CN216492469U - Lotus root field system is bred to broad-body gold thread leech - Google Patents
Lotus root field system is bred to broad-body gold thread leech Download PDFInfo
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- CN216492469U CN216492469U CN202123176508.1U CN202123176508U CN216492469U CN 216492469 U CN216492469 U CN 216492469U CN 202123176508 U CN202123176508 U CN 202123176508U CN 216492469 U CN216492469 U CN 216492469U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a whitmania pigra cultivation lotus root field system. In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the wide-body leech gold thread lotus root field system comprises a lotus root field, wherein annular ditches are dug around the lotus root field, communication ditches are arranged in the annular ditches, the width of each annular ditch and each communication ditch is controlled to be 40-50 cm, the bottoms of the communication ditches and the annular ditches are formed by a plurality of sections of communication ditches and the bottoms of the annular ditches, wave crests or wave troughs are formed between adjacent slope bottoms, spiral collecting pits are dug at the positions of the wave troughs, a drain pipe is arranged at the bottom of each spiral collecting pit, a fixed pulley and a pull rope are arranged above each spiral collecting pit, one end of each pull rope is tied to a tray, the tray comprises a frame and a net bottom connected to the frame, the other end of each pull rope crosses over the fixed pulley and is tied to the middle section of a lever, the front end of the lever is hinged and fixed, and the tray can be sunk into the spiral collecting pits and is provided with a hand-dip net. The utility model is suitable for high-density culture of whitmania pigra.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a whitmania pigra cultivation lotus root field system.
Background
Whitmania pigra Whitman, also called Whitmania pigra Whitman, belongs to the order of Whitmania pigra Whitman, the family of Hirudinidae, is a species of traditional Chinese medicine with high use value, and is mainly used for extracting natural hirudin with anticoagulant and thrombolytic effects. The whitmania pigra is a cold blood mollusk, inhabits paddy fields, rivers, lakes, shallow ponds and other places, is distributed in most regions in China, is mainly produced in lakes such as Shandong Weishan, Dongping and south Sihu, and has the maximum yield in the Weishan lake. The leech has the characteristics of large individual, quick reproduction, high yield, strong regeneration capacity, strong immunity, hunger resistance, drought resistance, no blood absorption, easy acquisition of bait and the like, the leech prefers to be shady and cool, is resistant to sunlight and strong in adaptability, the optimal growth temperature is 20-30 ℃, the leech is dormant in soil when the temperature in the northern area is lower than 3 ℃, and the leech activity is about 8 ℃ in the next year.
The lotus root can provide a shady and lightproof aquatic environment, is suitable for the growth of leeches, belongs to wild resources, is small in quantity, very compact and high in value as a traditional Chinese medicinal material, is one of more ideal objects for breeding in a lotus root field, and is a three-dimensional breeding project with small investment and quick response by mainly breeding leeches and intercropping loaches in the lotus root field.
2018.02.09, publication No. CN 107667932A, discloses a high-density cultivation method for lotus root by leech intercropping. The utility model discloses a leech is bred to the artificial feed that the method was made with pig blood and peanut withered, and leech quality, medicinal value have great disparity than wild leech. The prior art urgently needs a leech culture system and a leech culture method which can culture leeches at high density, can simulate the wild environment of the leeches, does not reduce the quality and medicinal value of the leeches and can harvest the lotus roots and the leeches in two abundance.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to solve the technical problem of how to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a system for culturing whitmania pigra.
In order to solve the technical problem, the system for culturing the lotus root field by the whitmania pigra whitman comprises a lotus root field and is characterized in that: the method is characterized in that a ring ditch is dug around the lotus root field, a communication ditch is arranged in the ring ditch, the ring ditch and the communication ditch are communicated with each other, a field-shaped or mesh-shaped or grid-shaped structure is formed in the lotus root field, the width of the ring ditch and the communication ditch is controlled to be between 40 and 50cm, the bottom of the communication ditch and the bottom of the ring ditch are formed by a plurality of sections of slope bottoms, wave crests or wave troughs are formed between adjacent slope bottoms, spiral collecting pits are dug at the wave troughs, a drain pipe is arranged at the bottom of each spiral collecting pit, a fixed pulley and a pull rope are arranged above each spiral collecting pit, one end of the pull rope is tied to a tray, the tray comprises a frame and a net bottom connected to the frame, the net bottom is made of 8 to 10-mesh stainless steel wire mesh, the other end of the pull rope crosses the fixed pulley and is tied to the front end of a lever, the tray can be sunk into the spiral collecting pits, the tray can be pulled out of the spiral collecting pits when the rear end of the lever is pressed down, and is provided with a handsheet, the hand-made net comprises a handle, wherein one end of the handle is provided with a handle, the other end of the handle is connected with a round frame, a net bag is connected with the round frame, and the depth of the net bag is smaller than the radius of the round frame. By the design, the empty snail shells can be conveniently collected (the method is shown below), the eating condition of the Whitmania pigra Whitman is estimated according to the number of the empty snail shells, and whether bait, namely living river snails, needs to be further thrown in.
Preferably, one side of each lever is also provided with a limiting column, a downward limiting hook is arranged on the limiting column, the hook opening of the limiting hook faces downward, and when the tray is sunk into the screw collecting pit, the rear part of each lever is clamped on the limiting hook. By the design, the lever can be prevented from swinging when being blown by outdoor wind.
The cultivation method of the whitmania pigra and lotus root field comprises the following steps:
1. construction of lotus root field
1.1 Lotus rhizome field Condition
The selected soil layer is deep, fertile, well illuminated, proper in water depth and good in water retention, the pH value of the soil is 6-7, and the area of the lotus root field is preferably 20-30 mu.
1.2 Water quality Condition
The water source is sufficient, the water quality is excellent, no pollution is caused, the irrigation and drainage are convenient, and the drought is not lack of water and the waterlogging is not submerged.
1.3 digging circular ditch and traffic ditch
The method comprises the steps of excavating a circular ditch around a lotus root field, excavating a traffic ditch in the circular ditch, wherein the circular ditch and the traffic ditch form a shape like a Chinese character 'tian', a shape like a Chinese character 'mu' or a grid in the lotus root field, dividing the lotus root field into a plurality of square blocks, controlling the width of the circular ditch and the traffic ditch to be between 40 and 50cm, forming the bottoms of the traffic ditch and the circular ditch by a plurality of sections of slope bottoms, forming wave crests or wave troughs between adjacent slope bottoms, and excavating a snail collecting pit at the wave trough.
1.4 empty snail shell collection
Every collection spiral shell hole end is equipped with the drain pipe, and every collection spiral shell hole top is equipped with fixed pulley and stay cord, and stay cord one end system is a tray, and this tray includes the frame and connects the net bottom on the frame, and the net bottom is made by 8~10 mesh stainless steel net, and the stay cord other end strides across the fixed pulley after, on the middle section of a lever, and this lever front end is articulated fixed, in the tray can sink into collection spiral shell hole, when pushing down the lever rear end, can with the tray pulls out collection spiral shell hole.
1.5 erection of escape-proof net
Arranging an escape-proof wall on the inner side of the lotus root field ridge by using a hard plastic plate, asbestos tiles or polyethylene net sheets, burying the bottom of the escape-proof wall into the soil for 30cm, exposing the upper part of the escape-proof wall to about 40cm of the soil surface, piling a bundle of bamboo poles at the edge of the lotus root field for fixing, and filtering a water inlet of the lotus root field by using a 30-mesh silk to prevent wild fishes and trash fishes from entering the lotus root field; the water outlet is provided with an escape-proof net by using a wire mesh and a bamboo foil, so that leeches and loaches are prevented from escaping.
Second, breeding lotus root
2.1 Lotus root planting
Selecting fresh, strong, vigorous, complete root, no plant diseases and insect pests and no damage lotus seeds, namely selecting full-branch lotus seeds, wherein more than 3 nodes of the lotus seeds are required to carry 1-2 lotus roots, the terminal buds are free of damage and diseases, and the weight of each lotus seed is not less than 0.75 kg; and secondly, selecting the sub-lotus roots as lotus root seeds, wherein the sub-lotus roots are required to have 2 stout and mature lotus root branches, terminal buds are not damaged and broken, and the weight of each sub-lotus root is not less than 0.2 kg.
Planting lotus roots at the bottom of 3 months and at the beginning of 4 months, applying base fertilizer 15-20 days before planting, applying 1400-plus-one fermented organic fertilizer 2000kg per mu, uniformly spreading the fertilizer, ploughing and raking mud at the bottom of the pond, then sterilizing 80-100kg per mu with quick lime, digging the lotus seeds along with the seeds, burying the head of the lotus roots into soil 10cm during planting, slightly obliquely exposing the rear section to form 20-30 degrees with the ground surface, planting row spacing of 1.5-2m, plant spacing of 0.8-1m, planting 300-plus-one lotus seeds per mu of 400kg, and storing water in a lotus pond to 5-10cm after planting.
2.2 stocking the seeds
Selecting leech young seedlings with regular specification, strong physique, activity and force and specification of more than 10g,
when the water temperature is stabilized to be more than 15 ℃ in the first ten days of 4 months, putting seeds, applying additional fertilizer 7 days before putting the seeds, applying 100kg of fermented organic fertilizer, fertilizing the water quality, then injecting new water to enable the water level to reach 20-30cm, testing water before putting the seeds, putting the leech seeds after the water testing is safe, putting the leech seeds in the lotus root field, putting enough leech seeds in the lotus root field to be put at one time, putting the density of cultivation to be generally 50 kg/mu, inspecting the pond after the second day of cultivation, fishing out dead seedlings and recording, and timely filling the seedlings if the death rate of the leech seedlings reaches more than 20%.
Selecting loach fry with regular specification, strong physique, no disease or injury, smooth body surface and body length not less than 5 cm.
And (3) putting loach seedlings in 5 months, wherein the length of the put loach seedlings is not less than 5cm, the putting amount is preferably 20kg per mu, before putting the loach seedlings for long-distance transportation in a stocking, repeatedly soaking the loach seedlings for 2-3 times for 2 minutes each time, then soaking the loach seedlings in 3% saline solution for 3-5 minutes to improve the stocking survival rate, checking the loach seedlings in a pond next day after stocking, fishing out the dead loach seedlings and recording the dead loach seedlings, wherein if the death rate of the loach seedlings reaches more than 20%, the loach seedlings are timely supplemented.
Planting and breeding management
3.1 timely topdressing
The growth period of the lotus roots is long, more fertilizers are needed, the additional fertilizers are generally needed for 2 times besides base fertilizers and additional fertilizers before seedling placement, and when 3-4 lotus leaf branches grow on the lotus roots, 20kg of compound fertilizers are applied in each mu; when the lotus root leaves are finally pulled out, 30-50kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu of lotus root field, the ammonia smell of the fertilizer can cause certain damage to leeches and loaches during fertilization, the requirement of growth of the lotus roots on the fertilizer is guaranteed, the damage to cultivated varieties due to topdressing is avoided, new water is not injected during topdressing to keep the water body of the lotus root field in a static state, a method of graded and segmented fertilization is adopted, only half of the lotus root field is applied each time under the condition that the total topdressing amount is not changed, and the other half of the lotus root field is applied after 3-5 days when the ammonia smell of the fertilized half of the lotus root field disappears, so that leeches and loaches can avoid the area by area, and safety is guaranteed.
3.2 diseases prevention by Nelumbo Nucifera Gaertn
The disease control of lotus roots is mainly realized by physical control and assisted by medicament control, the lotus root field mainly used for culturing leeches and intercropping loaches is conditionally and preferably provided with a frequency-vibration type insecticidal lamp, so that not only can pests be killed and the pesticide consumption be reduced, but also the killed pests can be eaten by the loaches, when the pesticides are required to be used, efficient, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides with low toxicity to the leeches and the loaches are selected, the water level in the field is deepened when the pesticides are applied, and a method for applying the pesticides by stages is adopted when the pesticides are applied.
3.3 feed feeding
A certain amount of viviparidae is put into the lotus root field, the viviparidae is put into the annular ditch of the lotus root field at a fixed point in time after the leech seedlings are put into the lotus root field, the putting amount per mu is preferably 400 plus 500kg, the first feeding amount is about 50 percent of the total amount, then the viviparidae is fed for multiple times according to the breeding of the viviparidae and the eating condition of the leech, the viviparidae is natural bait which is favored by the leech and naturally breeds, the viviparidae and the leech grow together, and the viviparidae can provide bait for the leech and also play a role in regulating and purifying water quality.
Loaches belong to omnivorous fishes, aquatic small animals, microorganisms, organic debris and the like are favorite food, loaches are intercropped in lotus root fields, the purpose is mainly to loosen the soil of lotus roots and stir substrates to achieve the effect of fertile water quality, the intercropping proportion is low, the natural baits of plankton and organic debris in water basically can meet the growth requirement, and no additional feed is fed.
3.4 Water quality control
The method is characterized in that three-dimensional cultivation of the lotus root field is carried out, water level regulation and control are very important, the growth requirements of leeches and loaches are met, the growth conditions of lotus roots are met, the water level is timely regulated and controlled according to factors such as seasons, temperature and water quality change conditions, the water depth is controlled to be 20-30cm at the initial cultivation stage, the water level of the lotus root field is gradually increased to 30-50cm along with the rise of the temperature in summer under the condition that the growth of the lotus roots is not influenced, in the season that the lotus roots grow vigorously, water is easily degraded due to the fact that the water surface is covered by lotus leaves, the light of a water body is insufficient, the water quality is easily degraded, the water body is easily anoxic, water is changed periodically, the water is changed for 1 time every 7-10 days, and the water change amount is 1/3 of the original water amount of the lotus root field.
3.5 inspection of pond
The cultivation management work needs to make frequent pond patrol, make cultivation production records and make 'four inquiries' in the pond patrol process, namely, the water quality and water level change condition is measured, and the water temperature, dissolved oxygen and PH value are measured periodically; secondly, checking the integrity of the escape-proof facilities regularly; thirdly, checking whether the pond ridge is damaged or not and checking whether the pond ridge is leaked or not; and fourthly, regularly lifting the vivipara empty shell collector to observe the ingestion condition of the leech, if the vivipara empty shell collector is found to be large in number, the amount of the fed vivipara cannot meet the requirement of timely feeding for the growth of the leech, and if the vivipara empty shell collector is found to be abnormal, timely taking measures.
3.6 disease control
The disease resistance of the leech is strong, only if the lotus root field water body is kept alive and fresh and pollution-free, the disease is rarely caused, carnivorous organisms such as snakes, rats, frogs and centipedes can eat and damage the leech, and the escape-preventing facility needs to be checked frequently to remove enemy organisms in time.
The disease control of the leech is based on prevention and control combination, the leech is kept on pond patrol, the eating and activity condition of the leech is observed carefully, the disease is found, the disease is treated in time according to symptoms, 1-2ppm of bleaching powder is used for water body disinfection and prevention every half month, a certain amount of medical bait added with garlicin and compound vitamin is regularly fed, the disease is prevented, the common diseases of the leech, such as blight, white spot disease and enteritis, can be cured in vitro by adopting 2-3ppm of bleaching powder, and simultaneously 2-3ppm of oxytetracycline medical bait is fed for 6 days for treatment.
3.7 collecting empty snail shells regularly, estimating the leech eating condition according to the amount of the empty snail shells, and estimating the number of field snails capable of being eaten by the leech according to the proportion of the empty snail shells in the snail shells, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
3.7.1 draining water through the drain pipe every 15 days, flowing the accumulated water in the lotus root field to the surrounding ring ditch and communication ditch, entering the ring ditch and communication ditch with flowing water by the empty snail shell and part of living snail in the lotus root field, finally collecting the water in each snail collecting pit, preparing a hand-net at the same time, wherein the hand-net comprises a handle, one end of which is provided with a handle, the other end is connected with a round frame, the round frame is connected with a net bag, and the depth of the net bag is less than the radius of the round frame.
3.7.2 then pressing the rear end of the lever at one side of the snail collecting pit, then quickly releasing-pressing the rear end of the lever for a plurality of times to drive the tray to quickly bump up and down, wherein the snail shells are continuously turned until the tray does not flow down, at the moment, the accumulated water in the hollow snail shells of the tray is basically discharged, then releasing the rear end of the lever to immerse the tray into the water again, at the moment, the air in the empty snail shells enables the empty snail shells to float on the water surface, the living snails are immersed into the water, holding the hand-held net, fishing out the empty snail shells floating on the water surface, repeating the operations until no new empty snail shells float on the water surface, then collecting and pouring out the living snails of the tray, then returning to the step 3.7.2 to carry out the same operation on the next snail collecting pit until all the empty snail shells and the living snails in the snail collecting pits are respectively selected and concentrated and compared, if the individual number of the empty snail shells does not exceed 1/3 of the living snails, the living river snails are scattered again and thrown into the lotus root field, and water is injected into the lotus root field again.
If the number of the empty snail shells exceeds 1/3 of the number of the live river snails, additionally taking live river snails baits with the number equivalent to that of the empty snail shells, supplementing the live river snails into the live river snails, then dispersedly throwing all the live river snails into the lotus root field, and injecting water into the lotus root field again, and crushing the collected empty snail shells and then burying the crushed shells into soil or serving as chitin raw materials.
Fourthly, harvesting by fishing
4.1 fishing in the culture process: method for ground cage
Taking a large-mesh ground cage with meshes of 20mm × 20mm rectangular, arranging a horn-shaped inlet at the inlet of the ground cage, placing a small amount of coagulated pig blood clots in the ground cage, then dispersedly putting the ground cage into a lotus root field, taking out the ground cage after one day, wherein most of leeches in the ground cage are grown into over-productive adult leeches.
4.2 harvesting and catching
Before collectively fishing the leeches and the loaches in the last ten days of 9 months and marketing, discharging excessive water in the lotus root field through a drain pipe, respectively collecting empty snail shells and living river snails which are brought into a circular ditch and a traffic ditch by flowing water, dispersedly placing the large-mesh ground cages into the lotus root field, placing a small amount of solidified pig blood clots into the ground cages, then injecting water into the lotus root field again until the water is submerged in the large-mesh ground cages, fishing up the ground cages after two days, taking out the leeches in the ground cages, then placing a small amount of solidified pig blood clots into the ground cages again, dispersedly placing the pig blood clots into the lotus root field again, then repeating the operation for fishing, and capturing most of the leeches through 2-3 times of repeated operation.
After the leech is caught in the middle and last ten days of 10 months, the lotus roots can be dug and come into the market, a few of adult leeches and young leeches left in the lotus root field naturally live through the winter in the lotus root field, and the leeches are used as parents and seedlings to be continuously cultured in the beginning of the next year. Loaches enter the ground cages during the fishing process, and can be thrown into lotus root fields again or sold or chopped into meat blocks to replace coagulated pig blood blocks and thrown into the large-mesh ground cages.
By the design, the eating condition of the whitmania pigra whitman is estimated through the number of the empty snail shells, and whether bait, namely living river snacks, needs to be further thrown. Not only can guarantee the sufficient supply of the living river snails and the growth requirement of the Whitmania pigra Whitman, but also can prevent the living river snails from throwing too much and eating lotus roots excessively to influence the harvest of the lotus roots.
The whitmania pigra cultivation lotus root field system is suitable for high-density cultivation of medicinal whitmania pigra.
Drawings
The system for cultivating whitmania pigra and whitmania pigra according to the utility model is further explained by the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a lotus root field in the present system for culturing Whitmania pigra Whitman;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the lotus rhizome field of FIG. 1 taken along the line A-A;
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a handsheet in the present Whitmania pigra Whitman cultivation Lotus rhizome field system;
FIG. 4 is a diagram (one) of the position relationship among the slope bottom, the snail collecting pit, the fixed pulley, the pull rope, the lever and the limiting column in the system for cultivating the whitmania pigra;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the position relationship among the slope bottom, the snail collecting pit, the fixed pulley, the pull rope, the lever and the limiting column in the system for cultivating the whitmania pigra.
In the figure: 1 is a circular ditch, 2 is a traffic ditch, 3 is a slope bottom, 4 is a screw collecting pit, 5 is a fixed pulley, 6 is a pull rope, 7 is a tray, 71 is a frame, 72 is a net bottom, 8 is a lever, 9 is a hand-net, 91 is a handle, 92 is a handle, 93 is a circular frame, 94 is a net bag, 10 is a limit column, 11 is a limit hook, 12 is a peak formed between adjacent slope bottoms, L is the depth of the net bag 94, and R is the radius of the circular frame 93.
Detailed Description
The first implementation mode comprises the following steps: as shown in figures 1-5, the whitmania pigra cultivation lotus root field system comprises a lotus root field, and is characterized in that: the method is characterized in that a ring ditch 1 is dug around a lotus root field, a communication ditch 2 is arranged in the ring ditch 1, the ring ditch 1 and the communication ditch 2 are communicated with each other, a field shape, a mesh shape or a grid shape is formed in the lotus root field, the width of the ring ditch 1 and the communication ditch 2 is controlled to be between 40 and 50cm, the ditch bottoms of the ring ditch 1 and the communication ditch 2 are formed by a plurality of sections of slope bottoms 3, wave crests 12 or wave troughs are formed between the adjacent slope bottoms 3, spiral collecting pits 4 are dug at the wave troughs, a drain pipe (not shown in the figure) is arranged at the bottom of each spiral collecting pit 4, a fixed pulley 5 and a pull rope 6 are arranged above each spiral collecting pit 4, one end of the pull rope 6 is tied to a tray 7, the tray 7 comprises a frame 71 and a net bottom 72 connected to the frame 71, the net bottom 72 is made of a stainless steel wire mesh with 8 to 10 meshes, the other end of the pull rope 6 crosses over a fixed pulley 5 and then is tied to the middle section of a lever 8, the front end of the lever 8 is hinged and fixed, the tray 7 can be sunk into the spiral collecting pits 4, when the rear end of the lever 8 is pressed down, the tray 7 can be pulled out of the screw collecting pit 4 and is provided with a hand-held net 9, the hand-held net 9 comprises a handle 91, one end of the handle 91 is provided with a handle 92, the other end of the handle is connected to a round frame 93, a net bag 94 is connected to the round frame 93, and the depth L of the net bag 94 is smaller than the radius R of the round frame 93.
A limiting column 10 is further arranged on one side of each lever 8, a downward limiting hook 11 is arranged on each limiting column 10, the hook opening of each limiting hook 11 is downward, and when the tray 7 sinks into the screw collecting pit 4, the rear portion of each lever 8 is clamped on each limiting hook 11.
The side walls and slope bottoms of the circular ditches 1 and the traffic ditches 2 and the side walls and the bottoms of the screw collecting pits 4 should be compacted and fixed by concrete guniting if necessary, so as to prevent the loaches from being damaged by water flow scouring and avoiding the loaches from digging holes in the circular ditches and the traffic ditches.
The cultivation method of the whitmania pigra and lotus root field comprises the following steps:
1. construction of lotus root field
1.1 Lotus rhizome field Condition
Selecting a thick soil layer, fertile soil, good illumination, proper water depth, good water retention, a soil pH value of 6-7 and a lotus root field area of 20-30 mu;
1.2 Water quality Condition
The water source is sufficient, the water quality is excellent, no pollution is caused, the irrigation and drainage are convenient, and the drought is not lack of water and the waterlogging is not submerged.
1.3 digging a circular ditch 1 and a traffic ditch 2.
The method comprises the steps of excavating a circular ditch around a lotus root field, excavating a traffic ditch 2 in the circular ditch 1, wherein the circular ditch 1 and the traffic ditch 2 form a shape like a Chinese character tian or a shape like a Chinese character mu or a grid in the lotus root field, dividing the lotus root field into a plurality of square blocks, controlling the width of the circular ditch 1 and the width of the traffic ditch 2 to be 40-50 cm, forming the bottoms of the traffic ditch 2 and the circular ditch 1 by a plurality of sections of slope bottoms 3, forming wave crests 12 or wave troughs between adjacent slope bottoms 3, and excavating snail collecting pits 4 at the wave troughs.
1.4 empty snail shell collection
A drain pipe (not shown in the figure) is arranged at the bottom of each screw collecting pit 4, a fixed pulley 5 and a pull rope 6 are arranged above each screw collecting pit 4, one end of the pull rope 6 is tied to a tray 7, the tray comprises a frame and a net bottom connected to the frame, the net bottom is made of 8-10-mesh stainless steel wire net, the other end of the pull rope 6 crosses over the fixed pulley 5 and then is tied to the middle section of a lever 8, the front end of the lever 8 is hinged and fixed, the tray 7 can be sunk into the screw collecting pits 4, and when the rear end of the lever 8 is pressed down, the tray 7 can be pulled out of the screw collecting pits 4;
1.5 erection of escape-proof net
An anti-escape wall (not shown) is arranged on the inner side of the lotus root field ridge by using a hard plastic plate (not shown), asbestos tiles (not shown) or polyethylene net sheets, the bottom of the anti-escape wall is required to be embedded into the soil by 30cm, the upper part of the anti-escape wall is exposed out of the soil by about 40cm, bamboo poles are piled at the pond edge for fixing, and a 30-mesh silk is used for filtering a water inlet of the lotus root field to prevent wild fishes and trash fishes from entering the lotus root field; the drain outlet is provided with an escape-proof net by using a wire mesh and a bamboo foil to prevent leeches and loaches from escaping;
second, breeding lotus root
2.1 Lotus rhizome planting
Selecting fresh, strong, vigorous, complete root, no plant diseases and insect pests and no damage lotus seeds, namely selecting full-branch lotus seeds, wherein more than 3 nodes of the lotus seeds are required to carry 1-2 lotus roots, the terminal buds are free of damage and diseases, and the weight of each lotus seed is not less than 0.75 kg; and secondly, selecting the sub-lotus roots as lotus root seeds, wherein the sub-lotus roots are required to have 2 stout and mature lotus root branches, terminal buds are not damaged and broken, and the weight of each sub-lotus root is not less than 0.2 kg.
Planting lotus roots at the bottom of 3 months and at the beginning of 4 months, applying base fertilizer 15-20 days before planting, applying 1400-plus-one fermented organic fertilizer 2000kg per mu, uniformly spreading the fertilizer, ploughing and raking mud at the bottom of the pond, then sterilizing 80-100kg per mu with quick lime, digging the lotus seeds along with the seeds, burying the head of the lotus roots into soil 10cm during planting, slightly obliquely exposing the rear section to form 20-30 degrees with the ground surface, planting row spacing of 1.5-2m, plant spacing of 0.8-1m, planting 300-plus-one lotus seeds per mu of 400kg, and storing water in a lotus pond to 5-10cm after planting.
2.2 stocking the seeds
Selecting leech young seedlings with regular specification, strong physique, activity and force and specification of more than 10g,
when the water temperature is stabilized to be more than 15 ℃ in the first ten days of 4 months, putting seeds, applying additional fertilizer 7 days before putting the seeds, applying 100kg of fermented organic fertilizer, fertilizing the water quality, then injecting new water to enable the water level to reach 20-30cm, testing water before putting the seeds, putting the leech seeds after the water testing is safe, putting the leech seeds in the lotus root field, putting enough leech seeds in the lotus root field to be put at one time, putting the density of cultivation to be generally 50 kg/mu, inspecting the pond after the second day of cultivation, fishing out dead seedlings and recording, and timely filling the seedlings if the death rate of the leech seedlings reaches more than 20%.
Selecting loach fry with regular specification, strong physique, no disease or injury, smooth body surface and body length not less than 5 cm.
And (3) putting loach seedlings in 5 months, wherein the length of the put loach seedlings is not less than 5cm, the putting amount is preferably 20kg per mu, before putting the loach seedlings for long-distance transportation in a stocking, repeatedly soaking the loach seedlings for 2-3 times for 2 minutes each time, then soaking the loach seedlings in 3% saline solution for 3-5 minutes to improve the stocking survival rate, checking the loach seedlings in a pond next day after stocking, fishing out the dead loach seedlings and recording the dead loach seedlings, wherein if the death rate of the loach seedlings reaches more than 20%, the loach seedlings are timely supplemented.
Planting and breeding management
3.1 topdressing at the right time
The growth period of the lotus roots is long, more fertilizers are needed, the additional fertilizers are generally needed for 2 times besides base fertilizers and additional fertilizers before seedling placement, and when 3-4 lotus leaf branches grow on the lotus roots, 20kg of compound fertilizers are applied in each mu; when the lotus root leaves are finally pulled out, 30-50kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu of lotus root field, the ammonia smell of the fertilizer can cause certain damage to leeches and loaches during fertilization, the requirement of growth of the lotus roots on the fertilizer is guaranteed, the damage to cultivated varieties due to topdressing is avoided, new water is not injected during topdressing to keep the water body of the lotus root field in a static state, a method of graded and segmented fertilization is adopted, only half of the lotus root field is applied each time under the condition that the total topdressing amount is not changed, and the other half of the lotus root field is applied after 3-5 days when the ammonia smell of the fertilized half of the lotus root field disappears, so that leeches and loaches can avoid the area by area, and safety is guaranteed.
3.2 diseases prevention by Nelumbo Nucifera Gaertn
The disease control of lotus roots is mainly realized by physical control and assisted by medicament control, the lotus root field mainly used for culturing leeches and intercropping loaches is conditionally and preferably provided with a frequency-vibration type insecticidal lamp, so that not only can pests be killed and the pesticide consumption be reduced, but also the killed pests can be eaten by the loaches, when the pesticides are required to be used, efficient, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides with low toxicity to the leeches and the loaches are selected, the water level in the field is deepened when the pesticides are applied, and a method for applying the pesticides by stages is adopted when the pesticides are applied.
3.3 feed feeding
A certain amount of viviparidae is put into the lotus root field, the viviparidae is put into the annular ditch of the lotus root field at a fixed point in time after the leech seedlings are put into the lotus root field, the putting amount per mu is preferably 400 plus 500kg, the first feeding amount is about 50 percent of the total amount, then the viviparidae is fed for multiple times according to the breeding of the viviparidae and the eating condition of the leech, the viviparidae is natural bait which is favored by the leech and naturally breeds, the viviparidae and the leech grow together, and the viviparidae can provide bait for the leech and also play a role in regulating and purifying water quality.
Loaches belong to omnivorous fishes, aquatic small animals, microorganisms, organic debris and the like are favorite food, loaches are intercropped in lotus root fields, the purpose is mainly to loosen the soil of lotus roots and stir substrates to achieve the effect of fertile water quality, the intercropping proportion is low, the natural baits of plankton and organic debris in water basically can meet the growth requirement, and no additional feed is fed.
3.4 Water quality control
The method is characterized in that three-dimensional cultivation of the lotus root field is carried out, water level regulation and control are very important, the growth requirements of leeches and loaches are met, the growth conditions of lotus roots are met, the water level is timely regulated and controlled according to factors such as seasons, temperature and water quality change conditions, the water depth is controlled to be 20-30cm at the initial cultivation stage, the water level of the lotus root field is gradually increased to 30-50cm along with the rise of the temperature in summer under the condition that the growth of the lotus roots is not influenced, in the season that the lotus roots grow vigorously, water is easily degraded due to the fact that the water surface is covered by lotus leaves, the light of a water body is insufficient, the water quality is easily degraded, the water body is easily anoxic, water is changed periodically, the water is changed for 1 time every 7-10 days, and the water change amount is 1/3 of the original water amount of the lotus root field.
3.5 inspection of pond
The cultivation management work needs to make frequent pond patrol, make cultivation production records and make 'four inquiries' in the pond patrol process, namely, the water quality and water level change condition is measured, and the water temperature, dissolved oxygen and PH value are measured periodically; secondly, checking the integrity of the escape-proof facilities regularly; thirdly, checking whether the pond ridge is damaged or not and checking whether the pond ridge is leaked or not; and fourthly, regularly lifting the vivipara empty shell collector to observe the ingestion condition of the leech, if the vivipara empty shell collector is found to be large in number, the amount of the fed vivipara cannot meet the requirement of timely feeding for the growth of the leech, and if the vivipara empty shell collector is found to be abnormal, timely taking measures.
3.6 disease control
The disease resistance of the leech is strong, only if the lotus root field water body is kept alive and fresh and pollution-free, the disease is rarely caused, carnivorous organisms such as snakes, rats, frogs and centipedes can eat and damage the leech, and the escape-preventing facility needs to be checked frequently to remove enemy organisms in time.
The disease control of the leech is based on prevention and control combination, the leech is kept on pond patrol, the eating and activity condition of the leech is observed carefully, the disease is found, the disease is treated in time according to symptoms, 1-2ppm of bleaching powder is used for water body disinfection and prevention every half month, a certain amount of medical bait added with garlicin and compound vitamin is regularly fed, the disease is prevented, the common diseases of the leech, such as blight, white spot disease and enteritis, can be cured in vitro by adopting 2-3ppm of bleaching powder, and simultaneously 2-3ppm of oxytetracycline medical bait is fed for 6 days for treatment.
3.7 collecting empty snail shells regularly, estimating the leech eating condition according to the amount of the empty snail shells, and estimating the number of field snails capable of being eaten by the leech according to the proportion of the empty snail shells in the snail shells, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
3.7.1 draining water through the drain pipe every 15 days, flowing the accumulated water in the lotus root field to the surrounding ring ditch 1 and communication ditch, allowing the filled snail shells and part of living river snails in the lotus root field to enter the ring ditch 1 and the communication ditch 2 along with flowing water, finally collecting the snails in each snail collecting pit 4, and preparing a hand-hold net 9.
3.7.2 then pressing the rear end of the lever 8 at one side of the screw collecting pit 4, and then quickly releasing-pressing the rear end of the lever 8 for a plurality of times to drive the tray 7 to quickly bump up and down, and the screw shell in the tray is continuously turned until the tray 7 does not flow down any more, as shown in fig. 5, at this time, the accumulated water in the hollow screw shell of the tray 7 is basically discharged.
And then releasing the rear end of the lever 8, so that the tray 7 is immersed in water again, as shown in fig. 4, at the moment, the air in the empty snail shells enables the empty snail shells to float on the water surface, the living snails are immersed in the water, the hand-held net 9 is held, the empty snail shells floating on the water surface are fished out, the operation is repeated until no new empty snail shells float on the water surface, then the living snails of the tray are collected and poured out, the operation is carried out in the same way on the next snail collecting pit in the step 3.7.2 until the empty snail shells and the living snails in all the snail collecting pits 4 are respectively selected, and the empty snail shells and the living snails are concentrated and compared, if the number of the empty snail shells does not exceed 1/3 of the number of the living snails, the situation that the leech-shaped snails can be eaten by water is indicated, bait does not need to be supplemented, the living snails are scattered again and thrown into the lotus root field, and water is refilled into the lotus root field.
If the number of the empty snail shells exceeds 1/3 of the number of the live river snails, additionally taking live river snails baits with the number equivalent to that of the empty snail shells, supplementing the live river snails into the live river snails, then dispersedly throwing all the live river snails into the lotus root field, and injecting water into the lotus root field again, and crushing the collected empty snail shells and then burying the crushed shells into soil or serving as chitin raw materials.
Fourthly, harvesting by fishing
4.1 fishing in the culture process: method for ground cage
Taking a large-mesh ground cage (not shown in the figure), wherein the mesh is a rectangular mesh with the size of 20mm multiplied by 20mm, the entrance of the ground cage is provided with a trumpet-shaped entrance, a small amount of coagulated pig blood clots are placed in the ground cage, then the ground cage is scattered and put into a lotus root field, and after one day, the ground cage is taken out, and most of leeches in the ground cage are grown and overproduced adult leeches.
4.2 harvesting and catching
Before collectively fishing the leeches and the loaches in the last ten days of 9 months and marketing, discharging excessive water in the lotus root field through a drain pipe, respectively collecting empty snail shells and living river snails which are brought into a circular ditch and a traffic ditch by flowing water, dispersedly placing the large-mesh ground cages into the lotus root field, placing a small amount of solidified pig blood clots into the ground cages, then injecting water into the lotus root field again until the water is submerged in the large-mesh ground cages, fishing up the ground cages after two days, taking out the leeches in the ground cages, then placing a small amount of solidified pig blood clots into the ground cages again, dispersedly placing the pig blood clots into the lotus root field again, then repeating the operation for fishing, and capturing most of the leeches through 2-3 times of repeated operation.
After the leech is caught in the middle and last ten days of 10 months, the lotus roots can be dug and come into the market, a few of adult leeches and young leeches left in the lotus root field naturally live through the winter in the lotus root field, and the leeches are used as parents and seedlings to be continuously cultured in the beginning of the next year. Loaches enter the ground cages during the fishing process, and can be thrown into lotus root fields again or sold or chopped into meat blocks to replace coagulated pig blood blocks and thrown into the large-mesh ground cages.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a wide body gold thread leech breeds lotus root field system, includes the lotus root field, its characterized in that: the method is characterized in that a ring ditch is dug around the lotus root field, a communication ditch is arranged in the ring ditch, the ring ditch and the communication ditch are communicated with each other, a field-shaped or mesh-shaped or grid-shaped structure is formed in the lotus root field, the width of the ring ditch and the communication ditch is controlled to be between 40 and 50cm, the bottom of the communication ditch and the bottom of the ring ditch are formed by a plurality of sections of slope bottoms, wave crests or wave troughs are formed between adjacent slope bottoms, spiral collecting pits are dug at the wave troughs, a drain pipe is arranged at the bottom of each spiral collecting pit, a fixed pulley and a pull rope are arranged above each spiral collecting pit, one end of the pull rope is tied to a tray, the tray comprises a frame and a net bottom connected to the frame, the net bottom is made of 8 to 10-mesh stainless steel wire mesh, the other end of the pull rope crosses the fixed pulley and is tied to the front end of a lever, the tray can be sunk into the spiral collecting pits, the tray can be pulled out of the spiral collecting pits when the rear end of the lever is pressed down, and is provided with a handsheet, the hand-made net comprises a handle, wherein one end of the handle is provided with a handle, the other end of the handle is connected with a round frame, a net bag is connected with the round frame, and the depth of the net bag is smaller than the radius of the round frame.
2. The whitmania pigra cultivation lotus root field system of claim 1, is characterized in that: and one side of each lever is also provided with a limiting column, a downward limiting hook is arranged on the limiting column, the hook opening of the limiting hook is downward, and when the tray is sunk into the screw collecting pit, the rear part of each lever is clamped on the limiting hook.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202123176508.1U CN216492469U (en) | 2021-12-16 | 2021-12-16 | Lotus root field system is bred to broad-body gold thread leech |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202123176508.1U CN216492469U (en) | 2021-12-16 | 2021-12-16 | Lotus root field system is bred to broad-body gold thread leech |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN216492469U true CN216492469U (en) | 2022-05-13 |
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| CN202123176508.1U Expired - Fee Related CN216492469U (en) | 2021-12-16 | 2021-12-16 | Lotus root field system is bred to broad-body gold thread leech |
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| Country | Link |
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- 2021-12-16 CN CN202123176508.1U patent/CN216492469U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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