CN114303829B - Planting method for intercropping kidney beans and pumpkin by using early spring eggplants in greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method for interplanting kidney beans and pumpkin in a greenhouse early spring eggplant, and relates to the technical field of crop planting. The invention comprises seedling raising, field planting preparation, field planting period, field management, harvesting and garden cleaning, and benefit comparison, wherein the planting mode is interplanting of eggplant, kidney beans and pumpkin, the eggplant variety is quick-round, purple-bright or stock variety Tolubam, and the pumpkin variety is small pumpkin and chestnut pumpkin. According to the invention, by selecting proper field planting time, kidney beans are interplanted at the position close to the rear wall of the greenhouse at the north end of the eggplant ridge, pumpkin is intercropped at the position close to the front edge of the greenhouse at the south end, and a drip irrigation belt is used for drip irrigation of water and fertilizer, so that sunlight, moisture, nutrients and space are fully utilized. The method fully utilizes the space inside the greenhouse and the empty space outside the greenhouse, reduces the production cost, improves the water and fertilizer utilization rate and the land utilization rate, has strong operability, realizes multiple types of agricultural product harvesting, improves the economic benefit, and promotes farmers to increase the income and become rich.

Description

Planting method for intercropping kidney beans and pumpkin by using early spring eggplants in greenhouse

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a planting method for intercropping kidney beans and pumpkin in a greenhouse early spring eggplant.

Background

Interplanting refers to a planting mode of the crops in the season after sowing or transplanting among plant rows in the later growth period of the crops in the previous season, and is also called interplanting and interplanting. Compared with single cropping, the method can not only fully utilize space in a staged manner, but also can prolong the growing season of the crops in later seasons, improve the reseeding index, improve the annual total yield and economic benefit of each mu of land, improve the land utilization rate by intercropping, increase the interception and absorption of sunlight by the crop compound population formed by intercropping, and reduce the waste of light energy; meanwhile, the intercropping of two crops can generate complementary effect, the existing eggplant is generally interplanted with pumpkin, the land space resource cannot be well utilized, the resource utilization rate and the economic benefit are improved to the greatest extent, the acre yield is low under the condition that the greenhouse is not heated, and the yield and the economic benefit cannot be improved to the greatest extent, so that the method for interplanting the kidney beans and the pumpkin in the early spring eggplant in the greenhouse is provided.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a planting method for interplanting kidney beans and pumpkin in a greenhouse early spring eggplant, which solves the existing problems: the existing eggplants are commonly interplanted with pumpkin, so that land space resources cannot be well utilized, the resource utilization rate and economic benefit are improved to the greatest extent possible, and the acre yield is low and the yield and economic benefit cannot be improved to the greatest extent under the condition that the greenhouse is not heated.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the invention relates to a planting method for intercropping kidney beans and pumpkin by using a greenhouse early spring eggplant, which comprises seedling raising, field planting preparation, field planting period, field management, collection, garden cleaning and benefit comparison, wherein the planting mode is that the eggplant, the kidney beans and the pumpkin are interplanted, the eggplant variety is a fast round, purple light and bright or a Toluba grafting plant of a stock variety, and the pumpkin variety is small pumpkin and chestnut pumpkin.

Further, in the seedling culture, the grafting period of the eggplant is 11 months 5 days to 11 months 15 days, the grafting is carried out by adopting a 50-point seedling culture tray split grafting mode, and the seedling age of the grafted eggplant is as follows: 50-60 days, wherein the period of the young beans is 11 months, 20 days to 11 months, 25 days, 50 or 72 hole seedling tray substrates are adopted for seedling cultivation, the young beans are 35-40 days, 3-4 leaves and 10-12 cm in plant height, the period of the young beans is 12 months, 1 day to 12 months, 5 days, and 50 or 72 hole seedling tray substrates are adopted for seedling cultivation, and the young beans are of the young: 30-35 days, 3-4 leaves and plant height of 10-12 cm.

Further, in the field planting preparation, an electric radiator and biological light supplementing lamps are installed and erected 5-7 days before field planting, 2-3 electric radiator units and 40-50 biological light supplementing lamps are arranged in each greenhouse with the planting area of 1 mu. The night set temperature of the electric warm air furnace is not lower than 15 ℃, the electric warm air furnace operates for 8-12H, and the temperature of the greenhouse is increased. Applying 6-8 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, 10-20 kg of biological bacterial fertilizer, 15-25 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, rotary tillage and leveling, ridging, laying drip irrigation belts and mulching films, wherein the ridge spacing is 1.2-1.3 m, the ridge width is 70-80 cm, the ditch width is 50-60 cm, two drip irrigation belts per ridge and the drip irrigation belt spacing is 30-40 cm.

Further, in the field planting period, the field planting period of the eggplants is 12 months 25 days to 1 month 5 days, the plant spacing is 40-45CM, the field planting period of the kidney beans is 1 month 1 day to 5 days, 4-6 plants are planted on one ridge 50-60 CM away from the rear wall, the plant spacing is 1.2-1.3 m, and one ridge is one hole. The planting period of the pumpkin is 1 month, 3 days to 5 days, one hole is 1-2 plants on the ridge 15-20 cm away from the front edge, the plant spacing is 1.2-1.3 m, and one ridge is one hole. .

Further, in the field management, water is dripped while field planting, foot field planting water is dripped, the night setting temperature of the electric radiator is not lower than 18 ℃, the running time is 8-14 hours, the night temperature of a greenhouse is 18-20 ℃, a biological light supplementing lamp is turned on for 4-6 hours every day, the seedling-reviving water is dripped once after 4-7 days, a root promoting agent is dripped along with water, the squatting seedling is 7-15 days, the night setting temperature of the electric radiator is not lower than 16 ℃, the running time is 8-12 hours, and the night temperature of the greenhouse is 16-18 ℃; the biological light supplementing lamp is turned on for 3-4 hours every day. Pruning eggplant with double stalks, dipping flowers, and early removing the eggplant; hanging and binding the vines of the kidney beans with 30-40 cm of vines; when the pumpkin stretches the tendrils by 80-120 cm,

when the temperature outside the greenhouse is not lower than 15 ℃ at night, the front edge greenhouse film is uncovered to remove the pumpkin vine outside the greenhouse, and then the front edge air port greenhouse film is normally managed. And stopping using the electric radiator and the biological light supplementing lamp when the night temperature outside the greenhouse is not lower than 18 ℃. The temperature of the noon greenhouse is 35-40 ℃, the top wind gap is gradually opened to the maximum, and the front wind gap is uncovered; the temperature exceeds 45 ℃, the top wind port is not closed any more, after the squatting seedlings are finished, water is dripped once every 3-5 days, the number of times of dripping the water-soluble fertilizer along with the water is reduced in the flowering period, when the eggplant stands to expand, water is dripped once every 3-4 days, 6-8 kg of the water-soluble fertilizer along with the water is dripped, water is dripped once immediately after the eggplant is ripe and picked, water is dripped once every 3-4 days, 5-6 kg of the water-soluble fertilizer along with the water, 6-8 kg of the water-soluble fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are macroelements, and 2-4 kg of the biological bacterial fertilizer are dripped.

Further, in the receiving and cleaning garden, the kidney beans wind the tendrils in time, the kidney beans grow to more than 1.8 meters, the heart is picked in time, the tops are picked in time, the eggplants are picked in one crop, 3-4 pumpkins are reserved for each plant, the pumpkin is picked in time in one crop, the seedling is pulled to clean the garden in the middle and late ten days of 6 months, and the greenhouse is covered at high temperature.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. according to the invention, by selecting proper field planting time, kidney beans are interplanted at the position close to the rear wall of the greenhouse at the north end of the eggplant ridge, pumpkin is intercropped at the position close to the front edge of the greenhouse at the south end, and a drip irrigation belt is used for drip irrigation of water and fertilizer, so that sunlight, moisture, nutrients and space are fully utilized.

2. The invention fully utilizes the space inside the greenhouse and the empty space outside the greenhouse, reduces the production cost, improves the water and fertilizer utilization rate and the land utilization rate, has strong operability, realizes multiple types of agricultural product harvesting, improves the economic benefit, and promotes the farmers to increase the income and become rich.

Of course, it is not necessary for any one product to practice the invention to achieve all of the advantages set forth above at the same time.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a planting flow chart of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a soil preparation ridging diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a crop distribution diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the planting pattern of the present invention with other planting patterns.

In the drawings, the reference numerals represent the following list of components:

1. furrow width; 2. the ridge surface is wide; 3 ridges; 4. a branch pipe; 5. pumpkin; 6. a drip irrigation belt; 7. eggplant; 8. kidney beans; 9. a greenhouse back wall.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Referring to fig. 1-3, the invention discloses a planting method for interplanting kidney beans and pumpkin in early spring eggplants in a greenhouse, which comprises the steps of first seedling raising, second field planting preparation, third field planting period, fourth field management, fifth harvesting, garden cleaning and benefit comparison, wherein the planting mode is that the eggplants, the kidney beans and the pumpkin are interplanted, the eggplant varieties are quick-round, purple-bright or the tolubam grafted plants of stock varieties, and the pumpkin varieties are pumpkin and chestnut pumpkin.

In the first seedling raising, the grafting period of the eggplant is 11 months 5 days to 11 months 15 days, the grafting is carried out by adopting a 50-point seedling raising tray split grafting mode, and the seedling age of the grafted eggplant is as follows: the seedling period of the kidney beans is 11 months 20 days to 11 months 25 days, the kidney beans are grown by adopting a 50 or 72-hole seedling tray substrate, the seedling age of the kidney beans is 35 to 40 days, the plant height of the kidney beans is 10 to 12 cm, the seedling period of the pumpkin is 12 months 1 day to 12 months 5 days, the seedling is grown by adopting a 50 or 72-hole seedling tray substrate, and the seedling age of the pumpkin is as follows: the greenhouse with the planting area of 1 mu is provided with 2-3 electric heaters and 40-50 biological light supplementing lamps, wherein the electric heaters and the biological light supplementing lamps are installed and erected 30-35 days, 3-4 leaves and 10-12 cm in plant height 5-7 days before field planting. The temperature of the electric radiator is not lower than 15 ℃ at night, and the electric radiator operates for 8-12 hours to improve the temperature of the greenhouse. Applying 6-8 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, 10-20 kg of biological bacterial fertilizer, 15-25 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, rotary tillage and leveling, ridging, laying drip irrigation belts 6 and mulching films, wherein the ridge spacing is 1.2-1.3 m, the ridge width is 70-80 cm, the ditch width is 50-60 cm, two drip irrigation belts 6 per ridge, the drip irrigation belts 6 spacing is 30-40 cm, the eggplant field planting period is 12 months 25 days to 1 month 5 days, the plant spacing is 40-45cm, the kidney beans field planting period is 1 month 1 day to 5 days, the distance from a rear wall is 50-60 cm, one hole on the ridge is 4-6 plants, the plant spacing is 1.2-1.3 m, and one ridge is one hole. 1 month to 5 days of pumpkin field planting period, 1-2 plants are planted on a ridge 15-20 cm away from the front edge, plant spacing is 1.2-1.3 m, one ridge is planted on one hole, water is dripped while field planting is carried out, water is dripped on feet field planting, the night setting temperature of an electric radiator is not lower than 18 ℃, the operating time is 8-14 hours, the night temperature of a greenhouse is 18-20 ℃, a biological light supplementing lamp is turned on for 4-6 hours every day, seedling reviving water is dripped once after 4-7 days, root promoting agent is dripped along with water, the squatting seedlings are 7-15 days, the night setting temperature of the electric radiator is not lower than 16 ℃, the operating time is 8-12 hours, and the night temperature of the greenhouse is 16-18 ℃; the biological light supplementing lamp is turned on for 3-4 hours every day. Pruning eggplant with double stalks, dipping flowers, and early removing the eggplant; hanging and binding the vines of the kidney beans with 30-40 cm of vines; when the pumpkin vine stretches 80-120 cm, and the night temperature outside the greenhouse is not lower than 15 ℃, the front edge greenhouse film is uncovered to remove the pumpkin vine outside the greenhouse, and then the front edge air port greenhouse film is normally managed. When the temperature outside the greenhouse at night is not lower than 18 ℃, the electric radiator and the biological light supplementing lamp are stopped. The temperature of the noon greenhouse is 35-40 ℃, the top wind gap is gradually opened to the maximum, and the front wind gap is uncovered; the method is characterized in that a top wind port is not closed any more, after squatting seedlings are finished, water is dripped once every 3-5 days, the number of times of dripping water-soluble fertilizer is reduced along with the flowering period, the eggplant is seated to start expanding, water is dripped once every 3-4 days, 6-8 kg of water-soluble fertilizer is dripped along with the water-soluble fertilizer, the eggplant is ripe and picked up once immediately, water is dripped once every 3-4 days later, 5-6 kg of water-soluble fertilizer is dripped along with the water-soluble fertilizer, 6-8 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is dripped along with the water-soluble fertilizer, 2-4 kg of biological bacterial fertilizer is used in a harvesting garden 5, kidney beans are wound around vines in time, kidney beans are grown to be over 1.8 m in time to pick up, the ripe and picked up in time, the eggplant is ripe and picked up in one time, the eggplant is ripe and pulled up in time, the green house is in the next ten days in 6 months, the high temperature canopy is closed, the soybean planting time is selected, the soybean is interplanted at the north end of the greenhouse, the south end is planted at the back wall, the front of the greenhouse is used for the water and the water is fully drip irrigation. The method has the advantages of fully utilizing the internal space of the greenhouse and the open space outside the greenhouse, reducing the production cost, improving the water and fertilizer utilization rate and the land utilization rate, realizing multiple types of agricultural product harvesting, improving the economic benefit and promoting the farmers to increase the income and become rich.

One specific application of this embodiment is: after the invention is put into use, workers interplant kidney beans at the position close to the rear wall of the greenhouse at the north end of an eggplant ridge and intercropping pumpkin at the position close to the front edge of the greenhouse at the south end by selecting proper field planting time, drip irrigation is carried out by using a drip irrigation belt, an electric radiator and biological light supplementing lamps are installed and erected 5-7 days before field planting, 2-3 electric radiator and 40-50 biological light supplementing lamps are arranged in each greenhouse with a planting area of 1 mu. The temperature of the electric radiator is not lower than 15 ℃ at night, the electric radiator operates for 8-12 hours, the temperature of a greenhouse is increased, squatting seedlings are raised for 7-15 days, the temperature of the electric radiator is not lower than 16 ℃ at night, the operating time is 8-12 hours, and the temperature of the greenhouse at night is 16-18 ℃; the biological light supplementing lamp is turned on for 3-4 hours every day. Pruning eggplant with double stalks, dipping flowers, and early removing the eggplant; hanging and binding the vines of the kidney beans with 30-40 cm of vines; when the pumpkin vine stretches 80-120 cm, and the night temperature outside the greenhouse is not lower than 15 ℃, the front edge greenhouse film is uncovered to remove the pumpkin vine outside the greenhouse, and then the front edge air port greenhouse film is normally managed. When the temperature outside the greenhouse at night is not lower than 18 ℃, the electric radiator and the biological light supplementing lamp are stopped. The temperature of the noon greenhouse is 35-40 ℃, the top wind gap is gradually opened to the maximum, and the front wind gap is uncovered; the method is characterized in that a top wind port is not closed any more at more than 45 ℃, after squatting seedlings are finished, water is dripped once every 3-5 days, the number of times of dripping water-soluble fertilizer is reduced along with the beginning of the flowering period, the water is dripped once every 3-4 days when the eggplants are seated and begin to expand, 6-8 kg of water-soluble fertilizer is dripped along with the beginning of the sitting of the eggplants, water is dripped once immediately after the eggplants are ripely picked, then water is dripped once every 3-4 days, 5-6 kg of water-soluble fertilizer along with the water-soluble fertilizer, 6-8 kg of water-soluble fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are mainly elements, 2-4 kg of biological bacterial fertilizer are dripped, the green beans are harvested in a garden 5, the green beans are wound on the vines in time, the green beans are grown to be over 1.8 m in time for picking the tops, the eggplants are ripe in time, one stubble of the eggplants are ripe, 3-4 pumpkin plants are reserved for each plant, the ripe and are picked in time, the next ten days in 6 months, and the garden is pulled off, and the greenhouse is kept at high temperature.

In the description of the present specification, the descriptions of the terms "one embodiment," "example," "specific example," and the like, mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended only to assist in the explanation of the invention. The preferred embodiments are not exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and the full scope and equivalents thereof.

Claims (1)

1. The planting method for interplanting kidney beans and pumpkin in early spring eggplants in a greenhouse is characterized in that the planting mode is that the eggplants, the kidney beans and the pumpkin are interplanted, the eggplant varieties are grafting plants of fast round, purple light and bright or stock varieties are tolubam, and the pumpkin varieties are pumpkin with small pumpkin and chestnut, and are characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1: seedling raising, wherein the grafting period of the eggplant is 11 months 5 days to 11 months 15 days, grafting is carried out by adopting a 50-point seedling raising tray split grafting mode, and the seedling age of the grafted eggplant is as follows: 50-60 days, wherein the period of the young beans is 11 months, 20 days to 11 months, 25 days, 50 or 72 hole seedling tray substrates are adopted for seedling cultivation, the young beans are 35-40 days, 3-4 leaves and 10-12 cm in plant height, the period of the young beans is 12 months, 1 day to 12 months, 5 days, and 50 or 72 hole seedling tray substrates are adopted for seedling cultivation, and the young beans are of the young: 30-35 days, 3-4 leaves and plant height of 10-12 cm;

s2: setting and preparing, wherein an electric radiator and biological light supplementing lamps are installed and erected 5-7 days before setting, 2-3 electric radiator and 40-50 biological light supplementing lamps are arranged in each greenhouse with a planting area of 1 mu; the night setting temperature of the electric warm air furnace is not lower than 15 ℃, the electric warm air furnace operates for 8-12 hours, and the temperature of the greenhouse is increased; applying 6-8 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, 10-20 kg of biological bacterial fertilizer, 15-25 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, rotary tillage and leveling, ridging, laying drip irrigation belts (6) and mulching films, wherein the ridge spacing is 1.2-1.3 m, the ridge width is 70-80 cm, the ditch width is 50-60 cm, two drip irrigation belts (6) per ridge are arranged, and the drip irrigation belt (6) spacing is 30-40 cm;

s3: the planting period is 12 months 25 days to 1 month 5 days, the plant spacing is 40-45cm, the planting period is 1 month 1 day to 5 days, the distance from the rear wall is 50-60 cm, one hole is 4-6 plants on the ridge, the plant spacing is 1.2-1.3 m, and one ridge is one hole; the planting period of the pumpkin is 1 month, 3 days to 5 days, one hole is 1-2 plants on the ridge 15-20 cm away from the front edge, the plant spacing is 1.2-1.3 m, and one ridge is one hole;

s4: the field management is carried out, water is dripped while field planting is carried out, the night setting temperature of the electric radiator is not lower than 18 ℃, the running time is 8-14 hours, the night temperature of the greenhouse is 18-20 ℃, and the biological light supplementing lamp is turned on for 4-6 hours every day;

dropping seedling-recovering water once after 4-7 days, dropping root-promoting agent along with water, squatting seedlings for 7-15 days, setting the night temperature of the electric radiator to be not lower than 16 ℃, operating for 8-12 hours, and setting the night temperature of the greenhouse to be 16-18 ℃; the biological light supplementing lamp is turned on for 3-4 hours every day; pruning eggplant with double stalks, dipping flowers, and early removing the eggplant; hanging and binding the vines of the kidney beans with 30-40 cm of vines; when the pumpkin vine stretches 80-120 cm, and the night temperature outside the greenhouse is not lower than 15 ℃, the front edge greenhouse film is uncovered to remove the pumpkin vine outside the greenhouse, and then the front edge air port greenhouse film is normally managed; when the night temperature outside the greenhouse is not lower than 18 ℃, stopping using the biological light supplementing lamp of the electric radiator; the temperature of the noon greenhouse is 35-40 ℃, the top wind gap is gradually opened to the maximum, and the front wind gap is uncovered; the top wind gap is not closed any more when the temperature exceeds 45 ℃;

after the squatting seedlings are finished, dripping water every 3-5 days, dripping 4-6 kg of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer along with water, reducing the number of times of dripping the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer in a flowering period, dripping 6-8 kg of the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer along with water every 3-4 days when eggplants are seated to expand, immediately dripping water once every 3-4 days after the eggplants are ripely picked, dripping 5-6 kg of the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer along with water, 6-8 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer and 2-4 kg of biological bacterial fertilizer;

s5: harvesting and cleaning garden, timely winding the kidney beans around the vines, timely picking the heart and topping the kidney beans until the length of the kidney beans is more than 1.8 meters, timely picking the kidney beans after the kidney beans are ripe, picking one stubble of eggplant after ripe, reserving 3-4 pumpkins for each plant, timely picking the pumpkin after ripe, pulling seedling and cleaning garden in the middle and late ten days of 6 months, and carrying out high-temperature canopy closure;

s6: and (5) benefit comparison.

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