CN108575530A - A kind of jujube tree reshaping implantation methods - Google Patents
A kind of jujube tree reshaping implantation methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN108575530A CN108575530A CN201810821496.7A CN201810821496A CN108575530A CN 108575530 A CN108575530 A CN 108575530A CN 201810821496 A CN201810821496 A CN 201810821496A CN 108575530 A CN108575530 A CN 108575530A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to planting fruit trees technical fields, and in particular to a kind of jujube tree reshaping implantation methods；It is that coronule is heart-shaped the technical problem to be solved is that providing a kind of by height hat tree structure wavelet, facilitate management and picking, and the jujube tree reshaping implantation methods of graft survival rate are improved in grafting, the concrete scheme used is First Year mid-April, remove all one layer of branch groups of elite tree, one layer general three, three every；Grafted on one layer of major branch, retain that center is dry, growth period erase center it is dry on all rudiments；The last ten-days period or the middle ten days and the last ten days in July remove root turion in may；Second year continues all rudiments erased on central do in growth period；The improved seeds branch grafted on one layer of major branch has had result condition through annual growth, and drawing branch is carried out during the first tenday period of a month in mid-January to May；Third year removes center and does in the middle ten days and the last ten days in April, saw, immediately glued membrane agent is used to smear saw kerf, obturages in fact, leaves no gaps, to help saw kerf to heal.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to planting fruit trees technical fields, and in particular to a kind of jujube tree reshaping implantation methods.
Background technology
Belong to Rhamnaceae zizyphus, be the first big dry fruit tree variety of China and the seventh-largest fruit tree, fruit is a kind of medicine-food two-purpose
Homologous food.Jujube fruit have multiple biological activities, including anticancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, protect liver, immunostimulation, shield intestines, antianxiety,
Prevent the characteristics such as fat, antibacterial.Result of study show mainly to have in jujube fruit polysaccharide, phenolic acid, flavones, terpenoid, nucleosides and
The multiple beneficials ingredients such as nucleoside base, alkaloid, carrotene, alpha-tocopherol, vitamin C, volatile oil compound, wherein more
Sugar, flavones, phenolic acid, terpenoid and cyclic nucleotide are main function ingredients in jujube fruit.
The labouring population age in rural area is in aging state at present, is mostly 50 to 70 years old old men, pervious Gao Guanshu
Shape is not only inconvenient to manage, and is also inconvenient to pick in the harvest season, in order to adapt to social development, needs tree-like to existing jujube tree
It is transformed.
Invention content
It is that coronule is heart-shaped that the invention overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art, and provides a kind of by height hat tree structure wavelet, side
Just it manages and picks, and improve the jujube tree reshaping implantation methods of graft survival rate in grafting.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of jujube tree reshaping implantation methods, to existing
There is high hat jujube tree to be transformed, includes the following steps：
1）First Year mid-April, remove all one layer of branch groups of elite tree, one layer general three, three every；In one layer of major branch
Upper grafting, saw except center it is dry more than fruit-bearing shoot cluster, retain that center is dry, growth period erase center it is dry on all rudiments, only
Base portion jujube is stayed to hang；The last ten-days period or the middle ten days and the last ten days in July remove root turion in may；
2）Second year continues all rudiments erased on central do in growth period；The improved seeds branch grafted on one layer of major branch
Through annual growth, have result condition, drawing branch is carried out during the first tenday period of a month in mid-April to May；
3）Third year removes center and does in the middle ten days and the last ten days in April, saw, immediately glued membrane agent is used to smear saw kerf, obturages in fact, does not stay seam
Gap, to help saw kerf to heal.
When the second year draws branch, when drawing the branch of branch to handle to east-west direction tree crown periphery, roll in order to prevent
Branch grafts the base portion up places 5-10cm rope herein, and around branch is surrounded, the other end of rope is tied to be done sub-thread semicircular in center
On, rope used is vinyl house press mold plastic ties.
The First Year grafting includes the following steps：
A, the primary tiller of annual healthy and strong branch and sturdy Secondary Branch are chosen as scion in the middle ten days and the last ten days in March acquisition improved seeds
Scion is sheared, scion branch requires rugosity 5-12mm, length 50-60mm；The needle thorn removal at sprout both ends is clean, it has sheared
Scion is sealed with wax, then stored under refrigeration；
Using self-adhesive film is grafted when b, grafting, engrafting method is cleft graft or subcutaneous grafting, and grafting time is mid or late April；It transfers
Selecting takes each side shoot straight away from first nearest Secondary Branch grown upwards or obliquely of major branch or back sprig or side shoot
When diameter is more than 2cm, the side life Secondary Branch or back Secondary Branch of side shoot both sides up and down is chosen, or chooses major branch and extends branch base portion the
One Secondary Branch grown upward or downward is as grafting part.
First Year grafting, after the scion of grafting survives, the jujube for retaining grafting part base portion is hung, by grafting part base portion
Rudiment all remove.
In order to enhance after grafting survival after the wind resistance power of branch and grafting in two years because of branch death in the grafting step
When supplement the ability of newborn branch, grafted for standby branch；Standby branch quantity is that need to graft the 20%-25% of quantity；Position is chosen at trunk
In section away from the first side shoot；Grafting removed standby branch after 2 years.
After completing the grafting, for protection grafting twig survive, be respectively arranged on the both ends jujube tree of a row fruit tree one with
The perpendicular isosceles up-side down triangle holder in jujube tree face, isosceles up-side down triangle is made of two hound support rails, in two cross bars pair
Sideline is drawn between the vertex answered, then more hanging wires of drawing parallel between two sidelines, cotton rope selection will not ankle injury branch modeling
Material rope.
The height of the cross bar is 1-1.5m；Sideline is bifilar plastic ties, and bracing wire is sub-thread plastic ties.
First Year removes all two layers of branch groups of elite tree in mid-April, one layer general three, three every.Saw kerf can
Be not processed, retain that center is dry, the jujube growth phase erase center it is dry on all rudiments, do not stay one one to hang, only stay base portion
Jujube is hung；Saw is except after all one layer of branch groups, root turion can largely occur, and can be revolved by several times with mini-tiller in late May, the middle ten days and the last ten days in July
It ploughs and removes root turion, when rainfall is more, root turion also increases therewith, can increase rotary tillage number.
Second year continues all rudiments erased on central do, does not stay one one to hang in the jujube growth phase.At this point, one layer
The improved seeds branch grafted on major branch has had result condition through annual growth, can be during the first tenday period of a month in mid-January to May
Drawing branch is carried out to roll over branch in order to prevent when tree crown periphery need to draw the branch of branch to be handled to east-west direction, base portion can be grafted herein
High-quality plastics greenhouse press mold plastic ties, sub-thread semicircular are up used to tie around branch, the other end of plastic ties is surrounded at 5-10cm
Suitable position on center is dry.
Traditional way is the bamboo pole of the bondage diameter 3cm or more on trunk as fixed link, costly time-consuming and laborious, cost
It is high.
Third year, with a chainsaw or chain saw saw was except doing in center, and glued membrane agent is immediately used to smear saw kerf, envelope in the middle ten days and the last ten days in April
Tight envelope is real, leaves no gaps, and is healed with sharp saw kerf.
The present invention had not only protected original root system of jujube tree to be hurt less, but also was conducive to the growth of the improved seeds branch of grafting
It is plentiful rapidly with tree crown, it is few to have both time saving and energy saving expense.
The method system of jujube tree high-grafting
The method includes the content of three aspects：It grafts, the selection of grafting part, the management method of branch after grafting survival.
1, it grafts
Material：Scion；In Xiangfen area, preferably mid or late March acquisition improved seeds scion.It is annual stalwartness branch it is primary
Branch and sturdy Secondary Branch can be cut into scion.Scion requirement：Rugosity 5-12mm, length 50-60mm；The needle thorn at sprout both ends is wanted
Removal is clean.The scion sheared must seal with wax, and be then stored in Cold storage in the refrigerator or stored in cellar.
Graft plastic cloth：Change traditional grafting plastic strip or plastic film as the grafting self-adhesive film of 3cm wide.Certainly using grafting
Mucous membrane reduces the artificial input of bondage, improves grafting efficiency.The shoot growth process of improved seeds after grafting survival
In, film is tied up without going, is further saved artificial.
Grafting tool：It puts the first edge on a knife or a pair of scissors, the sharp and edge of a knife is indeformable, not the shrub and hedge trimmer of jag.
Engrafting method：Improve cleft graft or subcutaneous grafting.
Grafting time：It can generally start mid-April to graft.
2, the selection of grafting part
The first layer major branch that the coronule that seeding row spacing is 2 × 3 or 3 × 3 or 2 × 4 dredges layer shape is generally 3, has three on each major branch
A or four side shoots are arranged in fan-shaped.
Retain jujube tree original skeleton be grafting after it is tree-like whether plentiful key point.In production practice, each first
Side shoot is preferred position away from first nearest Secondary Branch grown upwards or obliquely of major branch or back sprig；Secondly, such as side
When branch diameter is more than 2cm, the side life Secondary Branch or back Secondary Branch of its upper and lower both sides may be selected；Major branch extends branch base portion the again
One Secondary Branch grown upward or downward is also grafting part.In addition, for enhancing grafting survival after branch wind resistance power and transfer
After connecing in two years because of branch death when supplement the ability of newborn branch rapidly, the grafting part of standby branch should be chosen.The quantity of standby branch
For the 20%-25% of quantity need to be grafted.One semi-selection of grafting part of standby branch need to be transported flexibly in section of the trunk away from the first side shoot
With.Branch such as standby in two years after grafting can be removed without utility value.
3, after grafting survival branch management method
After grafting survival, former jujube tree when rudiment is grown to 3cm or so, can cut off the main bud of sprouting also with rudiment with shrub and hedge trimmer,
The jujube for retaining base portion is hung, and the rudiment of grafting part base portion should be removed all, do not stay one to hang, do so and both protect jujube tree
Root growth, and promote the growth of the improved seeds branch of grafting survival.
In late June between by the end of August, there is stormy weather in the general time in Xiangfen area.How to evade because scraping
Loss caused by wind fall, it is ensured that the branch after grafting survival is grown safely.
Traditional way is to support branch using bamboo pole or help plate, usually a bamboo pole or two bamboo poles；0.07 hectare is with 100
It calculates, one tree at least nine branch counts 900 branches, needs nearly 1000 bamboo poles, and a bamboo pole is needed close in terms of 1 yuan
Thousand yuan.
The parallel windproof pruning method of coil holder, material requested is simple, and expense is low, efficient saving of labor.On the ground without bamboo pole, coil holder is in sky
In, facilitate the mechanical cultivation on ground.The setting of parallel windproof coil holder can be according to local wind direction, concrete condition setting.
Reshaping key is to remove coronule to dredge layer, while forming all branches of one layer of major branch or more, to ensure jujube tree original
There are the integrality of root system and good root regeneration performance.
The present invention has an advantageous effect in that compared with prior art：The present invention facilitates subsequently the reshaping of high hat jujube tree
Management and picking, solve the problems, such as that universal rural laborer is older.Method therefor saves cost when reshaping of the present invention, increases
The survival rate of grafting twig is added, the jujube tree yield after reshaping increases, and the fruit of harvest also increases.
Specific implementation mode
By following specific examples, the present invention is described further.
A kind of jujube tree reshaping implantation methods are transformed existing high hat jujube tree, include the following steps：
1）First Year mid-April, remove all one layer of branch groups of elite tree, one layer general three, three every；In one layer of major branch
Upper grafting, saw except center it is dry more than fruit-bearing shoot cluster, retain that center is dry, growth period erase center it is dry on all rudiments, only
Base portion jujube is stayed to hang；The last ten-days period or the middle ten days and the last ten days in July remove root turion in may；
2）Second year continues all rudiments erased on central do in growth period；The improved seeds branch grafted on one layer of major branch
Through annual growth, have result condition, drawing branch is carried out during the first tenday period of a month in mid-April to May；
3）Third year removes center and does in the middle ten days and the last ten days in April, saw, immediately glued membrane agent is used to smear saw kerf, obturages in fact, does not stay seam
Gap, to help saw kerf to heal.
When the second year draws branch, when drawing the branch of branch to handle to east-west direction tree crown periphery, roll in order to prevent
Branch grafts the base portion up places 5-10cm rope herein, and around branch is surrounded, the other end of rope is tied to be done sub-thread semicircular in center
On, rope used is vinyl house press mold plastic ties.
The processing method of the branch of North and South direction：1, branch helps line direction to be wrapped in help on line along suitable, and 2, without suitable
When helping line, the playback that can be lured with cotton rope.
The First Year grafting includes the following steps：
A, the primary tiller of annual healthy and strong branch and sturdy Secondary Branch are chosen as scion in the middle ten days and the last ten days in March acquisition improved seeds
Scion is sheared, scion branch requires rugosity 5-12mm, length 50-60mm；The needle thorn removal at sprout both ends is clean, it has sheared
Scion is sealed with wax, then stored under refrigeration；
Using self-adhesive film is grafted when b, grafting, engrafting method is cleft graft or subcutaneous grafting, and grafting time is mid or late April；It transfers
Selecting takes each side shoot straight away from first nearest Secondary Branch grown upwards or obliquely of major branch or back sprig or side shoot
When diameter is more than 2cm, the side life Secondary Branch or back Secondary Branch of side shoot both sides up and down is chosen, or chooses major branch and extends branch base portion the
One Secondary Branch grown upward or downward is as grafting part.
First Year grafting, after the scion of grafting survives, the jujube for retaining grafting part base portion is hung, by grafting part base portion
Rudiment all remove.
In order to enhance after grafting survival after the wind resistance power of branch and grafting in two years because of branch death in the grafting step
When supplement the ability of newborn branch, grafted for standby branch；Standby branch quantity is that need to graft the 20%-25% of quantity；Position is chosen at trunk
In section away from the first side shoot；Grafting removed standby branch after 2 years.
After completing the grafting, for protection grafting twig survive, be respectively arranged on the both ends jujube tree of a row fruit tree one with
The perpendicular isosceles up-side down triangle holder in jujube tree face, isosceles up-side down triangle is made of two hound support rails, in two cross bars pair
Sideline is drawn between the vertex answered, then more hanging wires of drawing parallel between two sidelines, cotton rope selection will not ankle injury branch modeling
Material rope.
The height of the cross bar is 1-1.5m；Sideline is bifilar plastic ties, and bracing wire is sub-thread plastic ties.
The above embodiment is merely exemplary to illustrate the principle of the present invention and its effect, and is not intended to limit the present invention.For
Person skilled in the art can all modify above-described embodiment or be improved without violating the spirit and scope of the present invention.Cause
This, institute is complete without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed in the present invention by tool usually intellectual in all act technical fields
At all equivalent modifications or change, should by the present invention claim be covered.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of jujube tree reshaping implantation methods, which is characterized in that be transformed, include the following steps to existing high hat jujube tree：
1）First Year mid-April, remove all one layer of branch groups of elite tree, one layer general three, three every；In one layer of major branch
Upper grafting, saw except center it is dry more than fruit-bearing shoot cluster, retain that center is dry, growth period erase center it is dry on all rudiments, only
Base portion jujube is stayed to hang；The last ten-days period or the middle ten days and the last ten days in July remove root turion in may；
2）Second year continues all rudiments erased on central do in growth period；The improved seeds branch grafted on one layer of major branch
Through annual growth, have result condition, drawing branch is carried out during the first tenday period of a month in mid-April to May；
3）Third year removes center and does in the middle ten days and the last ten days in April, saw, immediately glued membrane agent is used to smear saw kerf, obturages in fact, does not stay seam
Gap, to help saw kerf to heal.
2. a kind of jujube tree reshaping implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that right when the second year draws branch
When tree crown periphery draws the branch of branch to be handled to east-west direction, branch is rolled in order to prevent, grafts base portion herein up at 5-10cm
With rope, sub-thread semicircular is tied around branch, the other end of rope is surrounded on center is dry, and rope used is vinyl house press mold plastics
Rope.
3. a kind of jujube tree reshaping implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that First Year grafting include with
Lower step：
A, the primary tiller of annual healthy and strong branch and sturdy Secondary Branch are chosen as scion in the middle ten days and the last ten days in March acquisition improved seeds
Scion is sheared, scion branch requires rugosity 5-12mm, length 50-60mm；The needle thorn removal at sprout both ends is clean, it has sheared
Scion is sealed with wax, then stored under refrigeration；
Using self-adhesive film is grafted when b, grafting, engrafting method is cleft graft or subcutaneous grafting, and grafting time is mid or late April；It transfers
Selecting takes each side shoot straight away from first nearest Secondary Branch grown upwards or obliquely of major branch or back sprig or side shoot
When diameter is more than 2cm, the side life Secondary Branch or back Secondary Branch of side shoot both sides up and down is chosen, or chooses major branch and extends branch base portion the
One Secondary Branch grown upward or downward is as grafting part.
4. a kind of jujube tree reshaping implantation methods according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the First Year grafting, grafting
Scion survive after, retain grafting part base portion jujube hang, the rudiment of grafting part base portion is all removed.
5. a kind of jujube tree reshaping implantation methods according to claim 3, which is characterized in that in order to increase in the grafting step
After strong grafting survival after the wind resistance power of branch and grafting in two years because of branch death when supplement the ability of newborn branch, transferred for standby branch
It connects；Standby branch quantity is that need to graft the 20%-25% of quantity；Position is chosen in section of the trunk away from the first side shoot；After grafting 2 years
Standby branch is removed.
6. a kind of jujube tree reshaping implantation methods according to claim 3 or 5, which is characterized in that after completing the grafting, be
Protection grafting twig survives, and an isosceles up-side down triangle perpendicular with jujube tree face is respectively arranged on the both ends jujube tree of a row fruit tree
Holder, isosceles up-side down triangle are made of two hound support rails, sideline are drawn between the corresponding vertex of two cross bars, then two
More hanging wires of parallel drawing between sideline, cotton rope selection will not ankle injury branch plastic ties.
7. a kind of jujube tree reshaping implantation methods according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the height of the cross bar is 1-
1.5m；Sideline is bifilar plastic ties, and bracing wire is sub-thread plastic ties.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108811834A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2018-11-16 | 浠婚缚 | A kind of jujube tree Gao Guan changes head and helps a method |
| CN110754235A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-02-07 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | High-position grafting and cultivating method for passion flower in field |
| CN110809931A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-02-21 | 含山县青峰含翠果业有限公司 | Land preparation method for changing old tea garden into high-standard orchard |
| CN115176611A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-10-14 | 贵州省林业科学研究院 | Wax sealing method for Chinese honeylocust fruit scion |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108811834A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2018-11-16 | 浠婚缚 | A kind of jujube tree Gao Guan changes head and helps a method |
| CN110754235A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-02-07 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | High-position grafting and cultivating method for passion flower in field |
| CN110809931A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-02-21 | 含山县青峰含翠果业有限公司 | Land preparation method for changing old tea garden into high-standard orchard |
| CN115176611A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-10-14 | 贵州省林业科学研究院 | Wax sealing method for Chinese honeylocust fruit scion |
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Application publication date: 20180928 |