CN102783404B - Gulfweed proliferation and transplanting method - Google Patents
Gulfweed proliferation and transplanting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102783404B CN102783404B CN201210290790.2A CN201210290790A CN102783404B CN 102783404 B CN102783404 B CN 102783404B CN 201210290790 A CN201210290790 A CN 201210290790A CN 102783404 B CN102783404 B CN 102783404B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a gulfweed proliferation and transplanting method. The method aims at the current conditions that the gulfweed resources seriously decay, and the marine ecology is damaged in the prior art, the proper gulfweed types and the sea region and intertidal zones suitable for the gulfweed to live and grow are screened, a round-table-shaped or trapezoidal cube artificial concrete attaching medium is utilized, sexual reproduction gulfweed juvenile sporophytes are used as seedling sources, the seedling sources are bound onto attaching medium grooves by a seedling clamping rope to be placed into the sea region, or fast curing cement is used for fixing the attaching medium subjected to the seedling attachment onto natural reefs based on the original ecology, the gulfweed proliferation and transplanting is carried out for recovering the natural gulfweed resources and protecting the coastal ecological environment, and the basic resources are provided for the marine ecology recovery. An artificial gulfweed field built by the method can be used for generational population reproduction, and the technical support is provided for the building of large-scale seaweed field and the marine ecology recovery.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to propagation and the trasplanting method of a kind of algae, be specifically related to a kind of island in Guangdong Province sargassum propagation and trasplanting method, belong to aquaculture, ecological reestablishment field.
Background technology
Due to global warming, water temperature raises, eutrophication aggravation, sea area is seriously polluted, transparency reduces, and the lands used such as littoral commercial and industrial are filled out sea and opened up wasteland, channel excavation, the mankind's excessive collection and the high strength of weed eater are gnawed, the impacts such as the waste water and waste liquid blowdown of shrimp pond and coastal engineering, change marine alga ecosystem environment, and degenerate in a large amount of natural algaes field, exhaustion, sea jungle area reducing, so disappear in flakes.The present situation of degenerating for China nature algae field, in order to protect the marine environment and to have managed littoral zone, reparation, reconstruction and construction tangleweed field are subject to each side and pay attention to and concern.
Sargassum is a kind of large-scale economic brown alga, and more than some kind frond maximum length can reach 7 m, its exploitation prospect is boundless.Sargassum nature algae perches the multiple marine organisms that living in field, is also the place that juvenile fish, small fishes are kept away enemy, forage, laid eggs.Sargassum is a kind of perennial marine alga, because fast growth, biomass are large, and the important function in shallow-sea ecology environment, can be used as that algae bed is rebuild, one of species of marine ecology biological restoration.
For protecting wild sargassum resource; delay the further deterioration of Offshore Ecology environment; and provide raw material for the processing and utilization of sargassum product; the propagation that patent of the present invention has been carried out sargassum is grown with moving, on impact propagation with move the key factor of growing effect and move the time of growing, frond size, increase the shape etc. of moving culturing method, adherance and carried out inquiring into and analyze as tidal level, morning and evening tides character, intensity of illumination, sediments, harmful organisms, increasing.Formed a set of complete, feasible sargassum propagation and moved the technical method of growing, the artificial repair and reconstruction that can be sargassum algae field provide technical support, finally for coastal ocean eco-environment restoration and protection provide effective method.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be directed at present the large-scale wild sargassum serious present situation of degenerating, sargassum is bred and moves the method and technology of growing, different adherances are screened, material, shape and the increasing of finally determining adherance moves time of growing etc., can manually repair the sargassum algae field of degenerating natural waters or manually rebuild new sargassum algae field.
1. for realizing the object of foregoing invention, the sargassum propagation that the present invention takes is with to move plantation technology method as follows:
Sargassum breeds and moves a culturing method, comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of adherance shape
Truncated cone-shaped or trapezoidal cube adherance are all suitable for sargassum and increase and to move in the process of growing juvenile sporophyte or to survive adhering to of seedling; Circular diameter 20 cm on truncated cone-shaped water-setting soil, lower circular diameter 40 cm, high 40 cm, weigh 60～75 Kg, and the groove of an appropriate depth is respectively carved in the side that is 24 cm, 30 cm and 36 cm places at round platform mid diameter, is suitable for diameter 0.4～0.8 cm seedling rope binding; Wide 15 * 15 cm on trapezoidal cube concrete block, lower wide 20 * 20 cm, high 15 cm;
(2) selection of adherance material
Concrete material is easy to appearance, low price, and after immersion treatment, spatfall is effective, durable in use, and environmental protection and be easy to promote, therefore select to increase and move the artificial adherance of growing as sargassum;
(3) selection of set mode
Method one: the adherance building as artificial algal reef with notched truncated cone-shaped concrete, throw in the intertidal zone that is suitable for sargassum growth; Utilize the sargassum juvenile sporophyte of artificial sexual propagation cultivation as seedling source, with diameter 6～8 mm nylon ropes, every 10 cm folder seedlings, be bundled in truncated cone-shaped concrete adherance groove, and making rhizoid be arranged in the groove of round platform as far as possible, rhizoid firmly invests on round platform gradually in process of growth;
Method two: the trapezoidal cube concrete block of suitable size, in indoor process immersion treatment, alkaline matter or noxious material are overflowed, in indoor raising of seedling workshop, adopt hydrostatic to adopt attached sargassum juvenile sporophyte, indoor semi-fluid water planting was educated after 1～2 month, when long 2 mm of juvenile sporophyte average body, with accelerated cement, in the time of low water, be fixed on sargassum ecosystem rock;
(4) size of frond
Method one: artificial seedling or natural seedling that folder seedling rope is bundled in truncated cone-shaped concrete adherance groove are advisable with 5～10 cm sizes, both be convenient to press from both sides seedling operation, after being beneficial to again input sea area, by mud scum, do not covered, Miao Tai great, is unfavorable for that rhizoid growth is bonded to artificial adherance;
Method two: while investing juvenile sporophyte indoor culture on artificial adherance to the long 2 mm left and right of body just fixedly on the rock of sea area, Miao Yue great, survival rate is higher, but the corresponding increase of indoor culture cost;
(5) breed and move the time of growing
Method one: when the suitable time in truncated cone-shaped concrete input sea area is long 5～10 cm of sargassum seedling of artificial culture, be generally and start November, release time too late, be unfavorable for that in frond process of growth, rhizoid is firmly secured on artificial adherance, cause frond after Summer High-Temperature Times rots, rhizoid easily comes off, and is unfavorable for nourishing and generating maintain the artificial reparation in sargassum algae field of population or rebuild by rhizoid;
Method two: being fixed on time in sea area with the adherance of artificial seedling with accelerated cement can be in July, and conventionally artificial seedling is larger, increases that to move the time of growing more late, and survival rate is higher;
(6) selection in place
General select that the depth of water is no more than that 6 m, transparency are large, nutritive salt is abundant, mud deposit and few etc. the sea area of algophagous aminal; Method one selects communications and transportation convenient, and the fouling organisms such as barnacle, Ascidian are few, and physical features is smooth, the inner bay that area is open, and offshore is nearer, and substrate is sandy or grit matter, and after ebb, lowest water level is comparatively desirable without dry ponding area at 30～100 cm throughout the year; Method two is chosen in the smooth ecosystem environment that has a large amount of rocks of substrate, and the sea area that morning and evening tides character is full-time tide is good compared with semi-diurnal tides sea area, and in the time of low water, the set of artificial adherance being constructed and solidified so just has the longer time;
(7) management maintenance
Artificial adherance is thrown in or is fixed on and specify behind sea area, should regularly observe, loosening should the reinforcing of folder seedling rope binding, the de-serious seedling rope of seedling should be filled the gaps with seedlings in time; Adherance body of one who has dropped dead by the roadside answer righting, remove as far as possible aufwuch and algophagous aminal, because sargassum is property marine alga for many years, when propagation or after moving the sargassum rhizoid of growing and firmly growing on artificial adherance, just can naturally multiply from generation to generation, artificial algae field only needs low level management just can.
Described accelerated cement is sodium silicate solution: volume ratio=0.6:1:2:0.3 of 42.5 grades of Portland cement: Sha Heshui.
Sargassum kind described in method one is more suitable in rhizoid half leaf sargassum of y-bend branch and the sheep dish of dwelling repeatedly.
Described sargassum breeds and moves culturing method, adopting truncated cone-shaped or trapezoidal cube adherance is because there is a gradient its side, can prevent to a certain extent that sea area sedimentation is on sargassum seedling, seedling is not buried and death by mud scum, as distributed in sargassum on natural reef, the side of adherance is conducive to sargassum and survives.Select the sargassum seedling source with sexual propagation artificial culture, can not cause artificial destruction to natural sargassum resource, sargassum sexual propagation power is strong, can meet extensive increasing and move the demand of growing sargassum seed.
Sargassum of the present invention breeds and moves culturing method, it is the life habit according to sargassum, by exploring the envirment factor of growing under natural environment, adopt artificial seedling source and artificial adherance, artificial breeds frond or move and grow in natural waters, can forever survive, and the artificial algae field finally taking on a certain scale, play and recover sargassum resource, ensure the raw material supply of sargassum resources development and utilization, and improve sea area ecotope, increase the effect of fishery resources.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: island in Guangdong Province sargassum propagation is according to the life habit of island in Guangdong Province sargassum with trasplanting method, by exploring the envirment factor of growing under natural environment, the artificial not natural waters of this algae that frond is implanted in, can forever survive, and the artificial algae field finally taking on a certain scale, play the ecotope that improves this sea area, enrich fishery resources.
Embodiment
Below by example, the present invention is described in further details, these examples are only used for illustrating the present invention, do not limit the scope of the invention.
1. investigate and throw in sea area marine alga distribution situation, morning and evening tides character, stained and harmful organisms situation, generally selects that the depth of water is no more than that 6 m, transparency are large, nutritive salt is abundant, mud deposit and few etc. the sea area of algophagous aminal.The impacts such as tidal level, temperature of exposure and dry, intensity of illumination, rainfall, turbidity, wave and base portion silt content also should be considered in the concrete place of implementing.
2. near being chosen in the sea area of input, make on the spot adherance, with iron sheet, make concrete adherance mould, circular diameter 20 cm on the truncated cone-shaped adherance being shaped, lower circular diameter 40 cm, high 40 cm, weigh 60～75 Kg, respectively there is the groove of an appropriate depth side that is 24 cm, 30 cm and 36 cm places at round platform mid diameter.Wide 15 * 15 cm on the trapezoidal cube concrete block being shaped, lower wide 20 * 20 cm, high 15 cm.
3. utilize the sexual propagation of sargassum to carry out artificial breeding, specifically using nylon cloth seedling curtain or concrete as adherance, manually to adopt spatfall, the indoor cultivation sporophyte seedling that combines with sea area.
4. the sargassum seed of length 5～10 cm that cultivate on artificial seedling curtain being connected to root collects, every 2～3 of 10 cm folder seedlings on the polyethylene seedling rope of diameter 0.4～0.8 cm, long 1.5 cm of every offspring rope, every 10 a bundles of seedling rope that clip seedling are first put in the cement pit of seawater and support temporarily, if the folder seedling time length need in pond, press 1/10 m
2laying the inflation of gas stone cultivates.
5. select communications and transportation convenient, the fouling organism such as barnacle, Ascidian is few, physical features is smooth, the inner bay that area is open, offshore is nearer, and substrate is sandy or grit matter, after ebb, lowest water level has been thrown in truncated cone-shaped adherance at 30～100 cm in advance without dry ponding area throughout the year, when the lower low water of spring tide, folder seedling rope is bundled in adherance groove, and rhizoid is close in the groove of round platform as far as possible, rhizoid firmly invests on round platform gradually in process of growth.If the darker inconvenient bundling operation of input place water when lower low water of selecting, throws in after also can first tying up seedling, but the overlong time of will noting not being exposed to the sun under the sun in handling process.
6. the trapezoidal cube concrete block of suitable size, in indoor process immersion treatment, alkaline matter or noxious material are overflowed, in indoor raising of seedling workshop, adopt hydrostatic to adopt attached sargassum juvenile sporophyte, indoor semi-fluid water planting was educated after 1～2 month, when long 2 mm of juvenile sporophyte average body, with accelerated cement (volume ratio of sodium silicate solution, 42.5 grades of Portland cements, Sha Heshui is 0.6:1:2:0.3), be fixed on sargassum ecosystem rock when the lower low water.
7. determining for the release time, when the suitable time in truncated cone-shaped concrete input sea area is long 5～10 cm of sargassum seedling of artificial culture, be generally and start November, release time too late, be unfavorable for that in frond process of growth, rhizoid is firmly secured on artificial adherance, cause frond after Summer High-Temperature Times rots, rhizoid easily comes off, and impact nourishes and generates to maintain the artificial effect of repairing or rebuilding in sargassum algae field of population by rhizoid like this.With the trapezoidal cube adherance of artificial seedling, with accelerated cement, being fixed on time in sea area can be in July, and conventionally artificial seedling is larger, increases that to move the time of growing more late, and survival rate is higher.
8. artificial adherance is thrown in or is fixed on and specify behind sea area, should regularly observe, loosening should the reinforcing of folder seedling rope binding, the de-serious seedling rope of seedling should be filled the gaps with seedlings in time.Adherance body of one who has dropped dead by the roadside answer righting, remove as far as possible aufwuch and algophagous aminal, as reticulate pattern barnacle, Ascidian, Turbo cornulus etc.Because sargassum is property marine alga for many years, when propagation or after moving the sargassum rhizoid of growing and firmly growing on artificial adherance, just can naturally multiply from generation to generation, artificial algae field only needs low level management just can.
Embodiment 1
Year December in January, 2010 to 2011, utilize this method carry out sargassum grow seedlings supply seed, at Maoming Zhu Zhoudao and Zhanjiang Naozhou Island of Zhanjiang, built up respectively 21 mu and 20 mu of the artificial oceanic pastures of sargassum.
Embodiment 2
Filter out half leaf sargassum of rhizoid prosperity year December in January, 2010 to 2011 as the marine alga kind of algae field structure, determine the adherance that notched truncated cone-shaped concrete builds as artificial algal reef, the seedling source that the half leaf sargassum children spore seedling of cultivating with artificial sexual propagation builds as algae field, after being bundled in truncated cone-shaped concrete adherance groove with nylon rope clamp seedling, throwing at Naozhou Island of Zhanjiang and have in the ecosystem environment of half leaf sargassum growth.Result shows that half leaf sargassum shoot survival percent is 67.2%, young spore seedling average out to 6.5 strains of regenerating in process of growth of each seedling source rhizoid, long average out to 1.74 m of frond when seedling source receptacle in the first tenday period of a month in May is ripe, rhizoid growth average length can reach 3.8 cm, artificial constructed sargassum field can be multiplied population from generation to generation, sargassum construction method is feasible, for building tangleweed field and marine ecology reparation, provides technical support.
Embodiment 3
Based on affecting on the basis of the limiting factor diagnosis that island in Guangdong Province sargassum ecosystem sea jungle distributes, year February in May, 2009 to 2011, with concrete, do after adherance is manually adopted spore to be individually fixed on the propagation rock of the selected tidal level in South Mountain, Xuwen, Zhanjiang with accelerated cement, ecosystem is proliferated into motility rate and reaches 29.2%, the Growth and reproduction of anniversary observation and comparison artificial fecundation seedling and natural, ecological seedling, result shows that nature seedling growth is faster than artificial fecundation seedling then, but both growths do not have significant difference (P > 0.05), and breeding period is also synchronous.By permanent curing glue and add tripoli brick glue transplanting wild seedling, after 2 months, move that to grow survival rate be 11.8%, the transplanted seedling surviving growth is then slower than ecosystem nature seedling, but there is not significant difference (P > 0.05) in both.It is identical that the propagation seedling Second Year surviving starts growth rate and ecosystem nature seedling.
Claims (3)
1. sargassum breeds and moves a culturing method, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) selection of adherance shape
Truncated cone-shaped concrete adherance or trapezoidal cube concrete block are all suitable for sargassum and increase and to move in the process of growing juvenile sporophyte or to survive adhering to of seedling; Circular diameter 20 cm on truncated cone-shaped concrete adherance, lower circular diameter 40 cm, high 40 cm, weigh 60～75 Kg, and a groove is respectively carved in the side that is 24 cm, 30 cm and 36 cm places at round platform mid diameter, is suitable for diameter 0.4～0.8 cm seedling rope binding; Wide 15 * 15 cm on trapezoidal cube concrete block, lower wide 20 * 20 cm, high 15 cm;
(2) selection of adherance material
Concrete material is easy to appearance, low price, and after immersion treatment, spatfall is effective, durable in use, and environmental protection and be easy to promote, therefore select to increase and move truncated cone-shaped concrete adherance or the trapezoidal cube concrete block of growing as sargassum;
(3) selection of set mode
Method one: the truncated cone-shaped concrete adherance or the trapezoidal cube concrete block that with notched truncated cone-shaped concrete, as artificial algal reef, build, throw in the intertidal zone that is suitable for sargassum growth; Utilize the sargassum juvenile sporophyte of artificial sexual propagation cultivation as seedling source, with diameter 6～8 mm nylon ropes, every 10 cm folder seedlings, be bundled in truncated cone-shaped concrete adherance groove, and rhizoid is close in the groove of round platform, rhizoid firmly invests on round platform gradually in process of growth;
Method two: the trapezoidal cube concrete block of suitable size, in indoor process immersion treatment, alkaline matter or noxious material are overflowed, in indoor raising of seedling workshop, adopt hydrostatic to adopt attached sargassum juvenile sporophyte, indoor semi-fluid water planting was educated after 1～2 month, when long 2 mm of juvenile sporophyte average body, with accelerated cement, in the time of low water, be fixed on sargassum ecosystem rock;
(4) size of frond
Method one: artificial seedling or natural seedling that folder seedling rope is bundled in truncated cone-shaped concrete adherance groove are advisable with 5～10 cm sizes, both be convenient to press from both sides seedling operation, after being beneficial to again input sea area, by mud scum, do not covered, Miao Tai great, is unfavorable for being bonded in rhizoid process of growth truncated cone-shaped concrete adherance or trapezoidal cube concrete block;
Method two: while investing juvenile sporophyte indoor culture on truncated cone-shaped concrete adherance or trapezoidal cube concrete block to long 2 mm of body just fixedly on the rock of sea area, Miao Yue great, survival rate is higher, but the corresponding increase of indoor culture cost;
(5) breed and move the time of growing
Method one: when the suitable time in truncated cone-shaped concrete input sea area is long 5～10 cm of sargassum seedling of artificial culture, for starting November, release time too late, be unfavorable for that in frond process of growth, rhizoid is firmly secured on truncated cone-shaped concrete adherance or trapezoidal cube concrete block, cause frond after Summer High-Temperature Times rots, rhizoid easily comes off, and is unfavorable for nourishing and generating maintain the artificial reparation in sargassum algae field of population or rebuild by rhizoid;
Method two: in July, artificial seedling is larger with the truncated cone-shaped concrete adherance of artificial seedling or time that trapezoidal cube concrete block is fixed on sea area with accelerated cement, increases that to move the time of growing more late, and survival rate is higher;
(6) selection in place
Select that the depth of water is no more than that 6 m, transparency are large, nutritive salt is abundant, mud deposit and the few sea area of algophagous aminal; Method one selects communications and transportation convenient, and barnacle, Ascidian fouling organism are few, and physical features is smooth, the inner bay that area is open, and offshore is nearer, and substrate is sandy or grit matter, and after ebb, lowest water level is comparatively desirable without dry ponding area at 30～100 cm throughout the year; Method two is chosen in the smooth ecosystem environment that has a large amount of rocks of substrate, morning and evening tides character is that the sea area of full-time tide is good compared with semi-diurnal tides sea area, and in the time of low water, the set of truncated cone-shaped concrete adherance or trapezoidal cube concrete block being constructed and solidified so just has the longer time;
(7) management maintenance
Truncated cone-shaped concrete adherance or trapezoidal cube concrete block are thrown in or are fixed on behind appointment sea area, should regularly observe, loosening should the reinforcing of folder seedling rope binding, the de-serious seedling rope of seedling should be filled the gaps with seedlings in time; Truncated cone-shaped concrete adherance or trapezoidal cube concrete block body of one who has dropped dead by the roadside answer righting, remove aufwuch and algophagous aminal, because sargassum is property marine alga for many years, when propagation or after moving the sargassum rhizoid of growing and firmly growing on truncated cone-shaped concrete adherance or trapezoidal cube concrete block, just can naturally multiply from generation to generation, artificial algae field only needs low level management.
2. a kind of sargassum according to claim 1 breeds and moves culturing method, it is characterized in that: described accelerated cement is sodium silicate solution: volume ratio=0.6:1:2:0.3 of Portland cement: Sha Heshui.
A kind of sargassum propagation according to claim 1 with move culturing method and it is characterized in that: the sargassum kind described in method one is selected from rhizoid half leaf sargassum of y-bend branch and the sheep dish of dwelling repeatedly.
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