CN106134805A - A kind of method for culturing seedlings of oriental cherry grafting hestening rooting - Google Patents
A kind of method for culturing seedlings of oriental cherry grafting hestening rooting Download PDFInfo
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- CN106134805A CN106134805A CN201610645165.3A CN201610645165A CN106134805A CN 106134805 A CN106134805 A CN 106134805A CN 201610645165 A CN201610645165 A CN 201610645165A CN 106134805 A CN106134805 A CN 106134805A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
The invention discloses the method for culturing seedlings of a kind of oriental cherry grafting hestening rooting.Select grass cherry (the special stock of oriental cherry grafting; doubt and belong to Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi strain) current-year branch does stock; oriental cherry improved seeds current-year branch does scion; use cut-grafting method grafting; cuttage after first grafting; after cuttage, stock is first taken root, a large amount of two secondary roots of grafting mouth after transplanting, forms interface firm Flowering Cherry Cultivars Seedling.Annual mid or late January is to early and middle ten days in February, the improved seeds branch gathering robust growth carries out grafting, after grafting, cuttage or is directly inserted in warmhouse booth, transplants upper basin or directly plant after stock cuttage root-taking, is taken root in a large number seedling-raising technique by cultivation technique means induction grafting mouth.This method fully utilizes grafting and the advantage of two kinds of mating systems of cuttage, highly versatile, is suitable for most Flowering Cherry Cultivars and the expanding propagation of wild oriental cherry germ plasm resource；And grafting part is taken root in a large number, grafting mouth is not easy to disconnect, and the most there is not " big bound feet " phenomenon of common grafting Seedling.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field, gardens, the method for culturing seedlings of a kind of oriental cherry grafting hestening rooting.
Background technology
Oriental cherry refers to that Rosaceae cherry belongs to ornamental plant, and the whole world has more than 120 kinds, and the kind of artificial culture is more than 600
Individual.Oriental cherry mostly is deciduous tree, and flower is measured the big florescence and concentrated, abnormal beautiful when blooming.Oriental cherry upsurge, many ground are risen in China at present
District has oriental cherry theme garden, oriental cherry road, and oriental cherry improved seeds nursery stock demand is big, but current most Flowering Cherry Cultivars is with cherry
The band rootstock grafting such as Fructus Persicae, Nanking cherry is main, produces breeding efficiency the highest, and oriental cherry improved seeds Seedling is difficult to meet the market demand；
And the problem that grafting generally exists " big bound feet " and interface is easily broken off.Cherry platymiscium belongs to the type that cuttage difficulty is taken root,
At present, the cuttage survival rate of reported Flowering Cherry Cultivars is difficult to reach the requirement of large-scale production nursery mostly.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome oriental cherry to breed a difficult problem, propose a kind of new and effective oriental cherry raising technology,
The problem solved is the selection of stock and scion, the determination of grafting time, the cuttage after grafting, in management after cuttage, transplanting
Basin and final-period management, by the control of whole techniqueflow, effectively solve oriental cherry grafting hestening rooting problem encountered, and then
Improve oriental cherry and breed efficiency and oriental cherry nursery stock quality.This method is with grass cherry current-year branch as stock, cuttage after first grafting, profit
The technology taken root with grafting promotion grafting mouth.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
(1) seedbed prepares: according to the technical scheme made, first get out cuttage seedbed, before grafting 5 ~ 7 days, carries out substrate
Disinfect.Wide 120cm, long 20 ~ 30m, the seedbed of high 12cm is enclosed with fragment of brick.Ready substrate is paved with seedbed, paving
Good stromal thickness should stay 50 ~ 60cm space at more than 10cm between two seedbeds.Seedbed can also be with the forest cuttage basin in 32 holes
Cave is laid, and 50 ~ 60cm vacant lot is stayed between two seedbeds in basin cuttage basin cave, width upper berth 5, every seedbed.
Fully smashed to pieces by peat, perlite waters permeable, according to perlite: the proportioning mix homogeneously of peat=2:1；Before cuttage
Water with 50 times of liquid of 40% formaldehyde or the spray of 0.1% 0.3% potassium permanganate liquids, be then covered by membrane sealed sterilization, kill soil disease pest.
Carry out disinfection by formalin, first about 5 days of cuttage, it is necessary to film is opened and distributes remaining medicine.
(2) stock and the selection of fringe bar: select the careless cherry branch of, two years as stock, select grass thick for 0.5 ~ 1.2cm
Cherry current-year branch is cut into 5 ~ 7CM length.Oriental cherry improved seeds adopt fringe, answer that growth selection is healthy and strong, maternal plant without pest and disease damage, and clip
The top tip that branch is sturdy, bud is full.The kind of bud and leaf bud can be distinguished, the bud in scion should be erased before grafting.
Adopt after cladus bar cuts, it should be noted that preserving in the environment of low-temperature moisture preservation, can not complete grafting in the short time, branch application is protected
Fresh film wraps up or is embedded in wet sand preservation, and storage temperature is 4 degrees centigrade.
(3) grafting: select annual mid or late January to early and middle ten days in February, carry out the grafting work of oriental cherry, the oriental cherry that will gather
Improved seeds branch cuts into the scion of 2 4cm length, it is ensured that have 12 leaf buds in each scion.Choose under adopting in cladus bar
Portion's montage fringe.Scion upper end is whittled into inclined-plane, and scion lower end is whittled into the tangent plane of two Length discrepancy.The otch of stock is from the top of anvil bar
The slightly vertical incision of band xylem of section avris, by the Yi Tiaojie between cutting face epithelial layer and the white wooden portion of stock and scion
Line is mutually aligned, and makes cambium layer naturally coincide, scion is inserted stock side, makes scion notching edge and stock notching edge tight
Close combination.Then bandage end grain on interface and scion with plastic sheeting, during wrapping should by exposed for the leaf bud in scion out.
The width of plastic sheeting is advisable with 3cm, and thickness is advisable with 10 30 microns.
(4) cuttage of grafting: after oriental cherry grafting completes, carries out the cuttage work of grafting.The oriental cherry Seedling that will graft
Wood cuttage is in the middle of ready seedbed.During cuttage, the cuttage degree of depth flushes with stromal surface with stock upper end and is advisable.
(5) cuttage final-period management: control injection flow rate in booth to spray water 10 seconds at 30 45 minutes, it is ensured that wet in greenhouse
Degree.After cuttage one month, should be increased to injection flow rate every 30 minutes spray about 15 seconds, additionally, should be for every 30 days all Seedlings
Stock carries out a bud picking.
After cuttage about 3 months, after more than the 80% grafting stock situation of taking root reaches the requirement of seedling exercising, carry out seedling exercising.Refining
Seedling can carry out (using the cave cuttage of cuttage basin, can move on between seedling exercising) in original place, and seedling exercising should follow incremental principle, by
Step reduces water spray stronger ventilation amount.Seedling exercising about 25 days, when the root of major part Seedling is changed into yellowish-brown or brown by white,
Seedling exercising completes.
(6) basin and final-period management in transplanting: after seedling exercising terminates, uses 18X16 nutritive cube or two gallons of pot transplantings, substrate
Height is advisable to cover grafting mouth.Transplanting should select rainy weather to carry out, and after having transplanted, all nursery stocks are placed in the training of cool canopy district
Educate, transplant in latter 10 days, it is ensured that moisture supplies.
The present invention has the advantage that employing cut-grafting method grafting, cuttage after first grafting, and after cuttage, stock is first taken root, and moves
A large amount of two secondary roots of grafting mouth after cultivation, form interface firm Flowering Cherry Cultivars Seedling；Fully utilize grafting and cuttage two kinds is bred
The advantage of method, highly versatile, it is suitable for most Flowering Cherry Cultivars and the expanding propagation of wild oriental cherry germ plasm resource；And grafting part
Taking root in a large number, grafting mouth is not easy to disconnect；Stock uses branch form, and grafting operation is easier, substantially increases grafting efficiency；
Both the problem that Flowering Cherry Cultivars cuttage difficulty is taken root had been solved, the shortcoming that quasi-complement grafting grafting mouth is easily broken off again, the most also keep away
Exempt from " big bound feet " problem that general grafting exists.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
A kind of method for culturing seedlings of oriental cherry grafting hestening rooting, step is as follows:
(1) seedbed is laid and substrate prepares: early Febuary, encloses into 20m, wide 1.2m, the seedbed of high 0.1m with cement brick.
Being paved with substrate in seedbed, substrate composition is perlite: peat=2:1, and substrate is drenched water.With the potassium permanganate of 0.2%, substrate is entered
Row is disinfected for 12 days, covers in stromal surface with plastic foil during sterilization, and sterilization removes plastic foil after terminating and distributes 1 day.
(2) stock, the selection of scion and preservation: the careless cherry branch of Root-stock selection life, thick about 0.8cm, long about 6cm then
Bar.Scion should, robust growth excellent from kind, without choosing pest and disease damage, degree of lignification is high, sprout the is full oriental cherry top tip.
The stock sheared and adopt cladus bar can not grafting immediately, wrap with plastic bag, be placed in the environment of 4 degrees centigrade.
(3) grafting: the oriental cherry improved seeds branch gathered is sheared the scion of growth about 3cm, it is ensured that in each scion
There are 12 leaf buds.Concrete engrafting method uses typical cut-grafting method, and scion upper end is whittled into inclined-plane, and scion lower end is whittled into two not
Isometric tangent plane.The otch of stock is from the top section avris slightly vertical incision of band xylem of anvil bar, by cutting of stock and scion
A boundary line between bevel epithelial layer and white wooden portion is mutually aligned, and makes cambium layer naturally coincide.
(4) cuttage: after grafting completes, is inserted in grafting in ready seedbed by the distance of 5cm × 5cm.During cuttage
Ensure that grafting mouth is completely covered in the middle of substrate, try not during cuttage to touch grafting part.Different oriental cherry improved seeds are transferred
Between seedlings picking, leave certain space, and carry out labelling, in order to avoid obscuring.
(5) after cuttage manage, after cuttage completes, now temperature is low, oriental cherry bud in a dormant state, the spray of warmhouse booth
The water yield is adjusted to 40 minutes spray 10 seconds.After the beginning of spring, temperature gos up, and part oriental cherry bud starts to sprout, and strengthens the water spray of warmhouse booth
Measure and sprayed 15 seconds to 30 minutes, and the bud sprouted on manually erasing stock every about 30 days.Cherry in 3 May warmhouse booths
Flower seedling, branch and leaf are tenderer, are chronically in hot and humid environment, easily infect pest and disease damage.Relatively common disease is oriental cherry
Brown spot, after finding disease, sprays 2000 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl in time.After cuttage 90 days, most Flowering Cherry Cultivars Seedling is raw
Root has reached seedling exercising requirement, now should gradually decrease injection flow rate until not spraying water, stronger ventilation amount while control water, seedling exercising
After about about 20 days, oriental cherry root system is changed into brown by white, and seedling exercising terminates.
(6) basin and final-period management thereof in transplanting, after seedling exercising terminates, selects rainy weather, transplants.By Flowering Cherry Cultivars Seedling
It is transplanted in two gallons of basins, transplants thickness of earth-fill cover and be advisable to cover grafting otch.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method for culturing seedlings of oriental cherry grafting hestening rooting, step is as follows:
(1) seedbed and the preparation of substrate: by the end of January, is perlite by proportioning: the substrate mix homogeneously of peat=2:1, and with 0.3%
Potassium permanganate is sterilized.Laying seedbed with 32 Confucian Garden wood cuttage cave Seedling dishes, seedbed width is put 5 cave Seedling dishes, and (width is about
1.4m), 0.5 0.6m space is left between two seedbeds.
(2) stock, the selection of scion and preservation: the careless cherry branch of Root-stock selection life, thick about 0.8cm, long about 6cm then
Bar.Scion should, robust growth excellent from kind, without choosing pest and disease damage, degree of lignification is high, sprout the is full oriental cherry top tip.
The stock sheared and adopt cladus bar can not grafting immediately, wrap with plastic bag, be placed in the environment of 4 degrees centigrade.
(3) grafting: the oriental cherry improved seeds branch gathered is sheared the scion of growth about 3cm, it is ensured that in each scion
There are 12 leaf buds.Concrete engrafting method uses typical cut-grafting method, and scion upper end is whittled into inclined-plane, and scion lower end is whittled into two not
Isometric tangent plane.The otch of stock is from the top section avris slightly vertical incision of band xylem of anvil bar, by cutting of stock and scion
A boundary line between bevel epithelial layer and white wooden portion is mutually aligned, and makes cambium layer naturally coincide.
(4) cuttage: the Flowering Cherry Cultivars Seedling speed grafted is stained with 1000mg/L NAA solution 5 seconds, and choose Samantabhadra as, Ryukyu
Red cherry, sunlight, red China, wild 5 the kind cuttings of dye well Ji do same treatment after cuttage (the results are shown in Table 1).Cuttage is ready
In the Seedling dish of cave, one, every hole Seedling, different Flowering Cherry Cultivars carries out labelling.As far as possible do not touch grafting mouth during cuttage, the cuttage degree of depth with
Stock upper end flushes with stromal surface and is advisable.
(5) after cuttage manage: after cuttage completes, now temperature is low, oriental cherry bud in a dormant state, the spray of warmhouse booth
The water yield is adjusted to 40 minutes spray 10 seconds.After the beginning of spring, temperature gos up, and part oriental cherry bud starts to sprout, and strengthens the water spray of warmhouse booth
Measure and sprayed 15 seconds to 30 minutes, and the bud sprouted on manually erasing stock every about 30 days.Cherry in 3 May warmhouse booths
Flower seedling, branch and leaf are tenderer, are chronically in hot and humid environment, easily infect pest and disease damage.Relatively common disease is oriental cherry
Brown spot, after finding disease, sprays 2000 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl in time.After cuttage after 90 days, cuttage cave Seedling dish is moved on to refining
Note during carrying out seedling exercising, seedling exercising between Seedling ventilating and progressively reducing injection flow rate.
(6) transplanting and final-period management thereof: seedling exercising is after 1 month, before plum rain season or continuous rainy weather arrive
Cloudy day transplants, and transplants under the Flowering Cherry Cultivars Seedling that will have refined.According to nursery stock product orientation and expection cultivation time, it is fixed to determine
The spacing planted.About 2 years outplantings are cultivated in the expection of this example, and field planting spacing is 50cm × 50cm.During transplanting thickness of earth-fill cover with
Soil is completely covered stock top and is advisable, and the branch newly extracted out with scion during transplanting is upright to be as the criterion.
Simple pergola should be set up after transplanting in time, note summer shading and water supply.After transplanting 20 days, impose once multiple
Hefei or fertilizer.In season in autumn in summer two, note weeding, after autumn has set in, then execute 1 ~ 2 compound fertilizer.
Table 1. part Flowering Cherry Cultivars grafting survival rate contrasts with cuttage survival rate
| Samantabhadra as | The red cherry in Ryukyu | Sunlight | Red China | Dye well Ji is wild | |
| Graft survival rate | 100% | 96.55% | 97.44% | 95.24% | 90.14% |
| Cuttage survival rate | 9.5% | 6% | 3.5% | 11.5% | 23% |
Embodiment 3
A kind of method for culturing seedlings of oriental cherry grafting hestening rooting, step is as follows:
(1) preparation in seedbed: select fertile loose plot, remove the foreign material such as stone therein and tree root, by the width of 1.5 meters
Do furrow trench digging.Apply the fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed, manually turn uniformly, break large clod, flattened faces into pieces, and disappear with 0.3% potassium permanganate
Poison processes.Before cuttage 12 days guarantee soil moisture of watering, and at covered ground black plastic mulch film, film thickness is micro-with 68
Meter Wei Yi.
(2) stock, the selection of scion and preservation: the careless cherry branch of Root-stock selection life, thick about 0.8cm, long about 7cm then
Bar.Scion should, robust growth excellent from kind, without choosing pest and disease damage, degree of lignification is high, sprout the is full oriental cherry top tip.
The stock sheared and adopt cladus bar can not grafting immediately, wrap with plastic bag, be placed in the environment of 4 degrees centigrade.
(3) grafting: the oriental cherry improved seeds branch gathered is sheared the scion of growth about 3cm, it is ensured that in each scion
There are 12 leaf buds.Concrete engrafting method uses typical cut-grafting method, and scion upper end is whittled into inclined-plane, and scion lower end is whittled into two not
Isometric tangent plane.The otch of stock is from the top section avris slightly vertical incision of band xylem of anvil bar, by cutting of stock and scion
A boundary line between bevel epithelial layer and white wooden portion is mutually aligned, and makes cambium layer naturally coincide.
(4) cuttage: after grafting completes, carries out cuttage work immediately on preprepared plot.First with chopsticks or little
Waddy perforate on black plastic mulch film, perforate spacing is 18cm × 18cm.Cuttage Flowering Cherry Cultivars in the hole held successfully in advance
Seedling, the cuttage degree of depth flushes with mulch film with stock upper end and is advisable.
(5) manage after cuttage: after oriental cherry exhibition leaf, removed the branch sprouted on a stock every 30 days, and note observing
Oriental cherry branch and leaf are the most normal, and this stage oriental cherry easily infects brown spot, after finding disease, run into thiophanate methyl 2000 times immediately
Liquid.May early and middle ten days, perforate on every two oriental cherry Seedling centre position mulch films, and in institute's hole-opening apply compound fertilizer.Also can be
In oriental cherry growth course, topdress with Foliar Spraying.
(6) transplant: after cuttage 1 year, after grafting port part is taken root in a large number, can transplant, during transplanting, soil is complete
Cover grafting mouth.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all spirit in the present invention and
Any amendment, equivalent and the improvement etc. made within principle, within being all contained in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the method for culturing seedlings of an oriental cherry grafting hestening rooting, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
1) seedbed prepares: first gets out cuttage seedbed, encloses seedbed with fragment of brick, ready substrate is paved with seedbed, grafting
First 5 ~ 7 days, to substrate disinfection；
2) stock and the selection of fringe bar: select careless cherry current-year branch thick for 0.5 ~ 1.2cm to be cut into 5 ~ 7CM length as stock, fringe
Bar selects oriental cherry improved seeds to adopt fringe, answers that growth selection is healthy and strong, maternal plant without pest and disease damage, and clip branch is sturdy, bud is full
The top tip, it is possible to distinguish the kind of bud and leaf bud, should be erased by the bud in scion before grafting, adopts after cladus bar cuts, should
Noting preserving in the environment of low-temperature moisture preservation, can not complete grafting in the short time, branch application preservative film wraps up or is embedded in
Wet sand preserves；
3) grafting: select early and middle ten days in annual mid or late January to February to carry out grafting, shears the oriental cherry improved seeds branch gathered
Become the scion of 2 4cm length, it is ensured that in each scion, have 12 leaf buds, choose and adopt cladus bar middle and lower part montage fringe, scion upper end
Being whittled into inclined-plane, scion lower end is whittled into the tangent plane of two Length discrepancy, and the otch of stock slightly carries wooden from the top section avris of anvil bar
The vertical incision in portion, is mutually aligned a boundary line between cutting face epithelial layer and the white wooden portion of stock and scion, makes shape
Stratification is coincide naturally, scion is inserted stock side, makes scion notching edge and stock notching edge combine closely, then with moulding
Material the good interface of film bundling and scion on end grain, during wrapping should by exposed for the leaf bud in scion out；
4) cuttage of grafting: after oriental cherry grafting completes, carries out the cuttage work of grafting, the oriental cherry nursery stock cuttage that will graft
In the middle of ready seedbed, during cuttage, the cuttage degree of depth flushes with stromal surface with stock upper end and is as the criterion；
5) cuttage final-period management: control injection flow rate in booth to spray water 10 seconds at 30 45 minutes, it is ensured that the humidity in greenhouse, skewer
After inserting one month, it is increased to injection flow rate every 30 minutes spray about 15 seconds, and every 30 days, all Seedlings should be carried out for stock
Bud picking, after cuttage about 3 months, after more than the 80% grafting stock situation of taking root reaches the requirement of seedling exercising, carries out seedling exercising,
Seedling exercising should follow incremental principle, progressively reduces water spray stronger ventilation amount, and seedling exercising about 25 days, when the root of major part Seedling
Being changed into yellowish-brown or brown by white, seedling exercising completes；
6) basin and final-period management in transplanting: after seedling exercising terminates, uses 18cm × 16cm nutritive cube or two gallons of pot transplantings, substrate
Height is as the criterion to cover grafting mouth, and transplanting should select rainy weather to carry out, and after having transplanted, all nursery stocks are placed in the training of cool canopy district
Educate, transplant in latter 10 days, it is ensured that moisture supplies.
The method for culturing seedlings of a kind of oriental cherry grafting hestening rooting the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that use brick in step 1)
Block encloses wide 120cm, long 20 ~ 30m, the seedbed of high 12cm, and the stromal thickness completed should stay between two seedbeds at more than 10cm
50 ~ 60cm space, seedbed can also be with the forest cuttage basin cave laying in 32 holes, width upper berth 5, every seedbed basin cuttage basin
Cave.
The method for culturing seedlings of a kind of oriental cherry grafting hestening rooting the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described in step 1)
Substrate be peat is fully smashed to pieces, perlite waters permeable, according to perlite: the weight proportion mix homogeneously of peat=2:1 obtains,
To the method for substrate disinfection for spraying water with 50 times of liquid of 40% formaldehyde or 0.1% 0.3% potassium permanganate liquids, it is then covered by
Membrane sealed sterilization, kill soil disease pest, carry out disinfection by formalin, first about 5 days of cuttage, film is opened distribute remaining
Medicine.
The method for culturing seedlings of a kind of oriental cherry grafting hestening rooting the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step 2) in branch
Storage temperature is 4 degrees Celsius.
The method for culturing seedlings of a kind of oriental cherry grafting hestening rooting the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that plastics in step 3)
The width of thin film is 3cm, and thickness is 10 30 microns.
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| CN107333614A (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2017-11-10 | 合肥浦邦农业科技有限公司 | A kind of oriental cherry cuttage planting method |
| CN107950220A (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-04-24 | 福建省林业科学研究院（福建省林业技术发展研究中心、福建省林业生产力促进中心、中国林业科学研究院海西分院） | A kind of red cone engrafting method |
| CN108243755A (en) * | 2018-02-08 | 2018-07-06 | 浙江省林业科学研究院 | A kind of oriental cherry propagation by grafiting method |
| CN108668731A (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2018-10-19 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | A kind of breeding method of oriental cherry grafting |
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