakwaters are artificial reefs, they are good fishing grounds for fish and shellfish such as abalone depending on conditions. One of the conditions is that seaweeds that feed on fish and shellfish grow. Important seaweeds grown on the coast are alame and squid.

[0003] Alame and squid are seaweeds of the brown alga Laminariaceae family distributed along the coast from Honshu to Kyushu. Since seaweed is one year old, the life of the alga body is about 6 to 8 months, whereas alame is perennial, and the life of the alga body is several years, which is the longest life among seaweeds. The body shape in the first year is a sasa leaf shape, and after the second year it splits into two near the base. Alame settles on the reef and on the side wall, approximately 10m from the low tide line
It grows on the bottom of the sea and forms an underwater forest. Kajime also has a growth pattern similar to Alame, but about 15m from the low tide line
It grows on the ocean floor.

[0004] A marine forest in which a group of alame and scallop grows is a good breeding place for fish and shellfish. For example, alame feeds on abalones and turtles. The marine forest in which arme and squid are clustered in this way is important for fisheries because it provides a space for fish and shellfish to grow.

[0005]

However, there is a risk that such important marine forests will be lost. For example, when laying a wave-dissipating block such as a tetrapod in coastal development, existing marine forests may be damaged and lost. Also, when laying a wave-dissipating block in a place where there is no original submarine forest, it is not known whether the submarine forest will grow in this place.

[0006] On the other hand, a phenomenon called iso-yake may occur. Iso-yaki is a large seaweed that forms seaweed beds, such as the seaweeds, kelp and other seaweeds that die and become barren. Refers to the state of covering. When shore burning occurs, shallow water resources such as sea urchins, shellfish and fish are drastically reduced. As an example of the process of shore burning, first, tree-shaped coral reefs such as tree-shaped caninotes, heritage canines, and pilihiva thrive, and are eventually covered by shell-shaped articulated corals. Once sea-burning occurs, it becomes difficult to grow other seaweeds such as larvae and scallops, so that marine forests are difficult to form, shellfish and attached animals are reduced, and sea urchins and small snails with poor fruits are noticeable. become.

[0007] Therefore, in order to protect and cultivate marine resources, it is desired to protect current marine forests and actively cultivate marine forests. For this reason, research has been conducted on a method for effectively raising alame and the like that are important for the formation of marine forests. If stable cultivation of alame etc. is realized, protection and subsidy of marine forests in the sea area where breakwaters will be installed by breakwater construction can be realized, and marine forests should be formed even in places where seabreaks have already occurred. It may be possible to recall fish and shellfish.

[0008] However, it is generally not easy to grow alame or scallop on a submerged substrate in the sea. The first reason is that the roots are shaken by the waves in the sea, and it is difficult to make the roots. The second reason is that there is no flash adhesive available under the sea.

[0009] It is not easy to transplant alame grown or cultivated in another place into the sea. It is relatively easy to grow seaweeds such as alame and squid on strings, but it is difficult to fix the strings on submerged substrates. In order to transplant seaweed, it is necessary to set roots and settle at the transplanted site. If you try to get the roots, the place where you extend the roots needs to be stable, but in the sea there are waves and it is always unstable, especially the strings are shaken by the waves and they are not stable and do not take root .

On the other hand, there is also a method of individually fixing the grown alame directly on the bottom substrate with an adhesive or the like, but it is extremely time-consuming, and there is almost no instant adhesive itself usable in the sea. is there.

The present invention has been made in view of such a problem. The main object of the present invention is to form an important marine forest for protecting and cultivating valuable marine resources,
It is to realize the growth of perennial seaweed in a nature-friendly manner.

[0012]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a method for growing perennial seaweed such as Alame and scallop according to claim 1 of the present invention is to grow seaweed seeds and seedlings on a string-shaped body 1. It comprises a step, a step of fixing the string 1 on which the grown seaweed has set, to a wooden flat plate 7, and a step of fixing the flat plate 7 to a bottom substrate and allowing the seaweed to be activated on the bottom substrate.

In the method for growing a perennial seaweed according to a second aspect of the present invention, the flat plate 7 is first fixed on a submerged bottom substrate, and then the string 1 is fixed on the flat plate 7. It is characterized by doing.

Further, a perennial seaweed cultivation device according to a third aspect of the present invention comprises: a bottom substrate for activating perennial seaweed; and a wooden piece 11 fixed to the bottom substrate. It is characterized in that the string-like body 1 on which the seaweed seeds have been grown is fixed to grow the seaweed.

The method and apparatus for growing perennial marine algae of the present invention comprises cultivating seeds and seedlings such as alame in a different place in advance and transplanting the seeds to a submerged submerged substrate at an appropriate time to form a marine forest. It is to let. First, a zoospore is attached to the string, the string is placed under appropriate conditions, seeds such as squid are grown on the string, and the string on which the grown seeds are grown is fixed on a flat plate. The plate is then fixed on a submerged bottoming substrate. As a result, Alame and the like set up temporary roots on the flat plate, and then the temporary roots extended to the settled substrate to make large roots, and Alame and the like grow as parent strains. The zoospores are released from the grown parent strains such as the larvae, and the larvae and the like are multiplied to form marine forests. Plates, on the other hand, decay over time and return to nature.

[0016]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, the embodiment described below is an example of a method and apparatus for growing a perennial seaweed to embody the technical idea of the present invention. Not specific to

Further, in this specification, in order to easily understand the claims, the numbers corresponding to the members described in the embodiments will be referred to as “claims” and “ In the column of “Means of the above”. However, the members described in the claims are not limited to the members of the embodiments.

The method and apparatus for growing perennial seaweed according to the present invention do not grow alame or scallop directly in the sea, but instead grow alame or other seeds on a string in a different place in advance. Transfer them to the sea as they are raised. For this reason, seeds and seedlings, such as alame, are first grown on the string. For example, a seedling such as a lame of about several mm is grown in a string on a tray or the like in a laboratory, and then transported into the sea, and then 10 m
Intermediate growth to about m to 50 mm. Next, one or more string-like bodies that have undergone intermediate growth are fixed to a flat plate, and the flat plate is fixed to a bottoming substrate. In this state, alame and the like grow, especially the roots take root on the flat plate, and finally, the elongated roots directly survive the flat plate and survive over the flat plate. Over time, the slabs rotten in the sea and returned to nature, and eventually disappeared, leaving only slime and other sediment substrates, and slime and the like proliferated to form marine forests.

In this example, alame was selected as the seaweed forming the marine forest. The reason for this is that the fertility is relatively strong, and if the conditions are met, marine forests are formed with strong power.

In growing alame and the like, it is necessary to satisfy conditions for growing the alame and the like. For example, they grow on rocks and blocks, but do not grow on sand. Also, it is necessary to obtain a sufficient amount of light, and the light does not reach sufficiently deep in the deep sea, and thus does not grow. The part where the water depth is from 0 to 5 m grows best (water depth is based on low tide). The lower the water temperature, the better, and preferably the waves. This is because if there is no wave, seawater will not flow, and nutrition intake from leaves will be hindered. In consideration of these conditions, the place and timing of formation of alame and the like are determined.

The zoospores released on the coast of Tokushima prefecture where the present inventors conducted experiments are from October to January, and the algal bodies grow from visible to about 100 mm from March to June. In the high water temperature season (August to September is remarkable), the growth is stagnant, and in places with poor growth conditions, the plants die and are washed away. Of the surviving alame, 11 precocious individuals that grew under particularly favorable conditions
The zoospores are released as a parent strain from January to January (after a full year), and the process of reproduction of alame is completed.

A flexible material such as a rope can also be used as a material for forming ash or the like. For example, seaweed uses this method. However, wakame is one-year-old and has the property of being harvested after growing, so it can be made with a rope, but perennial alame and the like are intended to be grown instead of harvested. It is difficult to grow seedlings such as squid on a rope and transfer them to a bottom substrate such as a block or bedrock. Therefore, in the present invention, instead of being directly fixed to the bottom substrate only with the string-shaped body,
Using a flat plate. By attaching the string to a submerged bottom substrate in a state where a string is stretched on the plate, the roots can be grown stably without being shaken by waves and becoming unstable. In the following examples, a thin synthetic fiber rope having a diameter of 2 mm was used as the cord-like body.

The process of cultivating slime and the like to form a marine forest and make it a good fishing ground is as follows. 1. Collection of zoospores and implantation of gametophytes on string-like bodies From October of the year to January of the following year, alame and scallop release zoospores from the zoospore sac in the algal body. Immediately before releasing the zoospores, a zoospore part with as little dirt as possible is collected, wiped off the dirt, and then placed in a tray containing sterilized seawater and a string to release the zoospores. The released zoospores become female gametes and male gametes, which grow and grow on the string.

The means for securing a fertilized egg is not limited to the above. For example, collection of zoospores, isolation of female and male gametophytes, preservation of gametophytes, expansion of gametophytes, promotion of gametophyte maturation, shredding of free gametophytes and settlement on substrates, fertilized eggs Regarding the process of epiphyte formation, a method that can be used at any time has been put to practical use, and this method can also be used.

2. Seedling rearing Fertilizes, germinates and grows gametophytes that have settled on the string. After fertilization, the tray is kept at a constant temperature (for example, 20 ° C.), under a constant light condition (for example, 12 hours light period, 2000 to 4000 lux), and for about one month, 1 to several meters as algal bodies of Alame.
Grow to about m.

3. Intermediate breeding of seeds and seeds For about 1 to 2 months at an appropriate time from December to next May, place the string-like body on which growing seeds and seedlings are growing in a calm sea area until it becomes about 10 to 50 mm Grow. Here, they are grown in a hanging manner.

4. Seedlings, such as grown algae, are placed on the desired substrate during January-May. The string-like body on which the slime and the like are formed is mounted on a flat plate, and the flat plate is fixed to the substrate. Thereafter, alame and the like are naturally grown.

5. Parent strain formation Alame and the like immobilized on the substratum grow into adults having zoospore parts. Mature slime and the like actively release zoospores as parent strains, and seeds and seeds such as slime begin to be reproduced around the area.

6. Underwater forest formation Reproduced seedlings grow and the population of alame grows. The life of alame and the like is several years, and the submarine forest of alame as the extreme phase is formed.

[7] Formation of fishing grounds The side leaves of grown alame etc. are cut off to become algae and feed on fish and shellfish. As a result, fish and shellfish gather and a good fishing ground is formed, contributing to the promotion of fisheries. Hereinafter, a process of actually growing alame and the like using the present invention will be specifically described.

[Growing of seedlings] The zoospores collected from the algae are grown in the tray until they become seedlings. The growing conditions are performed in a container by irradiating artificial light such as a fluorescent lamp in a constant temperature water bath in a room. The string is placed in a container, and seeds are grown on the string.

[Middle Seedling Growth] In order to further grow seedlings that have germinated and grown to some extent, the seedlings are moved from a tray to a calm sea area and grown. For example, grow in calm waters such as the inner harbor. As shown in FIG. 1, a string 1 on which seeds and seedlings are set is fixed to a frame 2 or the like, the frame 2 is hung under the sea with a rope 3, and the rope 3 is floated by a buoy 4. Buoy 4 is held in place by anchor 5. The floating rope is used to further grow alame and the like in a relatively shallow place in the sea. Floating at a shallow depth can provide sufficient sunshine.

It is desirable that the water temperature is the same as or lower than that during seedling raising. This is because if the water temperature exceeds the temperature suitable for the growth of alame, it will die. Seawater temperature is relatively stable and is determined by sea area. About 10 ° C-20
It is desirable that the temperature is about ° C.

The frame 2 for fixing the string 1 is preferably made of round steel. In this example, the size of the frame 2 is 50 cm on a side.
The string 1 is zigzag in this frame 2 for about 5
Winded loosely at cm intervals. However, in the present invention, what fixes the string-shaped body 1 is not limited to this shape, size and mounting method.

[Local implantation] Next, the grown alame and the like are transferred onto the actual substrate, which is the landing substrate. The bottom substrate is used for a wave-dissipating block, a sandy beach protection dike, and the like, and a concrete-made wave-dissipating or consolidating block, a reef, a boulder, and the like are used. Such blocks are not limited to those for wave-dissipation purposes, and include dikes provided below the sea surface for the purpose of preventing sand from flowing offshore. In this embodiment, an example will be described in which a floor is placed on a concrete block 6 submerged in the sea near a breakwater. The block 6 may employ porous porous concrete.

First, a flat plate for fixing the string 1 is prepared.
By fixing the flat plate 7 to which the string-shaped body 1 is fixed on the block 6, transplantation of grown alame and the like to the site is enabled.

The flat plate 7 has a property of decay and disappear over time. Natural materials are preferred, not artificial materials such as plastic, and wood is suitable. Flat plate 7
Is one in which two rectangular flat plates are arranged as shown in FIG. The size is made smaller than the surface area of the block 6 to be set, so that the surface of the block 6 is provided with a margin so that the block 6 can be easily placed. I do.

The flat plate 7 is provided with a groove 7A in which the string 1 can be mounted. The groove 7A is slightly engraved along the extension direction of the flat plate 7 so that the string-like body 1 can be inserted. A plurality of grooves 7A can be provided in one flat plate 7. The string-like body 1 on which roots and the like are formed is inserted into the groove 7A of the flat plate 7, and is fixed so as not to come off using a plurality of U-shaped locking nails 8. The string-like body 1 fixed in this way is stable without being shaken by the waves,
Roots are easy to grow.

For fixing the flat plate 7 and the block 6, an adhesive 9 and a string 10 are used in the example of FIG. In addition, only an adhesive agent or a string or the like may be used. The string 10 can be a hemp string or the like. Considering the force of the sea waves and the fact that the tree warps in seawater when using the wooden plate 7,
The string 10 is tied up so that is stable. Preferably, it is bound at two or more places so as to be orthogonal to the flat plate 7.

As another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4, a groove 6A into which a wooden piece 11 is inserted is provided at the time of manufacturing the block 6, and the wooden piece 11 is attached thereto. It can also be realized by a configuration in which the string 1 is fixed to the wooden piece 11. The wooden piece 11 may be fixed by embedding at the time of placing concrete to form the block 6. In the configuration in which the wooden piece 11 is embedded in the block 6 without using a flat plate,
The wooden piece 11 is securely fixed to the block 6, and the wooden piece 11 is hardly affected by the wave resistance, so that there is no fear that the wooden piece 11 is washed away.

Further, the structure in which the fixing portion of the string-like body 1 is provided in a state where a part of the block 6 is made of wood can be easily attached because the string-like body 1 is directly attached to the block 6. The wood piece 11 is provided with a groove 7A into which the string 1 is inserted. The string 1 inserted into the groove 7A and fixed to the wood piece 11 is slightly thinner than the width of the groove 7A. The string is fixed to the wooden piece 11 by the locking nail 8.

Alternatively, the flat plate 7 can be fixed with bolts 12 as shown in FIG. When the bolt 12 is used, it is desirable to use a resin anchor 14 which can be used in water, first drive the resin anchor 14, insert and fix the bolt 12, and then fix the perforated flat plate with the nut 12A. In this method, if the fixed object is a wave-dissipating block, it is not preferable because the block may be damaged by perforation. When the flat plate 7 is fixed to a reef or a boulder, there is no need for the portion where the flat plate 7 is to be fixed to be flat, and there is an advantage that the flat plate 7 can be easily attached.

The operation of fixing the flat plate 7 and the block 6 will be described below. First, the surface of the block 6 to be landed is cleaned. This is for removing unnecessary algae and removing unnecessary obstacles on the contact surface, and for enhancing the adhesive strength. Next, the adhesive 9 is applied to the contact surface of the flat plate 7 before the flat plate 7 is put into the sea.
Thereafter, the flat plate 7 is quickly attached to a desired position on the block 6. When it takes time for the adhesive 9 to solidify and develop strength, it is reinforced with a string 10 or the like.
Here, as the adhesive 9, an epoxy resin-based putty-like adhesive that is a water-curable resin was used. It has a pot life of 50 minutes, an initial curing time of 12 hours, and a complete curing time of 7 days at a use condition of 20 ° C. Also, the bonding surface needs to be roughened. If necessary, roughen the surface with a file.

In this embodiment, a flat plate 7 on which the string 1 is stretched
Is fixed to the block 6. Therefore, the order in which one is attached first does not matter. The string 1 may be fixed on the flat plate 7 before or after the flat plate 7 is fixed to the block 6. However, since seaweeds such as alame and squid are fried from the water for a long time, they weaken,
It is desirable that the mounting be performed in the sea or quickly in the shade in the atmosphere before fixing the flat plate 7 to the block 6. The cord 1 is attached and fixed to the groove 7A.

The seeds and seedlings, such as larvae, transferred into the sea in this way extend the roots on the flat plate 7 and finally entangle the roots on the block 6 beyond the flat plate 7 as shown in FIG. In this figure, the string 10 is indicated by a wavy line for simplicity. When the roots take root sufficiently and Alame 13 grows as a parent strain, it germinates at the end of the year and releases zoospores, and on the same block 6,
Or, it spreads on other blocks 6 nearby or on natural rock. At this time, the string 1 and the flat plate 7 become unnecessary.
Eventually, Alame 13 will breed around Block 6
Underwater forests are formed. Several years later, when the existing amount of seaweed growing on the bedrock is almost the same as that of the block 6, the seaweed community on the block 6 is considered to be in the extreme phase. Block 6
When the transition of the upper seaweed reaches the extreme phase, it will function similarly to a natural rock reef. On the other hand, the string 10 and the flat plate 7 to which the flat plate 7 is fixed gradually begin to decay, and eventually break down and return to nature. When the flat plate 7 is made of wood, insects and the like enter the wood and devour it, so that corrosion proceeds.

Underwater forests such as alame form good fishing grounds and contribute to the promotion of fisheries. A large number of small crustaceans such as lobsters and walkers that feed on fish inhabit the roots of alame and the like, and this does not change much throughout the year. These abundances are comparable to the annual highs of Honda straw communities. Fish also gather in this area to feed on them. In this way, if alame and the like are bred, marine forests will be formed, and the economic effects of promoting fisheries can be expected.

In the above-described embodiment, an example is shown in which the slime is grown on the bottom substrate such as the wave-dissipating block 6. However, the present invention is not limited to the artificial bottom substrate, and the slime or the like can be applied to a natural bedrock or the like. It can also be used as a method of fostering. For example, a flat plate 7 is fixed to a flat part on a natural rock by the same method as described above with a hemp string 10, an adhesive 9, or the like. In addition, there is a possibility that marine forests can be grown by placing seeds and seedlings, such as alame, that have been grown in advance in the area where the sea scorching has occurred.

[0048]

According to the method and apparatus for growing perennial seaweed of the present invention, a string or the like on which algae or squid have been grown is not fixed directly on a block, but is fixed via a flat plate. In addition to facilitating the transplantation of marine forests, the slabs are made of a material that rots, so that after the slimes have settled and the slabs are no longer needed, they disappear naturally, so that the marine forest can be cultivated without spoiling nature. It has the feature of promoting

Conventionally, it has been difficult to fix seeds and seedlings, such as alame, on the substrate. Because there is no such thing as an instant adhesive that can be used in the sea, delicate seeds such as alame could not be directly bonded. The present invention has realized means for indirectly fixing alame or the like using a flat plate. That is, a string-like body on which seeds and seedlings such as alame are settled on a flat plate,
By fixing the flat plate to the bottoming substrate, it is possible to transplant alame and the like onto the bottoming substrate which could not be realized until now.

In particular, in the method and apparatus for growing perennial seaweed of the present invention, the flat plate is made of a decay material such as wood. In this method, the wooden slabs age and decay, decompose and return to nature, so there is no marine pollution.
At present, when environmentally friendly measures are desired, it is not desirable to use artificial materials that are not decomposed or hardly decomposed, such as those made of plastic. If natural wood is used, it will eventually decompose and return to nature, so it is naturally friendly. In addition, when the roots of alame etc. are stretched on the bottom substrate and finish the role of the flat plate, they will eventually disappear even if left as it is,
There is no need to re-dive into the sea and remove the flat plate, and there is an advantage that it can be used conveniently.

It is also important to raise alame and scallop from the viewpoint of protecting the ocean and the coastal fisheries. If the method and apparatus for growing perennial seaweed of the present invention are used at the time of breakwater construction or the like, it is possible to reduce the risk of losing valuable marine forests by the construction. By actively cultivating alame and the like, it is possible to reduce the risk of damaging the underwater natural environment and to preserve the existing biological environment.

Further, the method and apparatus for growing a perennial seaweed of the present invention has an advantage that the implementation time can be freely set to some extent. As one method of existing alame propagation, there is a method in which an algal body having zoospores is placed in a net bag and placed in the sea where the spores are to be grown. In this method, the zoospore release period is from October to October in Tokushima Prefecture. The next January). In the present invention, the on-site settlement can be set at an arbitrary time from December to the following May by adjusting the time of raising seeds and seedlings. For example, even if the breakwater construction is completed in March at the end of the fiscal year, the local growth of alame can be carried out immediately after that, so that the underwater forest can be expected to grow earlier without waiting for the next zoospore release time.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an intermediate seedling raising step in a method for growing a perennial seaweed according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing a local settlement process in a method for growing a perennial seaweed according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing an example of fixing a flat plate to a block.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a piece of wood is fixed to a block with a perennial seaweed breeding tool according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing another example of fixing a flat plate to a block.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which slime and the like grow on a block-shaped bottom substrate.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... String-like body 2 ... Frame 3 ... Rope 4 ... Buoy 5 ... Anchor 6 ... Block 6A ... Groove 7 ... Flat plate 7A ... Groove 8 ... Locking nail 9 ... Adhesive 10 ... String 11 ... Wood piece 12 ... Bolt 12A ... Nut 13 ... Alame 14 ... Resin anchor

Claims (3)

[Claims] Claims: 1. A method for growing a perennial seaweed, comprising the steps of: growing seaweed seeds on the string-like body (1); fixing the string-like body (1) on which the grown seaweed has grown to a wooden plate (7). A perennial seaweed growing method, comprising the steps of: fixing the plate (7) to the bottoming substrate and allowing the seaweed to be activated on the bottoming substrate. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the flat plate is fixed on a submerged bottom substrate, and then the string is fixed on the flat plate. Perennial seaweed cultivation method. 3. A perennial seaweed cultivation device, comprising: a bottom substrate for activating perennial seaweed; and a piece of wood (11) fixed to the bottom substrate, wherein seeds of seaweed are grown on the wood piece (11). A perennial seaweed cultivation device characterized by being configured to fix a string-like body (1) and grow seaweed.