CN107114107B - chili pit type transplanting method - Google Patents
chili pit type transplanting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107114107B CN107114107B CN201710497449.7A CN201710497449A CN107114107B CN 107114107 B CN107114107 B CN 107114107B CN 201710497449 A CN201710497449 A CN 201710497449A CN 107114107 B CN107114107 B CN 107114107B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pit type transplanting method for peppers, which comprises the following steps: selecting, tidying, plowing, raking and crushing the pepper field, ensuring that the diameter of soil particles is less than 3cm, and opening a drainage ditch; after fertilizer is spread at the bottom of the ridge, ridging is completed according to the soil moisture content and the climate characteristics; cleaning up drainage ditches and furrows after ridging to ensure that no water is accumulated in the plots; catching effective rainfall before transplanting, and when soil moisture content is appropriate, robbing soil moisture and covering a film to facilitate soil moisture preservation and water storage; transplanting the pepper seedlings after the well cellar is manufactured; checking and supplementing seedlings, reasonably applying fertilizer and topdressing in later period. The invention can realize timely early planting, centralized transplanting and deep planting, the survival rate of the planted pepper seedlings is high, the growth vigor is vigorous, the growth is uniform, the pepper plants are balanced in nutrition and developed in root system, the high yield and the high quality are facilitated, meanwhile, the labor intensity of pepper farmers in transplanting can be reduced, the transplanting efficiency is improved, and the effects of saving labor and reducing cost are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of pepper planting, in particular to a well cellar type pepper transplanting method.
Background
The quality of the transplanted pepper determines the field growth in the later period of the pepper, influences the yield and income of the pepper, and is an important link in the pepper planting process. One of the key factors influencing the transplanting quality is the transplanting time, the time consumption is short, the growth difference of the pepper seedlings in the field is small, the management is convenient, the time is saved, the investment is small, otherwise, the growth difference of the pepper seedlings is large, the pepper seedlings are uneven, the management cost is high, the investment is large, and the optimal transplanting period is missed even for some cases, so that the pepper yield and the pepper quality are reduced.
In recent years, the pepper becomes an important industry for increasing income and becoming rich for farmers in following areas, the scale and standardization degree is higher and higher, the problem of insufficient rural labor force occurs in the key link of pepper transplanting, and the transplanting is completed in a short time with great difficulty.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a well cellar type transplanting method for hot peppers, which can realize timely early planting, centralized transplanting and deep planting, and hot pepper seedlings after planting have high survival rate, vigorous growth, regular and consistent growth, balanced hot pepper plants with developed roots, high yield and high quality, and can reduce the labor intensity of pepper farmers for transplanting, improve the transplanting efficiency and achieve the effects of saving labor and cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the method for transplanting the peppers in the pit comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting and arranging pepper
The selected land should be a crop rotation land, and the selected land needs loose soil texture, good permeability, moderate fertility, deep soil layer, smooth drainage and no history of soil-borne diseases, and mainly takes mountainous regions or high downland fields;
S2, deeply turning the land before winter in time, wherein the depth is more than 30 cm; plowing is sufficient and uniform, no plowing is leaked, harrowing and soil crushing are carried out after plowing, and the diameter of soil particles is ensured to be less than 3 cm; a drainage ditch is opened in time;
s3, before ridging, uniformly spreading 200kg of fully fermented organic fertilizer and 50kg of compound fertilizer on the bottom of a ridge by ditching strips at one time;
S4, ridging early in time according to soil moisture content and climate characteristics to help to preserve soil moisture at the bottom and to cover the soil moisture; the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of (1) carrying out uniform row and straight ridge, ensuring full ridge bodies, smooth ridge surfaces and fine ridge soil, forming ridge boxes and ridging ridges according to the length of 120cm, wherein the width of each ridge surface is 80cm, the width of each furrow is 20cm, and the height of each ridge is 25-30 cm;
s5, cleaning up the drainage ditch and the furrow after ridging to ensure that no water is accumulated in the land;
S6, catching effective rainfall before transplanting, and when soil moisture content is appropriate (relative moisture content is 60% -70%, wet traces are left on hands, the soil moisture content is slightly held into clusters, the soil moisture content is scattered when falling to the ground, and soil balls or strips cannot be formed by hand rubbing), soil moisture is robbed and coated with a film, and the mulching film is tightly covered to facilitate soil moisture conservation and water storage;
s7 well cellar manufacturing
before transplanting, a pit is made on the ridge body covered with the film by using a pepper planting puncher, and the plant spacing is calculated according to the actual density suitable for the variety; the well opening is circular, the diameter of the well is 10cm, the depth is 20cm, the upper part is 10cm, the well opening is cylindrical, and the lower part is 10cm, and the well opening is conical; when the water content of the soil is low and the well cellar is difficult to manufacture, the method is carried out by watering while manufacturing the well cellar, and each well cellar is watered by 100 ml.
S8, transplanting pepper seedlings
s81, selecting pepper seedlings with the seedling age of 45-60 days, the stem height of 10-15cm, 6-8 functional leaves, uniform and consistent sizes, strong growth vigor and no plant diseases and insect pests; before transplanting, putting the pepper seedlings under the condition of water leaving to harden the pepper seedlings for 3-4d, and paying attention to the fact that the plants cannot wither;
S82, vertically lifting the pepper seedling leaves with the seedling roots downward, slightly throwing the pepper seedlings into a well cellar, and when the pepper seedlings are placed, paying attention to avoid the loosening and falling of the matrix of the seedling roots; then, one hand holds the plant seedlings, and the other hand prizes a small amount of soil along the well opening by bamboo chips to bury the roots;
s83 root watering solution
Adding a water flush fertilizer into the solution according to the concentration of 1 percent, adding a pesticide for preventing and controlling the underground pests, fully dissolving and uniformly stirring, placing the mixture in a container, and spraying the mixture along the wall of a well, wherein each well contains 200ml of the water flush fertilizer, the soil moisture content of each well is about 100ml, the soil moisture content of each ridge is about 150ml, and the soil moisture content of each ridge is about 200 ml.
S9, checking and supplementing seedlings
and (4) checking and supplementing seedlings 6-8 days after transplanting, selecting robust pepper seedlings to be supplemented into the well cellar during seedling supplementing, and spraying water and fertilizer liquid medicine to ensure that the seedlings are uniform and strong.
s10, after 10-15 days of transplanting, applying a water flush fertilizer with the concentration of about 1% to each plant, and applying 100-; after planting for about 20 days, when the growth point of the pepper seedlings exceeds 10cm of the opening of the well cellar, filling gaps in the well cellar with fine soil, sealing the soil by a little higher than the ridge surface, and sealing the film opening;
S11, late-stage topdressing
A top dressing hole with the depth of about 10cm is drilled in the middle position between two pepper seedlings by a bamboo pole with the diameter of 3cm, and during top dressing, fertilizer is fully dissolved with water, applied into the hole and sealed by fine soil.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) Timely transplanting and deep plant planting. The problem of insufficient labor force in the optimal transplanting period is solved, the pepper seedlings are transplanted timely, and the configuration of climate resources is optimized to the maximum extent. The problem of high-foot seedlings caused by conventional transplanting is solved, deep planting of the pepper seedlings is thoroughly realized, and the late-stage pepper plant lodging resistance is facilitated.
2) Drought resisting, transplanting and early and fast growing. Solves the problem of ensuring the timely transplantation of the spring drought pepper in the production area by matching film covering and soil moisture preservation under the adverse conditions of drought and drought. After the pepper seedlings are transplanted, the survival rate of the pepper seedlings can be obviously improved by relatively stable temperature and humidity environments in the well cellar, the seedling revival period of the pepper seedlings can be obviously shortened, the early growth and fast growth of pepper plants are promoted, and the vigorous growth of pepper fields is effectively ensured.
3) The technology is simple and easy to learn, has the characteristics of understanding once, learning once, copying and taking away, and is quickly popular with vast pepper farmers.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a ridge in an embodiment of the present invention.
fig. 2 is a flow chart of a pit-type transplanting method for peppers according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
as shown in fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a pit-type transplanting method for peppers, including the following steps:
s1, selecting and arranging pepper
the selected land should be a crop rotation land, and the selected land needs loose soil texture, good permeability, moderate fertility, deep soil layer, smooth drainage and no history of soil-borne diseases, and mainly takes mountainous regions or high downland fields;
S2, deeply turning the land before winter in time, wherein the depth is more than 30 cm; plowing is sufficient and uniform, no plowing is leaked, harrowing and soil crushing are carried out after plowing, and the diameter of soil particles is ensured to be less than 3 cm; a drainage ditch is opened in time;
S3, before ridging, uniformly spreading 200kg of fully fermented organic fertilizer and 50kg of compound fertilizer on the bottom of a ridge by ditching strips at one time;
S4, as shown in figure 1, ridging is carried out timely and early according to soil moisture and climate characteristics so as to help to preserve bottom moisture and to cover the soil moisture; the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of (1) carrying out uniform row and straight ridge, ensuring full ridge bodies, smooth ridge surfaces and fine ridge soil, forming ridge boxes and ridging ridges according to the length of 120cm, wherein the width of each ridge surface is 80cm, the width of each furrow is 20cm, and the height of each ridge is 25-30 cm;
S5, cleaning up the drainage ditch and the furrow after ridging to ensure that no water is accumulated in the land;
S6, catching effective rainfall before transplanting, and when soil moisture content is appropriate (relative moisture content is 60% -70%, wet traces are left on hands, the soil moisture content is slightly held into clusters, the soil moisture content is scattered when falling to the ground, and soil balls or strips cannot be formed by hand rubbing), soil moisture is robbed and coated with a film, and the mulching film is tightly covered to facilitate soil moisture conservation and water storage;
S7 well cellar manufacturing
before transplanting, a pit is made on the ridge body covered with the film by using a pepper planting puncher, and the plant spacing is calculated according to the actual density suitable for the variety; the well opening is circular, the diameter of the well is 10cm, the depth is 20cm, the upper part is 10cm, the well opening is cylindrical, and the lower part is 10cm, and the well opening is conical; when the water content of the soil is low and the well cellar is difficult to manufacture, the method is carried out by watering while manufacturing the well cellar, and each well cellar is watered by 100 ml.
s8, transplanting pepper seedlings
s81, selecting pepper seedlings with the seedling age of 45-60 days, the stem height of 10-15cm, 6-8 functional leaves, uniform and consistent sizes, strong growth vigor and no plant diseases and insect pests; before transplanting, putting the pepper seedlings under the condition of water leaving to harden the pepper seedlings for 3-4d, and paying attention to the fact that the plants cannot wither;
S82, vertically lifting the pepper seedling leaves with the seedling roots downward, slightly throwing the pepper seedlings into a well cellar, and when the pepper seedlings are placed, paying attention to avoid the loosening and falling of the matrix of the seedling roots; then, one hand holds the plant seedlings, and the other hand prizes a small amount of soil along the well opening by bamboo chips to bury the roots;
s83 root watering solution
the solution is prepared by mixing water flush fertilizer according to the concentration of 1 percent, pesticide (Kangwan, the concentration is described by reference label) for preventing and controlling underground pests is added, the mixture is fully dissolved and uniformly stirred, and is placed in a container to be sprayed along the well wall, each well cellar contains 200ml of 100 plus materials, the soil moisture content of ridge bodies is about 100ml, the soil moisture content of ridge bodies is about 150ml, and the soil moisture content of ridge bodies is about 200 ml.
S9, checking and supplementing seedlings
and (4) checking and supplementing seedlings 6-8 days after transplanting, selecting robust pepper seedlings to be supplemented into the well cellar during seedling supplementing, and spraying water and fertilizer liquid medicine to ensure that the seedlings are uniform and strong.
S10, after 10-15 days of transplanting, applying a water flush fertilizer with the concentration of about 1% to each plant, and applying 100-; after planting for about 20 days, when the growth point of the pepper seedlings exceeds 10cm of the opening of the well cellar, filling gaps in the well cellar with fine soil, sealing the soil by a little higher than the ridge surface, and sealing the film opening;
S11, late-stage topdressing
a top dressing hole with the depth of about 10cm is drilled in the middle position between two pepper seedlings by a bamboo pole with the diameter of 3cm, and during top dressing, fertilizer is fully dissolved with water, applied into the hole and sealed by fine soil.
The pepper well cellar type transplanting refers to a transplanting mode of manufacturing a well cellar with proper specification on the ridge body and transplanting pepper seedlings with proper age into the well cellar. By adopting the method for transplanting, the pepper seedlings are in a relatively heat-preserving and moisture-preserving environment, the growing environment is similar to the environment of a seedling raising greenhouse, strong seedling cultivation and pepper seedling deep planting are simultaneously carried out in a well cellar, pepper timely transplanting can be ensured, plants can be promoted to grow early and quickly, and later-stage pepper plant lodging resistance is facilitated.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The method for transplanting the peppers in the pit is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
S1, selecting and arranging pepper
The selected land should be a crop rotation land, and the selected land needs loose soil texture, good permeability, moderate fertility, deep soil layer, smooth drainage and no history of soil-borne diseases, and mainly takes mountainous regions or high downland fields;
S2, deeply turning the land before winter in time, wherein the depth is more than 30 cm; plowing is sufficient and uniform, no plowing is leaked, harrowing and soil crushing are carried out after plowing, and the diameter of soil particles is ensured to be less than 3 cm; a drainage ditch is opened in time;
S3, before ridging, uniformly spreading 200kg of fully fermented organic fertilizer and 50kg of compound fertilizer on the bottom of a ridge by ditching strips at one time;
S4, ridging early in time according to soil moisture content and climate characteristics to help to preserve soil moisture at the bottom and to cover the soil moisture; the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of (1) carrying out uniform row and straight ridge, ensuring full ridge bodies, smooth ridge surfaces and fine ridge soil, forming ridge boxes and ridging ridges according to the length of 120cm, wherein the width of each ridge surface is 80cm, the width of each furrow is 20cm, and the height of each ridge is 25-30 cm;
S5, cleaning up the drainage ditch and the furrow after ridging to ensure that no water is accumulated in the land;
S6, holding effective rainfall before transplanting, and when soil moisture content is appropriate, performing soil moisture robbing and film covering, wherein the mulching film needs to be tight to facilitate soil moisture conservation and water storage; the soil moisture content is proper, namely the relative moisture content is 60-70%, wet traces are left on hands, the soil moisture content is slightly held into clusters, the soil moisture content is scattered when falling to the ground, and soil balls or strips cannot be formed when the soil moisture content is rubbed by hands;
s7 well cellar manufacturing
before transplanting, a pit is made on the ridge body covered with the film by using a pepper planting puncher, and the plant spacing is calculated according to the actual density suitable for the variety; the pit opening is circular, the diameter of the pit is 10cm, the depth is 20cm, the upper part is 10cm, the pit opening is cylindrical, and the lower part is 10cm, and the pit opening is conical;
s8, transplanting pepper seedlings
S81, selecting pepper seedlings with the seedling age of 45-60 days, the stem height of 10-15cm, 6-8 functional leaves, uniform and consistent sizes, strong growth vigor and no plant diseases and insect pests; before transplanting, putting the pepper seedlings under the condition of water leaving to harden the pepper seedlings for 3-4d, and paying attention to the fact that the plants cannot wither;
S82, vertically lifting the pepper seedling leaves with the seedling roots downward, slightly throwing the pepper seedlings into a well cellar, and when the pepper seedlings are placed, paying attention to avoid the loosening and falling of the matrix of the seedling roots; then, one hand holds the plant seedlings, and the other hand prizes a small amount of soil along the well opening by bamboo chips to bury the roots;
s83 root watering solution
mixing the solution with water flush fertilizer according to the concentration of 1 percent, adding the pesticide for preventing and controlling the underground pests, fully dissolving and uniformly stirring, placing the mixture in a container, and spraying the mixture along the wall of a well, wherein each well contains 100 plus 200ml of the water flush fertilizer;
S9, checking and supplementing seedlings
After transplanting, 6-8d, checking and supplementing seedlings, selecting strong pepper seedlings to supplement into the well cellar during seedling supplementing, and spraying water and fertilizer liquid medicine to ensure that the seedlings are uniform and strong;
S10, after 10-15 days of transplanting, applying a water flush fertilizer with the concentration of about 1% to each plant, and applying 100-; after planting for about 20 days, when the growth point of the pepper seedlings exceeds 10cm of the opening of the well cellar, filling gaps in the well cellar with fine soil, sealing the soil by a little higher than the ridge surface, and sealing the film opening;
s11, late-stage topdressing
A top dressing hole with the depth of about 10cm is drilled in the middle position between two pepper seedlings by a bamboo pole with the diameter of 3cm, and during top dressing, fertilizer is fully dissolved with water, applied into the hole and sealed by fine soil.
2. the method for transplanting peppers into a pit according to claim 1, wherein when the soil moisture content is low and it is difficult to form the pit, watering is carried out while forming the pit, and 100ml of water is poured into each pit.
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| CN201710497449.7A CN107114107B (en) | 2017-06-22 | 2017-06-22 | chili pit type transplanting method |
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| CN108901737A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-11-30 | 山东临沂烟草有限公司 | Water makes method well cellar method for transplanting and its dedicated well cellar maker |
| CN112450026A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-03-09 | 中国烟草总公司重庆市公司酉阳分公司 | Well cellar sealing method for well cellar type transplanted tobacco seedlings |
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| CN203279478U (en) * | 2013-05-16 | 2013-11-13 | 中国烟草总公司重庆市公司烟草科学研究所 | Flue-cured tobacco kiln type transplanting manual puncher |
| CN203457517U (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2014-03-05 | 中国烟草总公司重庆市公司丰都分公司 | Well kiln type distance puncher for flue-cured tobacco seedlings |
| CN105075647A (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2015-11-25 | 贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司 | Rainwater harvesting and drought resisting transplanting method adopting butterfly-shaped double-row concave ridges with large pits for deep application and used for flue-cured tobacco |
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