CN102138513B - Method for constructing manually controlled submarine algae field - Google Patents
Method for constructing manually controlled submarine algae field Download PDFInfo
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- CN102138513B CN102138513B CN2011100970165A CN201110097016A CN102138513B CN 102138513 B CN102138513 B CN 102138513B CN 2011100970165 A CN2011100970165 A CN 2011100970165A CN 201110097016 A CN201110097016 A CN 201110097016A CN 102138513 B CN102138513 B CN 102138513B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for constructing a manually controlled submarine algae field. The method comprises the steps of selection and treatment of seaweed substrates, culture of seedlings of seaweeds, sowing and the like, wherein the seaweed substrates are breeding screens formed by weaving reddish brown ropes; the step of culture of seedlings of seaweeds comprises the substeps of collection of seedlings of seaweeds and management of culture of seedlings; after the water density of the collected spores during release in the substep of collection of seedlings of seaweeds reaches 10-15 zoospores in the field of 100-times microscope, the seaweed substrates are put in the seawater to adhere; and the adhesion density is 20-30 embryo spores in the field of 100-times microscope. The method has the following advantages and beneficial effects: the variety, density, place and sowing time of the submarine algae field achieve manual control; the fixed substances of the algae, such as C, N, P and the like, are taken from the sea to the land by harvesting the seaweed, so the effect on solving the ecological problems is longer; the cost is far lower than that of the artificial reefs; the natural submarine geomorphology is not damaged; and the submarine algae field can be formed in a shorter time, thus rapidly increasing the resource quantity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to algae field, a kind of manually operated seabed construction method.
Background technology
Forest is held in esteem already to the influence of terrestrial environment and looks, and marine algae is paid attention to by the ocean worker the influence of the marine eco-environment as the forest in the ocean too.Tangleweed is the common recognition of marine ecology educational circles to the biological restoration effect of marine ecology: algae absorbs the CO in the water body
2, participate in global carbon, play the consumption Atmospheric CO
2Effect, reach control greenhouse gases purpose; The O that algae photosynthesis is discharged
2Improve the water body dissolved oxygen content, improved water quality; Mineral salt such as algae absorption of N, P can solve the ocean eutrophication problem, marine ecology crises such as the red tide that minimizing causes thus, Enteromorpha explosion type propagation; The effect of having played artificial fish shelter of seabed algae field can increase fishery resources in addition.
But China offshore seabed has been minimizing trend since comprising the water plants resource long-terms of ocean higher plants such as sea grass, and for addressing this problem, China's ocean science worker has launched research work such as marine alga (grass) bed, artificial algal reef for a long time.But the construction of kelp bed and algal reef now; Except Zostera marina (does not belong to algae; Be that a kind of aquatic higher plant can produce seed) can scatter seeds to realize to specifying the seabed, marine site to throw in outside the seed propagation; All be through lapidation in algae, build mode such as reef, make the pattern of wild algae apposition growth on artificial fish shelter in this marine site to change the algae attaching substratum.
The conventional artificial algal reef be build earlier reef, after have wild algae to adhere to; Therefore the algal kind of artificial algal reef is numerous and diverse, and dominant species is not obvious, and algae is difficult to results; Analyze with solid N equal angles from solid C; After marine alga was rotted, fixing C, N, the P of frond revert to again in the water body, can not thoroughly solve ecological problem; It is costly that lapidation is built reef, has the submarine geomorphy problem of destroying to a certain extent; Conventional artificial algal reefs etc. need be built up the long time of back, and wild algae slowly multiplies growth, generally needs the time in several years just can make the seabed algae in great numbers; Tradition algae field can not be non-local natural resources algae in time, the place of appointment, sowing in the density.Therefore, artificial algal reef had both received the restriction of regional condition, and investment is high, is difficult to form industrialization.
Summary of the invention
Be difficult to realize for a long time that to artificial algal reef in the prior art C and solid N admittedly, cost are too high, consuming time long and can destroy the problem of submarine geomorphy etc.; The invention provides algae field, a kind of manually operated seabed construction method; The present invention is through directly throwing in large-scale economical alga seedling to the seabed; Artificial initiatively fixed point, quantitatively, regularly, decide kind and throw in the marine alga seed to the seabed, make up the algae field, seabed of using economic algae, with the acquisition economic interests; The present invention consolidates C, solid N effect is better; Cost is low, invests little; Do not destroy the seabed natural feature; And but algae field, seabed forms within a short period of time.
For realizing the foregoing invention purpose, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
Algae field, a kind of manually operated seabed construction method is characterized in that it may further comprise the steps: the selection and the processing of (1) marine alga adherance; (2) marine alga is grown seedlings; (3) intercut; Said marine alga adherance is the seedling curtain that reddish brown rope is woven into, being treated to of said marine alga adherance: dry reddish brown rope earlier, did hammer 3-5 minute then; With the reddish brown rope of freshwater soaking one month to two months, wet hammer 5-8 minute, seedling curtain then takes up one's knitting; Said seedling curtain weaving method is: reddish brown rope is entangled in braiding seedling curtain on the seedling curtain shelf, the long 108cm of said seedling curtain frame, wide 50cm; Even 28 steel nails of nail on its minor face frame, after the braiding of seedling curtain finishes, burn hair with fire after; Take off the seedling curtain with fresh water boiling seedling curtain 24-36 hour from seedling curtain shelf, during whenever changed water once at a distance from 2 hours, then add the sodium carbonate boiling 12 hours of 0.5%-1% to fresh water; Begin subsequently whenever to change water once, continue boiling 12 hours, deposit subsequent use after washing, drying at a distance from 2 hours;
Said marine alga is grown seedlings and comprises that marine alga is collected seedling and seedling management; Said marine alga is collected seedling and comprises and diffuse and adhere to, and said diffusing is marine alga to be planted vegetables to be put in diffuse the trip spore in the sand filtration seawater, adopt spore fluid density reach 10-15 trip spore/100 power microscope visuals field down after; The marine alga adherance is put in the spore fluid adheres to; The trip spore is sporoblast after adhering to the seedling curtain, and adhering to density is under 20-30 sporoblast/100 power microscope visuals field, changes the sand filtration seawater and gets into cultivation stage; In the said seedling management, the shellfish individual layer that is attached with marine alga is placed, through control illumination, temperature, apply fertilizer, scrub, change the water mode and carry out seedling management;
Said intercutting is that adherance with being attached with the marine alga seedling intercuts in the seabed.
Further, said marine alga is selected from one or more in sea-tangle, big sea-tangle, undaria pinnitafida or the mouse tail algae.
Further again, said seedling management is following:
(1) control light: adopt natural daylight to grow seedlings,
Control light 1000-2000lx early stage;
Control light 2000-3000lx mid-term;
Later stage control light 3000-5000lx;
(2) temperature control: 7-10 ℃;
(3) fertilising: the early stage 2ppm-3ppm NO
3 --N, the PO of 0.2ppm-0.3ppm
4 3--P;
Mid-term 3ppm-4ppm NO
3 --N, the PO of 0.3ppm-0.4ppm
4 3--P;
The NO of later stage 4ppm-5ppm
3 --N, the PO of 0.4ppm-0.5ppm
4 3--P;
(4) scrub: use the giant spary, 2-3 time weekly;
(5) change water: change water 20%-30% every day.
Wherein, the said density of intercutting is respectively: big sea-tangle, undaria pinnitafida be the 100-300 strain/square metre, sea-tangle be the 50-150 strain/square metre, mouse tail algae be the 100-200 strain/square metre.
Further, said inserting method is: the marine site of not having alluvial in the seabed adopts the end of 2-10 rice to broadcast the seedling rope, and the two ends of said seedling rope are inserted the seabed with short wooden stake and fixed; The marine site employing length that alluvial is arranged in the seabed is to broadcast the seedling rope in the end of 0.5-1 rice; Bamboo pole is inserted the seabed; One end of bamboo pole exposes the alluvial part, and bamboo pole one end that exposes is the seedling rope fixedly, and said two kinds of methods are all done the end with the reddish brown rope of 1.5cm diameter and broadcast the seedling rope; Folder marine alga seed on the seedling rope, the strain spacing is 7cm-8cm.
Wherein, at the beginning of said inter cut time was chosen in 10 months, the ocean temperature during the undaria pinnitafida sowing was 19-20 ℃, and sea-tangle, the ocean temperature when big sea-tangle is intercutted are 18-19 ℃.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention and good effect are:
The present invention finds the kind of suitable different waters natural conditions, through artificial breeding, the marine alga kind of suitable different waters, regularly, fix a point, decide density and sow in a certain marine site, realizes algae field, complete manually operated seabed.Because the algae of algae field, seabed of the present invention can artificial selection, can select the wide algae of vertical distribution to strengthen the depth of water span of algae field, seabed; Can be the new results of algal culture (like the new varieties of cultivating; Improved seeds or the original seed introduced), be applied to the structure of algae field, seabed, because algae field dominant species is obvious; And be the high algae of economic worth; Can gather in the crops, make the algae of algae field that maybe and being worth of results arranged, can realize algae field, seabed autonomous operation economically; The kind of algae field, seabed, density, place, sowing time, realized Artificial Control, being convenient to set up with economic worth is the algae field, seabed of dominant species than higher algae; When the results algae obtains economic interests, also from the ocean, take land to materials such as the fixing C of algae, N, P, the effect that solves ecological problem is more permanent; Its cost of algae field, seabed that the present invention sets up is well below the cost of artificial fish shelter; Do not destroy the seabed natural feature; But algae field, seabed of the present invention forms within a short period of time, can increase stock number fast, can form the algae field then.
In conjunction with accompanying drawing with after reading embodiment of the present invention, other characteristics of the present invention and advantage will become clearer.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that algae field, manually operated seabed makes up schematic flow sheet among the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is done further detailed explanation.
Embodiment 1
Algae field, so-called seabed is exactly the various marine algas of the suitable different waters natural conditions of sowing in the seabed.
1, the selection of marine alga adherance and processing
The preparation of A, adherance: the reddish brown rope that adopts diameter 7mm is as the seedling rope of growing seedlings, and the seedling of growing seedlings rope is woven into the seedling curtain as adherance, seedling curtain length 108cm, width 53 offspring rope.
The processing of B, adherance: being treated to of said marine alga adherance: dry reddish brown rope earlier, did hammer 3-5 minute then, with the reddish brown rope of freshwater soaking one month to two months; Wet hammer 5-8 minute, the seedling curtain that takes up one's knitting then, said seedling curtain weaving method is: reddish brown rope is entangled in braiding seedling curtain on the seedling curtain shelf; The long 108cm of said seedling curtain frame, width 50cm evenly follows closely 28 steel nails on its minor face frame; After seedling curtain braiding finishes, burn hair with fire after, take off the seedling curtain with fresh water boiling seedling curtain 24-36 hour from seedling curtain shelf; Whenever changed water once during this time, then add the sodium carbonate boiling 12 hours of 0.5%-1%, begin subsequently whenever to change water once at a distance from 2 hours to fresh water at a distance from 2 hours; Continue boiling 12 hours, deposit subsequent use after washing, drying.
The selection of C, marine alga kind: the present invention chooses the marine alga of suitable different waters natural conditions according to factors such as the depth of water and water temperatures; Because the marine alga kind of sowing and the depth of water, water temperature etc. are in close relations; Can select sea-tangle less than 4 meters waters; Can sow big sea-tangle greater than 5 meters depth of waters, moderate depth can be sowed undaria pinnitafida; Undaria pinnitafida can be broadcast in the high temperature marine site, and sea-tangle and big sea-tangle can be broadcast in the low temperature marine site.
2, marine alga is grown seedlings
Said marine alga is grown seedlings and comprises that marine alga is collected seedling and seedling management.
A, marine alga are collected seedling
Adopt spore: also cry and collect seedling, adopt spore and be divided into and diffuse and adhered to for two steps.
Diffuse: ripe marine alga kind; Be put in the ready seawater of collecting seedling through behind the dry in the shade stimulation; The marine alga kind is diffused the trip spore in seawater, after the density of trip spore reaches requirement, take out main laminaria; Stop to diffuse, adopting spore fluid density in the indoor cement pit is 10-15 trip spore/visual field (under 100 power microscopes).
Adhere to: put into the spore pond to the seedling curtain; Adhere to the trip spore; After adhering to, the trip spore is called sporoblast (trip spore and sporoblast all are about 5 microns of cells); Adhere to density and generally be controlled at 20-30 sporoblast/visual field (under 100 power microscopes), from spore fluid, take out adherance, finish to adhere to.
B, seedling management
To get into the groundwork in seedling management stage later on following having accomplished the work of collecting seedling:
(1) control light: adopt natural daylight to grow seedlings,
Control light 1000-2000lx early stage;
Control light 2000-3000lx mid-term;
Later stage control light 3000-5000lx;
(lx is the unit of intensity of illumination, is meter candle again, pronounces the lux).
(2) temperature control: 7-10 ℃.
(3) fertilising: the early stage 2ppm NO
3 --N, the PO of 0.2ppm
4 3--P;
Mid-term 3ppm NO
3 --N, the PO of 0.3ppm
4 3--P;
The NO of later stage 4ppm
3 --N, the PO of 0.4ppm
4 3--P.
(4) scrub: use the giant spary, twice weekly.
(5) change water: change water about 20% every day.
3, intercut
A, inserting method
Take different inserting methods according to the seabed situation, after the algae seedling reached 8cm-30cm, the marine site can adopt the long end to broadcast the seedling rope at the bottom of hard silt, and length is that 2-10 rice does not wait, and broadcast the two ends of seedling rope and fixes with short wooden stake insertion seabed at the end.
The marine site that alluvial is arranged for the seabed; Broadcast seedling rope to the end that is attached with the marine alga seed and tie up on the bamboo bar and insert the seabed, it is 0.5-1 rice that seedling rope length is broadcast at the end, and bamboo pole one end inserts the seabed; The bamboo pole other end exceeds seabed alluvial part, and bamboo pole one end that exposes seabed alluvial part is in order to the fixing seedling end of restricting.Said two kinds of folder seedling-growing methods all are to do the end with the reddish brown rope of 1.5cm diameter to broadcast the seedling rope, and are every at a distance from one strain of 7cm folder seedling.
B, intercut kind: the depth of water, anniversary variations in temperature according to the marine site are selected different types of marine alga, can select sea-tangle for use less than 4 meters marine sites, mouse tail algae, and the marine site of 5-15 rice can be selected big sea-tangle for use.
C, intercut density: big sea-tangle, undaria pinnitafida be the 100-300 strain/square metre, sea-tangle be the 50-150 strain/square metre, mouse tail algae be the 100-200 strain/square metre.
D, intercut opportunity: be chosen in before and after the beginning of October, according to the difference of kind, undaria pinnitafida begins to intercut when water temperature is reduced to 19 ℃-20 ℃ in the sea area, and sea-tangle, big sea-tangle begin to intercut when ocean temperature is reduced to 18 ℃-19 ℃.
4, results
Adopt the dive under water method of artificial results of diver.
The shallow sea seabed of the present invention under different sea situations (substrate, the depth of water, water temperature etc.) condition; The large-scale economic algae wide with vertical distribution such as big sea-tangles is the main body; Take the artificial culture seed; By artificial seeding's means, it is low to make up a kind of producing cost, can reach the seabed algae field mode of autonomous operation at economic aspect.
The present invention is owing to taked directly to throw in to the seabed method of marine alga seedling; Can artificially control algal kind, sowing time, place, seeding quantity; So-called Artificial Control is that the advantage of bringing thus is: the marine alga kind of algae field, seabed is controlled, can be different improved seeds (original seed) in the past artificial fish shelter, kelp bed; Be seeded in suitable different waters, improve the marine algae resource amount of algae field; And adopted the kind wide like vertical distribution such as big sea-tangles, make that when selecting the seabed algae field marine, the depth of water span of algae field is bigger, has enlarged the zone of algae field, seabed; Algae field, seabed through the foundation of by artificial seeding's method; The dominant population of algae is obvious in the algae field; Can confirm the harvest season, gather in the crops, make that the effect of the solid C of algae, solid N, solid P is more lasting; And be unlikely to rot to decompose after the marine alga aging, the C that algae is fixed, N, P etc. revert in the ocean again; The density of algae is artificial control; The place is artificial control; Sowing time is artificial control; Can gather in the crops be artificial control (method algal kind in the past is numerous and diverse, marine alga not of uniform size, be difficult to realize results).Broadcast owing to adopted build algae big, fast growth to carry out the end, make the algae bio amount of algae field, seabed be able to fast rise, can see the effect of algae field, seabed then; The large-scale economic algae in shallow sea is to the influence of marine fishery resources; In the marine site (like South Africa) that sea-tangle is arranged all the year round; The type marine animal that dwells reaches and it seems surprising quantity at home at the end; The Bao of every square meter seabed more than 4 centimetres, sea urchin etc. only can reach 30-50, will obtain considerable economic if we when making up algae field, seabed, are aided with the propagation zoobenthos.
Above embodiment is only in order to explaining technical scheme of the present invention, but not limits it; Although the present invention has been carried out detailed explanation with reference to previous embodiment, for the person of ordinary skill of the art, still can make amendment to the technical scheme that previous embodiment is put down in writing, perhaps part technical characterictic wherein is equal to replacement; And these modifications or replacement do not make the essence of relevant art scheme break away from the spirit and the scope of the present invention's technical scheme required for protection.
Claims (5)
1. algae field, manually operated seabed construction method, it is characterized in that it may further comprise the steps: the selection and the processing of (1) marine alga adherance: said marine alga adherance is the seedling curtain that reddish brown rope is woven into, being treated to of said marine alga adherance: dry reddish brown rope earlier; Did hammer then 3-5 minute, and, wetly hammered 5-8 minute into shape with the reddish brown rope of freshwater soaking one month to two months; The seedling curtain that takes up one's knitting then, said seedling curtain weaving method is: reddish brown rope is entangled in braiding seedling curtain on the seedling curtain shelf, the long 108cm of said seedling curtain frame; Wide 50cm evenly follows closely 28 steel nails on its minor face frame, after the braiding of seedling curtain finishes; After burning hair with fire, take off the seedling curtain with fresh water boiling seedling curtain 24-36 hour from seedling curtain shelf, during whenever changed water once at a distance from 2 hours; Then add the sodium carbonate boiling 12 hours of 0.5%-1% to fresh water; Begin subsequently whenever to change water once, continue boiling 12 hours, deposit subsequent use after washing, drying at a distance from 2 hours;
(2) marine alga is grown seedlings: said marine alga is grown seedlings and comprises that marine alga is collected seedling and seedling management; Said marine alga is collected seedling and comprises and diffuse and adhere to, and said diffusing is marine alga to be planted vegetables to be put in diffuse the trip spore in the sand filtration seawater, adopt spore fluid density reach 10-15 trip spore/100 power microscope visuals field down after; The marine alga adherance is put in the spore fluid adheres to; The trip spore is sporoblast after adhering to the seedling curtain, and adhering to density is under 20-30 sporoblast/100 power microscope visuals field, changes the sand filtration seawater and gets into cultivation stage; In the said seedling management, the shellfish individual layer that is attached with marine alga is placed, through control illumination, temperature, apply fertilizer, scrub, change the water mode and carry out seedling management;
Said seedling management is following:
A is controlled light: adopt natural daylight to grow seedlings,
Control light 1000-2000lx early stage;
Control light 2000-3000lx mid-term;
Later stage control light 3000-5000lx;
B temperature control: 7-10 ℃;
C fertilising: early stage 2ppm-3ppm NO
3 --N, the PO of 0.2ppm-0.3ppm
4 3--P;
Mid-term 3ppm-4ppm NO
3 --N, the PO of 0.3ppm-0.4ppm
4 3--P;
The NO of later stage 4ppm-5ppm
3 --N, the PO of 0.4ppm-0.5ppm
4 3--P;
D scrubs: use the giant spary, 2-3 time weekly;
E changes water: change water 20%-30% every day;
(3) intercut: said intercutting is that adherance with being attached with the marine alga seedling intercuts in the seabed.
2. algae field, a kind of manually operated seabed according to claim 1 construction method is characterized in that said marine alga is selected from one or more in sea-tangle, big sea-tangle, undaria pinnitafida or the mouse tail algae.
3. algae field, a kind of manually operated seabed according to claim 2 construction method; It is characterized in that the said density of intercutting is respectively: big sea-tangle, undaria pinnitafida be the 100-300 strain/square metre; Sea-tangle be the 50-150 strain/square metre, mouse tail algae be the 100-200 strain/square metre.
4. algae field, a kind of manually operated seabed according to claim 1 construction method is characterized in that the said method of intercutting is: the marine site of not having alluvial in the seabed adopts the end of 2-10 rice to broadcast the seedling rope, and the two ends of said seedling rope are inserted the seabed with short wooden stake and fixed; The marine site employing length that alluvial is arranged in the seabed is to broadcast the seedling rope in the end of 0.5-1 rice; Bamboo pole is inserted the seabed; One end of bamboo pole exposes the alluvial part, and bamboo pole one end that exposes is the seedling rope fixedly, and said two kinds of methods are all done the end with the reddish brown rope of 1.5cm diameter and broadcast the seedling rope; Folder marine alga seed on the seedling rope, the strain spacing is 7cm-8cm.
5. algae field, a kind of manually operated seabed according to claim 1 construction method; It is characterized in that the said selection of time of intercutting is at the beginning of 10 months; Ocean temperature when undaria pinnitafida intercuts is 19 ℃-20 ℃, and sea-tangle, the ocean temperature when big sea-tangle is intercutted are 18 ℃-19 ℃.
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| CN103734059B (en) * | 2014-01-08 | 2015-09-23 | 山东富瀚海洋科技有限公司 | Seed device is broadcast at the bottom of a kind of artificial fish shelter |
| CN103814844B (en) * | 2014-02-20 | 2016-05-04 | 青岛农业大学 | The ecological sea cucumber method of supporting in seabed, a kind of shallow sea |
| CN103798170B (en) * | 2014-02-20 | 2016-04-27 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of bay ecology supports Bao Fangfa |
| CN104351034B (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2016-08-24 | 广东海洋大学 | A kind of happiness salt grass fingerlings artificial cultural method repaired for marine ecology |
| CN104488690A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-04-08 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Gracilaria seaweed algal turf repairing method |
| CN104542236B (en) * | 2015-01-04 | 2016-07-06 | 山东省海洋生物研究院 | A kind of wild Thallus Laminariae (Thallus Eckloniae) artificial fecundation method |
| CN104521730A (en) * | 2015-01-21 | 2015-04-22 | 河北省海洋与水产科学研究院 | Sea grass bottom laying planting method |
| CN111528081A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-08-14 | 深圳职业技术学院 | Method for constructing quasi-perfect community of large seaweed |
| CN111758548A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-10-13 | 广东海洋大学 | Method for accelerating maturity of enteromorpha algae and method for accelerating release of germ cells of enteromorpha algae |
| CN113179937A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-07-30 | 深圳市蓝汀鼎执生物科技有限公司 | Method for constructing artificial bracken algae field near shore |
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| CN101422127A (en) * | 2007-10-29 | 2009-05-06 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Gulf-weed sexual propagating and seedling rearing method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101422127A (en) * | 2007-10-29 | 2009-05-06 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Gulf-weed sexual propagating and seedling rearing method |
| CN101580301A (en) * | 2008-05-13 | 2009-11-18 | 上海水产大学 | Ecological repairing method of porphyry macroalgae to eutrophic open sea area |
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