CN110809931A - Land preparation method for changing old tea garden into high-standard orchard - Google Patents
Land preparation method for changing old tea garden into high-standard orchard Download PDFInfo
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- CN110809931A CN110809931A CN201911214945.2A CN201911214945A CN110809931A CN 110809931 A CN110809931 A CN 110809931A CN 201911214945 A CN201911214945 A CN 201911214945A CN 110809931 A CN110809931 A CN 110809931A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Abstract
The invention provides a soil preparation method for changing an old tea garden into a high-standard orchard, which relates to the technical field of changing the old tea garden, and comprises the steps of fixing rows and removing tea branches; scribing; applying a planting base fertilizer; deeply ploughing the planting ditches and opening drainage ditches; burying tea branches and spreading urea; backfilling the planting ditch and opening a watering ditch; determining a planting point, drilling a planting hole, and applying a planting fertilizer; planting seedlings and watering root fixing water; making a bed; the method is characterized in that the old tea garden is reasonably changed and utilized, waste of dried tea branches is utilized, and through mutual matching of the steps, fruit tree seedlings in the orchard grow more vigorously and the survival rate is higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of old tea garden changing, in particular to a soil preparation method for changing old tea garden into high-standard orchard.
Background
The tea garden cultivation industry is often the dominant industry of old tea areas and the preferentially developed industry, after long-term development, most of the land capable of developing tea in mountainous areas has developed tea, land resources of newly developed tea bases are very limited, factors such as ecological protection, returning to cultivation and forests are comprehensively considered in the newly developed tea garden, and the development space is smaller and smaller.
After the cultivation time of the tea garden is long, the soil fertility is easily reduced, and the yield of the tea trees is reduced. The economic age of the tea trees is about 50 years, and the aging production capacity of the age of the tea trees is gradually reduced through long-term cultivation, so that the updating, the seed changing and the planting of the tea garden become important measures. At present, old tea gardens are generally reformed through upper parts, although the tree vigor can be rejuvenated, the rejuvenation function is weakened along with the increase of the updating times, and the economic benefit is reduced. Aiming at the problems, the old tea garden is changed into a high-standard orchard to become a new trend of the development of the old tea garden at present, the land of the old tea garden can be fully utilized, waste materials such as dried tea branches can be utilized, and the environment protection is facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a soil preparation method for changing an old tea garden into a high-standard orchard.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a land preparation method for changing old tea gardens into high-standard orchards comprises the following steps:
1) line fixing and tea branch clearing: according to the plant-row spacing of fruit tree varieties planted in each plot, primarily determining planting rows on vertical bamboo poles at two ends of the plot, and removing tea branches on the planting rows in an interlaced mode by using a small excavator for the next step of line snapping and fertilization by using quicklime on the planting rows;
2) scribing: marking lines on the planned planting rows by using raw soda lime;
3) applying a planting base fertilizer: uniformly spreading planting base fertilizer on the planting rows under the condition that the soil of the garden is dry, and uniformly spreading phosphate fertilizer after the planting base fertilizer is spread;
4) deeply ploughing the planting ditch and opening a drainage ditch: digging planting ditches with the width of 80cm and the depth of 70cm along the fixed planting rows by using an excavator, scattering the dug soil and base fertilizer on two sides of the planting ditches on site, digging drainage deep ditches in the field, wherein the drainage depth is 90-100cm, observing the condition of local ditch bottoms after the planting ditches and the drainage ditches are dug, and trimming at any time to communicate the ditches and drain water smoothly at the ditch bottoms;
5) burying tea branches, and spreading urea: placing 30-40cm thick withered tea branches or 40cm crop straws on the bottommost layer of the planting ditch, and scattering 15 kilograms of urea on each mu of dry tea branches or crop straws;
6) backfilling the planting ditch and forming a watering ditch: backfilling planting ditch soil and fertilizer by using a small excavator, taking soil between lines after backfilling the soil and the fertilizer to form a furrow, wherein the highest part of the furrow surface is 40-50cm higher than the soil between the lines and is shaped like a fish back, then opening a watering shallow ditch with the depth of about 30cm along a planting line by using an excavator, watering along the opened shallow ditch until the watering is thorough, opening a field drainage ditch at the head of an orchard field with the depth of 90-100cm, burying half depth of withered tea branches, and then covering soil;
7) determining a planting point, drilling a planting hole, and applying a planting fertilizer;
8) planting seedlings and watering root fixing water;
9) ridging: with the small seedling planting zone as the center, making a furrow with lm width, wherein the height of the top of the furrow is 40-50cm, and the furrow is roughly flat and is shaped like a fish back;
10) rotary tillage and detoxification are carried out in the whole garden: the orchard is disinfected, and then the soil in the planting rows is cultivated once by a machine to loosen the soil.
Further, in the step 2), the consumption of the raw soda lime is 15 kilograms per mu.
Further, in the step 3), the planting base fertilizer is decomposed animal manure, and the application mass ratio of the planting base fertilizer to the phosphate fertilizer is 800: 1.
Further, in step 7), the specific operation of determining the planting point is as follows: the center of the planting row is marked by a long rope, the planting position of the fruit seedlings is marked in the planting row by a measuring tape, the planting distance is kept consistent, and marks are made by lime.
Further, in step 7), the operation of making the planting holes specifically comprises: and (4) drilling a pit with the depth of 30cm at the planting position.
Further, in step 7), the concrete operations of applying the planting fertilizer are as follows: 2kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied to each fruit tree, then raw soil is taken from row to row, and the thickness of the soil covering on the fertilizer is 10 cm.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a soil preparation method for changing an old tea garden into a high-standard orchard, which can effectively utilize nutrients and dried tea branches in the land of the old tea garden to ensure that fruit trees in the changed orchard grow vigorously and have high survival rate. Wherein, the marking is carried out by the raw soda lime, and the soil in the planting rows can be disinfected while the marking requirement is met; the drainage ditch is deeper than the planting ditch, which is convenient for deep drainage of the garden; urea is spread on the dried tea branches or crop straws to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the straws, so that the straws are convenient to become thoroughly decomposed, and the waste utilization of the dried tea branches is realized; the drainage ditch is arranged at the head of the field, so that rainwater in the field can be drained in time. The method reasonably replanting and utilizing old tea gardens, realizes the waste utilization of dried tea branches, and enables fruit tree seedlings in orchards to grow more vigorously, have higher survival rate and produce better fruit quality through the mutual matching of the steps.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a land preparation method for changing old tea gardens into high-standard orchards comprises the following steps:
1) line fixing and tea branch clearing: according to the plant-row spacing of fruit tree varieties planted in each plot, primarily determining planting rows on vertical bamboo poles at two ends of the plot, and removing tea branches on the planting rows in an interlaced mode by using a small excavator for the next step of line snapping and fertilization by using quicklime on the planting rows;
2) scribing: marking lines on the planned planting rows by using raw soda lime, wherein the using amount of the raw soda lime is 15 kilograms per mu;
3) applying a planting base fertilizer: uniformly spreading planting base fertilizer on planting rows under the condition that the garden soil is dry, uniformly spreading phosphate fertilizer after the planting base fertilizer is spread, wherein the planting base fertilizer is decomposed animal manure, and the application mass ratio of the planting base fertilizer to the phosphate fertilizer is 800: 1;
4) deeply ploughing the planting ditch and opening a drainage ditch: digging planting ditches with the width of 80cm and the depth of 70cm along the fixed planting rows by using an excavator, scattering the dug soil and base fertilizer on two sides of the planting ditches on site, digging drainage deep ditches in the field, wherein the drainage depth is 90cm, observing the condition of local ditch bottoms after the planting ditches and the drainage ditches are dug, and trimming at any time to communicate the ditches and drain water smoothly at the ditch bottoms;
5) burying tea branches, and spreading urea: placing withered tea branches with the thickness of 40cm or crop straws with the thickness of 40cm at the bottom layer of the planting ditch, and scattering 15 kilograms of urea on each mu of dry tea branches or crop straws;
6) backfilling the planting ditch and forming a watering ditch: backfilling planting ditch soil and fertilizer by using a small excavator, taking soil between lines after backfilling the soil and the fertilizer to form a furrow, wherein the highest part of the furrow surface is 50cm higher than the soil between the lines and is in a fish back shape, then opening a watering shallow ditch with the depth of about 30cm along a planting line by using an excavator, watering along the opened shallow ditch until the shallow ditch is thoroughly watered, opening a field head drainage ditch with the depth of 90cm at the head of an orchard field, burying withered tea branches to half depth, and then covering soil;
7) determining a planting point, drilling a planting hole and applying a planting fertilizer, wherein in the step 7), the specific operation of determining the planting point is as follows: calibrating the center of the planting row by using a long rope, calibrating the planting position of the fruit seedlings in the planting row by using a measuring tape to keep the plant spacing consistent, and marking by using lime; the specific operation of making the planting holes is as follows: drilling a pit with the depth of 30cm at the planting position; the concrete operation of applying the planting fertilizer is as follows: 2kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied to each fruit tree, then raw soil is taken from row to row, and the thickness of the soil covering on the fertilizer is 10 cm;
8) planting seedlings and watering root fixing water;
9) ridging: with the small seedling planting zone as the center, making a furrow with lm width, wherein the height of the top of the furrow is 40cm, and the furrow is roughly flat and is shaped like a fish back;
10) rotary tillage and detoxification are carried out in the whole garden: the orchard is disinfected, and then the soil in the planting rows is cultivated once by a machine to loosen the soil.
Example 2:
a land preparation method for changing old tea gardens into high-standard orchards comprises the following steps:
1) line fixing and tea branch clearing: according to the plant-row spacing of fruit tree varieties planted in each plot, primarily determining planting rows on vertical bamboo poles at two ends of the plot, and removing tea branches on the planting rows in an interlaced mode by using a small excavator for the next step of line snapping and fertilization by using quicklime on the planting rows;
2) scribing: marking lines on the planned planting rows by using raw soda lime, wherein the using amount of the raw soda lime is 15 kilograms per mu;
3) applying a planting base fertilizer: uniformly spreading planting base fertilizer on planting rows under the condition that the garden soil is dry, uniformly spreading phosphate fertilizer after the planting base fertilizer is spread, wherein the planting base fertilizer is decomposed animal manure, and the application mass ratio of the planting base fertilizer to the phosphate fertilizer is 800: 1;
4) deeply ploughing the planting ditch and opening a drainage ditch: digging planting ditches with the width of 80cm and the depth of 70cm along the fixed planting rows by using an excavator, scattering the dug soil and base fertilizer on two sides of the planting ditches on site, digging drainage deep ditches in the field, wherein the drainage depth is 100cm, observing the condition of local ditch bottoms after the planting ditches and the drainage ditches are dug, and trimming at any time to communicate the ditches and drain water smoothly at the ditch bottoms;
5) burying tea branches, and spreading urea: placing 30-thick withered tea branches or 40cm crop straws at the bottom layer of the planting ditch, and scattering 15 kilograms of urea on each mu of dry tea branches or crop straws;
6) backfilling the planting ditch and forming a watering ditch: backfilling planting ditch soil and fertilizer by using a small excavator, taking soil between lines after backfilling the soil and the fertilizer to form a furrow, wherein the highest part of the furrow surface is 40cm higher than the soil between the lines and is in a fish back shape, then opening a watering shallow ditch with the depth of about 30cm along a planting line by using an excavator, watering along the opened shallow ditch until the shallow ditch is thoroughly watered, opening a field head drainage ditch at the field head of an orchard, wherein the depth of the field head drainage ditch is 95cm, burying withered tea branches to half depth, and then covering soil;
7) determining a planting point, drilling a planting hole and applying a planting fertilizer, wherein in the step 7), the specific operation of determining the planting point is as follows: calibrating the center of the planting row by using a long rope, calibrating the planting position of the fruit seedlings in the planting row by using a measuring tape to keep the plant spacing consistent, and marking by using lime; the specific operation of making the planting holes is as follows: drilling a pit with the depth of 30cm at the planting position; the concrete operation of applying the planting fertilizer is as follows: 2kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied to each fruit tree, then raw soil is taken from row to row, and the thickness of the soil covering on the fertilizer is 10 cm;
8) planting seedlings and watering root fixing water;
9) ridging: with the small seedling planting zone as the center, making a furrow with lm width, wherein the height of the top of the furrow is 45cm, and the furrow is roughly flat and is shaped like a fish back;
10) rotary tillage and detoxification are carried out in the whole garden: the orchard is disinfected, and then the soil in the planting rows is cultivated once by a machine to loosen the soil.
Example 3:
a land preparation method for changing old tea gardens into high-standard orchards comprises the following steps:
1) line fixing and tea branch clearing: according to the plant-row spacing of fruit tree varieties planted in each plot, primarily determining planting rows on vertical bamboo poles at two ends of the plot, and removing tea branches on the planting rows in an interlaced mode by using a small excavator for the next step of line snapping and fertilization by using quicklime on the planting rows;
2) scribing: marking lines on the planned planting rows by using raw soda lime, wherein the using amount of the raw soda lime is 15 kilograms per mu;
3) applying a planting base fertilizer: uniformly spreading planting base fertilizer on planting rows under the condition that the garden soil is dry, uniformly spreading phosphate fertilizer after the planting base fertilizer is spread, wherein the planting base fertilizer is decomposed animal manure, and the application mass ratio of the planting base fertilizer to the phosphate fertilizer is 800: 1;
4) deeply ploughing the planting ditch and opening a drainage ditch: digging planting ditches with the width of 80cm and the depth of 70cm along the fixed planting rows by using an excavator, scattering the dug soil and base fertilizer on two sides of the planting ditches on site, digging drainage deep ditches in the field, wherein the drainage depth is 95cm, observing the condition of local ditch bottoms after the planting ditches and the drainage ditches are dug, and trimming at any time to communicate the ditches and drain water smoothly at the ditch bottoms;
5) burying tea branches, and spreading urea: placing withered tea branches or crop straws of 35cm in thickness or 40cm at the bottom layer of the planting ditch, and scattering 15 kilograms of urea on each mu of dry tea branches or crop straws;
6) backfilling the planting ditch and forming a watering ditch: backfilling planting ditch soil and fertilizer by using a small excavator, taking soil between lines after backfilling the soil and the fertilizer to form a furrow, wherein the highest part of the furrow surface is 40cm higher than the soil between the lines and is in a fish back shape, then opening a watering shallow ditch with the depth of about 30cm along a planting line by using an excavator, watering along the opened shallow ditch until the shallow ditch is thoroughly watered, opening a field head drainage ditch at the field head of an orchard, wherein the depth of the field head drainage ditch is 90cm, burying withered tea branches to half depth, and then covering soil;
7) determining a planting point, drilling a planting hole and applying a planting fertilizer, wherein in the step 7), the specific operation of determining the planting point is as follows: calibrating the center of the planting row by using a long rope, calibrating the planting position of the fruit seedlings in the planting row by using a measuring tape to keep the plant spacing consistent, and marking by using lime; the specific operation of making the planting holes is as follows: drilling a pit with the depth of 30cm at the planting position; the concrete operation of applying the planting fertilizer is as follows: 2kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied to each fruit tree, then raw soil is taken from row to row, and the thickness of the soil covering on the fertilizer is 10 cm;
8) planting seedlings and watering root fixing water;
9) ridging: with the small seedling planting zone as the center, making a furrow with lm width, wherein the height of the top of the furrow is 40cm, and the furrow is roughly flat and is shaped like a fish back;
10) rotary tillage and detoxification are carried out in the whole garden: the orchard is disinfected, and then the soil in the planting rows is cultivated once by a machine to loosen the soil.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A land preparation method for changing old tea gardens into high-standard orchards is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) line fixing and tea branch clearing: according to the plant-row spacing of fruit tree varieties planted in each plot, primarily determining planting rows on vertical bamboo poles at two ends of the plot, and removing tea branches on the planting rows in an interlaced mode by using a small excavator for the next step of line snapping and fertilization by using quicklime on the planting rows;
2) scribing: marking lines on the planned planting rows by using raw soda lime;
3) applying a planting base fertilizer: uniformly spreading planting base fertilizer on the planting rows under the condition that the soil of the garden is dry, and uniformly spreading phosphate fertilizer after the planting base fertilizer is spread;
4) deeply ploughing the planting ditch and opening a drainage ditch: digging planting ditches with the width of 80cm and the depth of 70cm along the fixed planting rows by using an excavator, scattering the dug soil and base fertilizer on two sides of the planting ditches on site, digging drainage deep ditches in the field, wherein the drainage depth is 90-100cm, observing the condition of local ditch bottoms after the planting ditches and the drainage ditches are dug, and trimming at any time to communicate the ditches and drain water smoothly at the ditch bottoms;
5) burying tea branches, and spreading urea: placing 30-40cm thick withered tea branches or 40cm crop straws on the bottommost layer of the planting ditch, and scattering 15 kilograms of urea on each mu of dry tea branches or crop straws;
6) backfilling the planting ditch and forming a watering ditch: backfilling planting ditch soil and fertilizer by using a small excavator, taking soil between lines after backfilling the soil and the fertilizer to form a furrow, wherein the highest part of the furrow surface is 40-50cm higher than the soil between the lines and is shaped like a fish back, then opening a watering shallow ditch with the depth of about 30cm along a planting line by using an excavator, watering along the opened shallow ditch until the watering is thorough, opening a field drainage ditch at the head of an orchard field with the depth of 90-100cm, burying half depth of withered tea branches, and then covering soil;
7) determining a planting point, drilling a planting hole, and applying a planting fertilizer;
8) planting seedlings and watering root fixing water;
9) ridging: with the small seedling planting zone as the center, making a furrow with lm width, wherein the height of the top of the furrow is 40-50cm, and the furrow is roughly flat and is shaped like a fish back;
10) rotary tillage and detoxification are carried out in the whole garden: the orchard is disinfected, and then the soil in the planting rows is cultivated once by a machine to loosen the soil.
2. The method for preparing soil for improving high-standard orchards by using old tea gardens as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the amount of the raw soda lime is 15 kg per mu.
3. The method for preparing soil for improving the planting of a high-standard orchard by using an old tea garden according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the planting base fertilizer is decomposed animal excrement, and the application mass ratio of the planting base fertilizer to the phosphate fertilizer is 800: 1.
4. The land preparation method for improving the planting of the high-standard orchard by using the old tea garden according to claim 1, wherein in the step 7), the specific operation of determining the planting points is as follows: the center of the planting row is marked by a long rope, the planting position of the fruit seedlings is marked in the planting row by a measuring tape, the planting distance is kept consistent, and marks are made by lime.
5. The method for preparing land for improving the high-standard orchard by using the old tea garden according to claim 1, wherein in the step 7), the operation of making the planting holes is that: and (4) drilling a pit with the depth of 30cm at the planting position.
6. The land preparation method for improving the planting of the high-standard orchards by using the old tea garden according to claim 1, wherein the concrete operation of applying the planting fertilizers in the step 7) is as follows: 2kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied to each fruit tree, then raw soil is taken from row to row, and the thickness of the soil covering on the fertilizer is 10 cm.
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Application publication date: 20200221 |