CN109644769A - A method of utilizing weeds in Phyla nodiflora prevention and treatment orchard - Google Patents
A method of utilizing weeds in Phyla nodiflora prevention and treatment orchard Download PDFInfo
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- CN109644769A CN109644769A CN201910108343.2A CN201910108343A CN109644769A CN 109644769 A CN109644769 A CN 109644769A CN 201910108343 A CN201910108343 A CN 201910108343A CN 109644769 A CN109644769 A CN 109644769A
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- orchard
- phyla nodiflora
- nodiflora
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/40—Monitoring or fighting invasive species
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of methods using weeds in Phyla nodiflora prevention and treatment orchard.The described method includes: planting Phyla nodiflora by cuttage in orchard or in a manner of broadcasting sowing.The method control efficiency is very good, and the difference variation of soil can be made small, is conducive to the root growth of fruit tree and the absorption to nutrient, while also having the function of reducing soil erosion；In addition, exempting the problem of bringing risk because alien species are introduced using Phyla nodiflora prevention and treatment section, due to the features such as Phyla nodiflora is of less demanding to soil, pest and disease damage resistance is stronger, with the wider array of advantage of applicability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods using weeds in Phyla nodiflora prevention and treatment orchard, belong to ecological control field.
Background technique
In China, there are many orchard weed type, and orchard of causing harm has more than 700 kinds, wherein 38 kinds are malignant weed.Orchard is miscellaneous
Grass meeting use up soil nutrienst, breeds pest and disease damage, deteriorates orchard environment, directly or indirectly endanger the growth and development of fruit tree, and
Influence the operation of orchard field；When weed encroachment area is up to 60% or so, because crop smothering makes the fruit underproduction 9%, the severe one underproduction 30%~
40%.
Orchard weed prevents and kill off biggish problem in always agricultural production, and artificial weeding is not only not easy to thoroughly remove weeds,
And it is time-consuming and laborious.Though chemical herbicide can be effectively controlled Weed infestation, chemical herbicide is used for a long time, is especially used for a long time
Single herbicide reuses herbicide of the same race, can make weeds that can develop drug resistance；And since herbicide has certain poison
Property, the serious contaminated soil of meeting can be such that plant, animal and edaphon bio-diversity reduces, reduce the number of natural enemy
Amount；In addition, the orchard after herbicide is killed, often earth's surface is exposed, and soil evaporativeness is easily caused to increase, orchard soil micro climate
It is severely impacted, it is unfavorable to fruit tree growth and yield.Therefore, using herbicide Controlling Weed in Orchard, it is unfavorable for orchard
Sustainable development.
If herbaceous plant that is specific, having certain economic value is planted, since its plant is short and small, with fruit tree not same
On one ecological niche, and can growth and breeding it is rapid, Later growth canopy density are high, with orchard weed interspecies competition, effectively occupy miscellaneous
Careless ecological niche, the final sprawling and harm for controlling weeds, this method that grass is controlled with grass in orchard, gradually by the happiness of orchard worker
Love.This method can not only effectively inhibit weeds, also have and conserve water and soil, improve soil physico-chemical property, maintain orchard two packing spaces
Property, adjust orchard microenvironment, and therefore and promote fruit tree growth, volume increase and improve fruit quality the effects of.
Chinese patent application 201611214132.X discloses the method for inhibiting orchard using roegneria kamoji " profit grass 2 ", but
It because its plant is very thin, easily lodges, the later period is unfavorable for farming operations, and this method is promoted more just for In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River
Limitation.Chinese patent application 201510531452.7 discloses a kind of method using mock-strawberry control orchard weed, but this method
Whether can also apply to preventing and kill off for weeds in tropical orchard, and is unaware of.Other leguminous plants such as alfalfa, white flower clover
The applications such as Chamaecrista Rotundifolia and gramineae plant such as Paspalum wettsteinii, paspalum notatum, herba setariae viridis are also relatively broad, but practice in actual production
In, such plant is common herbage, and water requirement is larger, and maintenance cost is high.
Summary of the invention
Defect present in Ecological preventive way for above-mentioned orchard weed, the present invention provide a kind of utilization China
The method that species Phyla nodiflora prevents and treats orchard weed.This method control efficiency is very good, and can make the difference variation of soil
It is small, be conducive to the root growth of fruit tree and the absorption to nutrient, while also having the function of reducing soil erosion；In addition, using
Phyla nodiflora prevention and treatment section exempts the problem of bringing risk because alien species are introduced, since Phyla nodiflora is of less demanding to soil, sick
The features such as insect pest resistance is stronger, with the wider array of advantage of applicability.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A method of utilize Phyla nodiflora prevention and treatment orchard in weeds, comprising: in orchard by cuttage or in a manner of broadcasting sowing kind
Plant Phyla nodiflora.
The method of the invention is suitable for the orchard of the Yangtze river basin and areas to the south, including but not limited to kiwi fruit tree garden, fire
Imperial orchard, banana garden, apple orchard, citrus orchard, Litchi Garden, Carambola Orchard, Mango Fruit Garden, Longan Orchard and common green orchard, life
State orchard, organic orchard etc..
Specific implantation methods are described further below.
The planting requirement of the cuttage mode are as follows: Phyla nodiflora spacing in the rows is advisable with 10-20cm；Depth is 1-3cm, is guaranteed each
The node contact soil of stem section, it is appropriate to suppress after cuttage.
The planting requirement for broadcasting sowing mode are as follows: broadcasted sowing after ground grading, density domination is in 8-30 plants/m2, then earthing
?；Which advantage is that plantation is simple, but dosage can be relatively large.
The stem section that the Phyla nodiflora is grown at the beginning of -4 months low selected from March, length 5-10cm, and at least containing 1 section.
In order to guarantee that control efficiency must first remove weeds in orchard, and at the beginning of March is -4 months low before the Phyla nodiflora plantation
Plantation.
The Phyla nodiflora need to only water once in plantation, and subsequent growth process does not need to water, and only normally pours to fruit tree
Water, can Cheng Ping after 3 months.In addition, carrying out grass-cutting treatment and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control without to Phyla nodiflora.
The method of control orchard weed provided by the invention has the advantage that
1) this method does not use herbicide, can effectively reduce the generation density of orchard weed, inhibit orchard weed growth and
Breeding, and Phyla nodiflora perennial plant, may be implemented the lasting control to orchard weed, be conducive to the sustainable development for maintaining orchard
Exhibition.
2) this method can be such that the temperature day-night change of soil reduces, and be conducive to the root growth of fruit tree and the suction to nutrient
It receives, soil organic matter content can be improved, improve soil texture, reduce soil erosion.
3) Phyla nodiflora will not cause the ecological hazard of a new round with no allelopathy for local species；Nothing climbs up by holding on to spy
Property, it will not cause damages to fruit tree；Root system is shallow, will not fight for nutrient, moisture etc. with fruit tree.
4) Phyla nodiflora plant is short and small, and resistance to trample will not impact the farming operations such as fruit-picking or spraying pesticide；It crosses
The high-output stress-resistance of river rattan, waterlogging, pest and disease damage is few, and implantation methods are simple, high survival rate；Final-period management is extensive simple, can save
A large amount of costs of labor.
5) crude protein content of Phyla nodiflora is 6.03%, crude fat content 35.62%, crude fiber content 10.50%,
It can be used as feed development, there is economic value.
Specific embodiment
The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention..
Embodiment 1
Investigate the influence that Phyla nodiflora sprouts crop seed.It is shown in Table 1.
The influence that 1 various concentration Phyla nodiflora extracting solution of table sprouts several crop seeds
As shown in Table 1, various concentration Phyla nodiflora extracting solution is to the germination rate of wheat, radish and rape seed without significant
It influences.It can be seen that Phyla nodiflora with no allelopathy, can be used in orchard ecosystem planting, and will not be to fruit tree etc.
Crop generates allelopathy.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment provides a kind of methods for controlling grass using Phyla nodiflora ecology.
Place 1: Hainan Litchi Garden
Specific step is as follows:
At the beginning of March is -4 months low, the stem of Phyla nodiflora is cut into section, length 5-10cm, and made each by field acquisition Phyla nodiflora
There is 1-2 section in stem section.
Weeds in orchard are manually removed, Phyla nodiflora is then planted.
Implantation methods are cuttage, and cuttage depth is 1-3cm, and cuttage spacing in the rows 10-20cm guarantees the node contact of each stem section
Soil, it is appropriate to suppress after cuttage.
Watering is primary, irrigates, and later without watering to Phyla nodiflora, only normally waters to fruit tree.Without to Phyla nodiflora
Grass-cutting treatment is carried out, without the progress prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
Control efficiency is investigated:
1, from the point of view of growing state:
After Phyla nodiflora cuttage, 2d can take root；Stipes base portion starts tiller after 1 month, and underground fibrous root grows vigorous, stipes
Number gradually increases；It can Cheng Ping after 3 months.Survival rate is up to 98% or more.
2, the region after Phyla nodiflora is planted in orchard, weeds type substantially reduces；By inquiry, 3 kinds of weeds are only found, point
Not Wei beggar-ticks, purslane, guayule rubber, and the generation density of all kinds of grass is very small, and density is respectively 5 plants/m2, 4 plants/m2, 2 plants/
m2；
And do not plant in the region of Phyla nodiflora, weeds type is 8 kinds, respectively beggar-ticks, purslane, guayule rubber, Man Tuo
Sieve, Cuscuta australis, common evolvulus herb, Siberian cocklebur, Bermuda grass, and generation density is larger, it is 35 that it is beggar-ticks that wherein density is maximum
Strain/m2, it is 4 plants/m that the smallest density, which is Bermuda grass,2.Being compared can be apparent from, and utilize Phyla nodiflora control using of the present invention
The method significant effect of orchard weed processed.
2 kinds of table are planted influence of the Phyla nodiflora to orchard surface temperature and soil moisture content
| Plant Phyla nodiflora region | Phyla nodiflora region is not planted | |
| Earth's surface minimum temperature (DEG C) | 20.2 | 19.8 |
| Earth's surface maximum temperature (DEG C) | 34.3 | 41.5 |
| The earth's surface temperature difference (DEG C) | 14.1 | 21.7 |
| 0-30cm soil moisture content (%) | 24.38 | 19.33 |
From table 2 it can be seen that after plantation Phyla nodiflora, 14.1 DEG C of the earth's surface temperature difference, lower than the temperature difference for not planting Phyla nodiflora region
(21.7 DEG C), it is clear that temperature daily amplitude reduces after plantation Phyla nodiflora, it will be apparent that improves orchard temperature regime, avoids high temperature pair
The damage of citrus, this has remarkable effect to promotion mandarin tree root growth.
In addition, plantation Phyla nodiflora can also effectively reduce soil moisture loss, soil moisture content is improved.Plant Phyla nodiflora region
Soil average moisture content be respectively 24.38%, 19.33% than not planting Phyla nodiflora region is higher by 5.05%, the reason is that
Phyla nodiflora Later growth, coverage increase, and efficiently reduce soil water evaporation, maintain soil moisture.
Embodiment 3
Place 2: Guangxi Macaque Monkey peach garden
Specific prevention and treatment step:
At the beginning of March is -4 months low, the stem of Phyla nodiflora is cut into section, length 5-10cm, and made each by field acquisition Phyla nodiflora
There is 1-2 section in stem section.
The weeds in orchard are manually removed first, then plant Phyla nodiflora.
Implantation methods are cuttage, and cuttage depth is 1-3cm, and cuttage spacing in the rows 10-20cm guarantees the node contact of each stem section
Soil, it is appropriate to suppress after cuttage.
Watering is primary, irrigates, and later without watering to Phyla nodiflora, only normally waters to fruit tree.Without to Phyla nodiflora
Grass-cutting treatment is carried out, without the progress prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
Control efficiency is investigated:
1, from the point of view of growing state:
After Phyla nodiflora cuttage, 2d can take root, and stipes base portion starts tiller after 1 month, and underground fibrous root grows vigorous, stipes
Number gradually increases, can Cheng Ping after 3 months.Survival rate is up to 99% or more.
2, the region weeds type after planting Phyla nodiflora in kiwi fruit tree garden is reduced, and by inquiry, only finds 4 kinds of weeds, point
Not Wei water peanut, nutgrass flatsedge, beggar-ticks, cogongrass, and fragmentary occur；
And not planting in Phyla nodiflora region weeds type is 12 kinds, respectively water peanut, beggar-ticks, nutgrass flatsedge, cogongrass, fried bean sauce
Grass, black nightshade, herba setariae viridis, fragrant eupatorium herb, Ageratum conyzoides, false stinkweed, denticulate ixeris herb, wrinkle fruit amaranth.
3 kinds of table are planted influence of the Phyla nodiflora to orchard surface temperature and soil moisture content
| Plant Phyla nodiflora region | Phyla nodiflora region is not planted | |
| Earth's surface minimum temperature (DEG C) | 19.9 | 18.7 |
| Earth's surface maximum temperature (DEG C) | 33.8 | 42.5 |
| The earth's surface temperature difference (DEG C) | 13.9 | 23.8 |
| 0-30cm soil moisture content (%) | 23.46 | 19.96 |
From table 3 it can be seen that after plantation Phyla nodiflora, 13.9 DEG C of the earth's surface temperature difference, lower than the temperature difference for not planting Phyla nodiflora region
(23.8 DEG C), it is clear that temperature daily amplitude reduces after plantation Phyla nodiflora, it will be apparent that improves surface temperature situation in kiwi fruit tree garden, keeps away
Damage of the high temperature to Kiwi berry is exempted from, this has remarkable effect to promotion Kiwi berry root growth.
In addition, plantation Phyla nodiflora can also effectively reduce soil moisture loss, soil moisture content is improved.Plant Phyla nodiflora region
Soil average moisture content be respectively 23.46%, 19.96% than not planting Phyla nodiflora region is higher by 3.5%, the reason is that mistake
River rattan Later growth, coverage increase, and efficiently reduce soil water evaporation, maintain soil moisture.
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments,
On the basis of the present invention, it can be made some modifications or improvements, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Cause
This, these modifications or improvements, fall within the scope of the claimed invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method using weeds in Phyla nodiflora prevention and treatment orchard characterized by comprising with cuttage or broadcasted sowing in orchard
Mode plant Phyla nodiflora.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the planting requirement of the cuttage mode are as follows: Phyla nodiflora spacing in the rows
It is advisable with 10-20cm；Depth is 1-3cm, guarantees the node contact soil of each stem section, after cuttage, suppression.
3. the method according to claim 1, wherein the planting requirement for broadcasting sowing mode are as follows: after ground grading
It broadcasts sowing, density domination is in 8-30 plants/m2, then earthing.
4. method according to claim 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the length of the stem section of the Phyla nodiflora is 5-
10cm, and at least containing 1 section.
5. method according to claim 1 to 4, which is characterized in that before Phyla nodiflora plantation, must first remove fruit
Weeds in garden, and Phyla nodiflora is planted at the beginning of March is -4 months low.
6. -5 any method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the Phyla nodiflora need to only water one in plantation
Secondary, subsequent growth process does not need to water, and carries out grass-cutting treatment and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control without to Phyla nodiflora.
7. -6 any method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the orchard is the Yangtze river basin and areas to the south
Orchard.
8. the method according to the description of claim 7 is characterized in that the orchard be kiwi fruit tree garden, flue orchard, banana garden,
Apple orchard, citrus orchard, Litchi Garden, Carambola Orchard, Mango Fruit Garden, Longan Orchard.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110089383A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-08-06 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | A kind of ecological bank protecting method |
| CN111011113A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-17 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Application of coptidis rhizoma and bermudagrass in ecological control of orchard |
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| CN111011113A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-17 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Application of coptidis rhizoma and bermudagrass in ecological control of orchard |
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