CN107750838B - Optimized high-yield cultivation method for square bamboos - Google Patents
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Abstract
The optimized high-yield cultivation method for the square bamboos comprises a mother bamboo cultivation process and a large-area cultivation process of the square bamboos, wherein the mother bamboo cultivation process comprises the following steps: step one, preparing a seedling raising pot; step two, selecting mother bamboos for filling the pots; planting scattered bamboos; managing mother bamboos for filling the pot; the large-area cultivation process of the square bamboos comprises the following steps: step one, selecting a square bamboo planting base; step two, digging planting holes; step three, transferring and loading the pot mother bamboos; step four, transplanting and loading pot mother bamboos; fifthly, managing the planted forest; and step six, harvesting the bamboo shoots. According to the method, the container seedling raising method is adopted to culture the mother bamboos, so that the container and the seedling raising pot are only required to be transported together when the mother bamboos are cultivated, the seedling raising pot can be torn off to cultivate the mother bamboos, and bamboo rhizomes are not required to be exposed in the planting process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of square bamboo planting, in particular to an optimized high-yield cultivation method for square bamboo.
Background
The square bamboo is excellent small and medium-sized bamboo used for bamboo shoots in the genus of Han bamboo of the subfamily Bambusoideae of Gramineae, the bamboo stalks are green, the small-sized bamboo stalks are round, the bamboo stalks are uniquely square in shape during the forming of the bamboo, green buckeye forms a tower shape, green and green are in a dripping state, the square bamboo is elegant, the square bamboo is excellent in gardens and bamboo species used for bamboo shoots, the bamboo species used for bamboo shoots is thick in meat, tender in taste, crisp and delicious in bamboo shoots, and rich in protein and amino acid, so that the large-area cultivation of the square bamboo has good economic benefits.
At present, the area of artificial afforestation of square bamboos is continuously enlarged, the demand of bamboo seedlings is increasingly large, and the quality requirement is increasingly high. The traditional method for transferring flagella with rods and achieving the bottom survival rate of bare-rooted seedling afforestation becomes a key factor for restricting the large-scale development of the square bamboos and improving the artificial quality of the square bamboos.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an optimized high-yield cultivation method for square bamboos, which aims to solve the technical problem that the square bamboos are difficult to survive in the cultivation in the prior art; and solves the technical problem that the yield of the bamboo shoots in the existing square bamboo forest is too low.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a square bamboo optimized high-yield cultivation method is characterized by comprising a mother bamboo cultivation process and a square bamboo large-area cultivation process,
the mother bamboo cultivation process comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a seedling raising pot: seedling raising pots are uniformly placed in a greenhouse at intervals;
step two, selecting mother bamboos for filling the pot: selecting and loading pot-contained mother bamboos before the bamboo shoots come out of the soil in spring for 2-3 months or autumn for 9-10 months from a square bamboo nursery land, digging every 4 or 5 bamboo clusters, ensuring that the penis buds and the penis roots are complete when digging, and carefully and lightly placing the square bamboos to avoid damaging bamboo poles in the process of digging and transporting the square bamboos to a greenhouse;
planting scattered bamboos: planting square bamboos in each seedling raising pot by using the seedling raising matrix, and planting a clump of square bamboos in each seedling raising pot;
step four, managing the pot-filling mother bamboos: after potting, thoroughly watering the seedling substrate for the first time, watering at 6 pm every 1 or 2 days in summer, spraying water on leaf surfaces, watering at 6 pm every 2 or 3 days in winter, spraying water on leaf surfaces, and selectively watering according to the humidity of the seedling substrate in each pot every 2 or 3 days after new leaves grow out;
the large-area cultivation process of the square bamboos comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting a square bamboo planting base: selecting a place with a shady and humid environment, pretreating a planting base, removing stones and sundries, deeply turning the soil for 20-50 cm 1-2 months before the square bamboos are planted, smashing the soil blocks, and arranging drainage ditches at the gentle and low-lying positions;
step two, digging planting holes: dividing squares in a planting base according to the length of 2.5-3 m, digging a planting hole in the center of each square, wherein the depth of the dug planting hole is 10-30 cm higher than that of a seedling raising pot, and the length and width are 10-15 cm larger than that of the seedling raising pot;
step three, transferring and loading the pot mother bamboos: selecting potted parent bamboos which are strong in production, luxuriant in branches and leaves and normal in bamboo joints, removing the damaged branches and leaves, transporting to a square bamboo planting base, and keeping the potted parent bamboos wet in the transportation process;
step four, transplanting the pot-filling mother bamboos: in spring for 2-4 months, a method combining single-bamboo mother bamboo afforestation and mother plant cluster afforestation is adopted to carry out large-area square bamboo cultivation, the single-bamboo mother bamboo afforestation is to carry out single-bamboo mother bamboo afforestation on square bamboos with the bamboo height of more than 2.5m and the bamboo stem of 4-5 cm, the mother plant cluster afforestation is to carry out mother plant cluster afforestation on the mother plant clusters in potted mother bamboos, the mother plant clusters in potted mother bamboos are mother plant clusters obtained by removing single-branch square bamboos with the bamboo height of more than 2.5m and the bamboo stem of 4-5 cm, the single-branch mother bamboos and the mother plant clusters are planted in a hole planting center, the bottom of each hole is covered with a mixture of farmyard manure and compound fertilizer, and finally the surface soil is covered;
step five, planting forest management: after planting, enhancing water management, irrigating at proper time, transplanting dead mother bamboos in time for replanting, keeping sufficient sunlight, removing weeds as early as possible, protecting bamboo seedling growth, fully harvesting early-stage bamboo shoots growing out of the mother bamboos, fertilizing and earthing up in time, digging out far, small, weak and dense new bamboo plants, reserving strong new bamboo plants, and interplanting sweet potato seedlings and green manure in the bamboo forest after the second year and later when the bamboo forest grows stably;
step six, harvesting the bamboo shoots: the bamboo shoots can be harvested in the next mother year, and the age structure of the plantation is adjusted after the 3 rd year, so that the 2-year-old and 3-year-old bamboo accounts for 60% -70% of the plantation.
Further preferably, in the second step of the mother bamboo cultivation process, the seedling raising substrate is prepared from humus soil, grass peat, organic fertilizer and fine river sand according to the weight ratio of 3.5: 2.5:3:1, specifically comprising the steps of:
step one, mixing raw materials: the humus soil, the grass peat and the organic fertilizer are mixed according to the weight ratio of 3.5: 2.5:3, mixing, placing on a turning machine, turning, smashing the mixture while turning, and finally forming primary ingredients;
step two, impurity removal: removing plastics and sand with the diameter larger than 1cm in the mixture;
step three, compounding: the primary ingredients and the fine river sand are uniformly mixed according to the proportion to obtain the required seedling substrate.
Further, in the third step of the mother bamboo cultivation process, a latex layer is laid between the bottom of the seedling raising pot and the seedling raising substrate.
Further, the concrete method for interplanting the sweet potato seedlings and the green manure in the bamboo forest in the step five of the square bamboo large-area cultivation flow comprises the steps of planting the sweet potato seedlings in the next year and 4 months after the mother bamboo cultivation, and planting the green manure every year after planting the sweet potato seedlings.
Further, the interplanting of the sweet potato seedlings and the green manure in the bamboo forest specifically comprises the following steps:
step a, planting sweet potato seedlings: deep ploughing the land outside the circumference with the radius of 0.9 by taking each planting hole as the circle center, ploughing a plurality of ridges with the height of 0.6m on the land, planting the roots of sweet potato seedlings into seedling growing pits, and enabling the row spacing of the sweet potato seedlings to be 0.5 m;
b, sweet potato seedling planting management: watering the planted sweet potato seedlings in time, and checking and filling gaps after 8 days after planting; applying water fertilizer for 1 time every three months, wherein the water fertilizer is prepared from potassium fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, farmyard manure and water in a ratio of 0.5:0.8:0.7:1, throwing out the sweet potatoes after the sweet potatoes are mature, and collecting and transporting out the residual branches of the sweet potatoes;
step c, planting green manure: after the steps are adopted for planting the sweet potatoes for two years, the green manure can be planted, and the green manure is cultivated in the land with the radius of 0.4-0.5 by taking each planting hole as the circle center.
Furthermore, the seedling raising substrate in the third step of the mother bamboo cultivation process comprises humus soil, turf, filler and farmyard manure, and the weight ratio of the humus soil to the turf to the filler to the farmyard manure is 0.5:0.6:0.45: 0.3.
Further, the farmyard manure is animal manure after being dried in the sun.
In addition, the seedling raising substrate in the third step of the mother bamboo cultivation process is prepared from the following components in parts by weight of 3.5: 2.5:3:0.5, and mixing the humus soil, the grass peat, the organic fertilizer and the vermiculite.
More preferably, the green manure in the fifth step of the mother bamboo production process is a combination of two or three of the following materials, namely, the common fescue herb, the milk vetch, the common vetch herb, the common rue herb or the broad bean.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics and beneficial effects:
according to the method, the container seedling raising method is adopted to culture the mother bamboos, so that the container and the seedling raising pot are only required to be transported together when the mother bamboos are cultivated, the seedling raising pot can be torn off to cultivate the mother bamboos, and bamboo rhizomes are not required to be exposed in the planting process.
The method provided by the invention has the advantages that the sweet potatoes are planted two years after the mother bamboos are planted, the economic benefit can be increased when the yield of the bamboo shoots is low, and then the green manure is planted, so that the waste materials can be added to the bamboo forest, the artificial fertilization times are reduced, and the manpower and material resources are saved.
The invention has the characteristics of safety, applicability and the like, has good popularization and practical values, and can generate good economic benefits after wide popularization and application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, innovative features, objectives and functions realized by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further described below.
The examples described herein are specific embodiments of the present invention, are intended to be illustrative and exemplary in nature, and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. In addition to the embodiments described herein, those skilled in the art will be able to employ other technical solutions which are obvious based on the disclosure of the claims and the specification of the present application, and these technical solutions include technical solutions which make any obvious replacement or modification for the embodiments described herein.
A square bamboo optimized high-yield cultivation method is characterized by comprising a mother bamboo cultivation process and a square bamboo large-area cultivation process,
the mother bamboo cultivation process comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a seedling raising pot: seedling raising pots are uniformly placed in a greenhouse at intervals;
step two, selecting mother bamboos for filling the pot: selecting and loading pot-contained mother bamboos before the bamboo shoots come out of the soil in spring for 2-3 months or autumn for 9-10 months from a square bamboo nursery land, digging every 4 or 5 bamboo clusters, ensuring that the penis buds and the penis roots are complete when digging, and carefully and lightly placing the square bamboos to avoid damaging bamboo poles in the process of digging and transporting the square bamboos to a greenhouse;
planting scattered bamboos: planting square bamboos in each seedling raising pot by using seedling raising substrates, laying a latex layer between the bottom of each seedling raising pot and the seedling raising substrates in the second step of the mother bamboo cultivation process, and planting a clump of square bamboos in each seedling raising pot;
step four, managing the pot-filling mother bamboos: after potting, thoroughly watering the seedling substrate for the first time, watering at 6 pm every 1 or 2 days in summer, spraying water on leaf surfaces, watering at 6 pm every 2 or 3 days in winter, spraying water on leaf surfaces, and selectively watering according to the humidity of the seedling substrate in each pot every 2 or 3 days after new leaves grow out;
the large-area cultivation process of the square bamboos comprises the following steps:
1, selecting a square bamboo planting base: selecting a place with a shady and humid environment, pretreating a planting base, removing stones and sundries, deeply turning the soil for 20-50 cm 1-2 months before the square bamboos are planted, smashing the soil blocks, and arranging drainage ditches at the gentle and low-lying positions;
2, digging a planting hole: dividing squares in a planting base according to the length of 2.5-3 m, digging a planting hole in the center of each square, wherein the depth of the dug planting hole is 10-30 cm higher than that of a seedling raising pot, and the length and width are 10-15 cm larger than that of the seedling raising pot;
3, transferring and loading the pot mother bamboo: selecting potted parent bamboos which are strong in production, luxuriant in branches and leaves and normal in bamboo joints, removing the damaged branches and leaves, transporting to a square bamboo planting base, and keeping the potted parent bamboos wet in the transportation process;
step four, transplanting the pot-filling mother bamboos: in spring for 2-4 months, a method combining single-bamboo mother bamboo afforestation and mother plant cluster afforestation is adopted to carry out large-area square bamboo cultivation, the single-bamboo mother bamboo afforestation is to carry out single-bamboo mother bamboo afforestation on square bamboos with the bamboo height of more than 2.5m and the bamboo stem of 4-5 cm, the mother plant cluster afforestation is to carry out mother plant cluster afforestation on the mother plant clusters in potted mother bamboos, the mother plant clusters in potted mother bamboos are mother plant clusters obtained by removing single-branch square bamboos with the bamboo height of more than 2.5m and the bamboo stem of 4-5 cm, the single-branch mother bamboos and the mother plant clusters are planted in a hole planting center, the bottom of each hole is covered with a mixture of farmyard manure and compound fertilizer, and finally the surface soil is covered;
step five, planting forest management: after planting, enhancing water management, irrigating at proper time, transplanting dead mother bamboos in time for replanting, keeping sufficient sunlight, removing weeds as early as possible, protecting bamboo seedling growth, fully harvesting early bamboo shoots growing out of the early bamboo shoots, fertilizing and earthing up in time, digging out far, small, weak and dense new bamboo plants, and keeping the strong new bamboo plants; after the bamboo forest grows stably, planting sweet potato seedlings in the next year and 4 months after the mother bamboo cultivation, and planting green manure in each year after planting the sweet potato seedlings, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1, planting sweet potato seedlings: deep ploughing the land outside the circumference with the radius of 0.9 by taking each planting hole as the circle center, ploughing a plurality of ridges with the height of 0.6m on the land, planting the roots of sweet potato seedlings into seedling growing pits, and enabling the row spacing of the sweet potato seedlings to be 0.5 m;
2, sweet potato seedling planting management: watering the planted sweet potato seedlings in time, and checking and filling gaps after 8 days after planting; applying water fertilizer for 1 time every three months, wherein the water fertilizer is prepared from potassium fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, farmyard manure and water in a ratio of 0.5:0.8:0.7:1, throwing out the sweet potatoes after the sweet potatoes are mature, and collecting and transporting out the residual branches of the sweet potatoes;
3, planting green manure: planting the sweet potatoes for two years by adopting the steps, namely planting green manure, and cultivating the green manure on the land with the radius of 0.4-0.5 by taking each planting hole as the circle center;
and finally, harvesting the bamboo shoots: the bamboo shoots can be harvested in the next mother year, and the age structure of the plantation is adjusted after the 3 rd year, so that the 2-year-old and 3-year-old bamboo accounts for 60% -70% of the plantation.
The seedling raising substrate in the third step of the mother bamboo cultivation process is prepared from humus soil, turf, organic fertilizer and fine river sand according to the weight ratio of 3.5: 2.5:3:1, or a mixture of the soil for reproduction, the grass peat, the filler and the farmyard manure, wherein the weight ratio of the soil for reproduction, the grass peat, the filler and the farmyard manure is 0.5:0.6:0.45:0.3, or the weight ratio of the soil for reproduction, the grass peat, the filler and the farmyard manure is 3.5: 2.5:3:0.5, mixing the humus soil, the grass peat, the organic fertilizer and the vermiculite,
the three seedling substrate manufacturing processes specifically comprise the following steps:
step one, mixing raw materials: the humus soil, the grass peat and the organic fertilizer are mixed according to the weight ratio of 3.5: 2.5:3, mixing, placing on a turning machine, turning, smashing the mixture while turning, and finally forming primary ingredients;
step two, impurity removal: removing plastics and sand with the diameter larger than 1cm in the mixture;
step three, compounding: the primary ingredients and the fine river sand are uniformly mixed according to the proportion to obtain the required seedling substrate.
The farmyard manure is the animal manure after being dried in the sun, and the green manure is the combination of two or three of the mouse couch grass, the milk vetch, the shavings or the broad beans.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (3)
1. A square bamboo optimized high-yield cultivation method is characterized by comprising a mother bamboo cultivation process and a square bamboo large-area cultivation process,
the mother bamboo cultivation process comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a seedling raising pot: seedling raising pots are uniformly placed in a greenhouse at intervals;
step two, selecting mother bamboos for filling the pot: selecting and loading pot-contained mother bamboos before the bamboo shoots come out of the soil in spring for 2-3 months or autumn for 9-10 months from a square bamboo nursery land, digging every 4 or 5 bamboo clusters, ensuring that the penis buds and the penis roots are complete when digging, and carefully and lightly placing the square bamboos to avoid damaging bamboo poles in the process of digging and transporting the square bamboos to a greenhouse;
planting scattered bamboos: planting square bamboos in each seedling raising pot by using the seedling raising matrix, and planting a clump of square bamboos in each seedling raising pot;
the seedling raising substrate in the third step is prepared from humus soil, grass peat, organic fertilizer and fine river sand according to the weight ratio of 3.5: 2.5:3:1, specifically comprising the steps of:
step a, mixing raw materials: the humus soil, the grass peat and the organic fertilizer are mixed according to the weight ratio of 3.5: 2.5:3, mixing, placing on a turning machine, turning, smashing the mixture while turning, and finally forming primary ingredients;
step b, impurity removal: removing plastics and sand with the diameter larger than 1cm in the mixture;
step c, compounding: uniformly mixing the primary ingredients with fine river sand according to a proportion to obtain a required seedling culture substrate;
step four, managing the pot-filling mother bamboos: after potting, thoroughly watering the seedling substrate for the first time, watering at 6 pm every 1 or 2 days in summer, spraying water on leaf surfaces, watering at 6 pm every 2 or 3 days in winter, spraying water on leaf surfaces, and selectively watering according to the humidity of the seedling substrate in each pot every 2 or 3 days after new leaves grow out;
the large-area cultivation process of the square bamboos comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting a square bamboo planting base: selecting a place with a shady and humid environment, pretreating a planting base, removing stones and sundries, deeply turning the soil for 20-50 cm 1-2 months before the square bamboos are planted, smashing the soil blocks, and arranging drainage ditches at the gentle and low-lying positions;
step two, digging planting holes: dividing squares in a planting base according to the length of 2.5-3 m, digging a planting hole in the center of each square, wherein the depth of the dug planting hole is 10-30 cm higher than that of a seedling raising pot, and the length and width are 10-15 cm larger than that of the seedling raising pot;
step three, transferring and loading the pot mother bamboos: selecting potted parent bamboos which are strong in production, luxuriant in branches and leaves and normal in bamboo joints, removing the damaged branches and leaves, transporting to a square bamboo planting base, and keeping the potted parent bamboos wet in the transportation process;
step four, transplanting the pot-filling mother bamboos: in spring for 2-4 months, a method combining single-bamboo mother bamboo afforestation and mother plant cluster afforestation is adopted to carry out large-area square bamboo cultivation, the single-bamboo mother bamboo afforestation is to carry out single-bamboo mother bamboo afforestation on square bamboos with the bamboo height of more than 2.5m and the bamboo stem of 4-5 cm, the mother plant cluster afforestation is to carry out mother plant cluster afforestation on the mother plant clusters in potted mother bamboos, the mother plant clusters in potted mother bamboos are mother plant clusters obtained by removing single-branch square bamboos with the bamboo height of more than 2.5m and the bamboo stem of 4-5 cm, the single-branch mother bamboos and the mother plant clusters are planted in a hole planting center, the bottom of each hole is covered with a mixture of soil or farmyard manure and soil, and finally the surface is covered with surface soil;
step five, planting forest management: after planting, enhancing water management, irrigating at proper time, transplanting dead mother bamboos in time for replanting, keeping sufficient sunlight, removing weeds as early as possible, protecting bamboo seedling growth, fully harvesting early bamboo shoots grown from the mother bamboos, fertilizing and earthing up in time, digging out distant, small, weak and dense new bamboo plants, keeping robust new bamboo plants, and interplanting sweet potato seedlings and green manure in the bamboo forest after the second year and later when the bamboo forest grows stably;
the concrete method for interplanting the sweet potato seedlings and the green manure in the bamboo forest in the step five of the square bamboo large-area cultivation flow comprises the steps of planting the sweet potato seedlings in the next year and 4 months after the mother bamboo cultivation, and planting the green manure in each year after planting the sweet potato seedlings; the interplanting of the sweet potato seedlings and the green manure in the bamboo forest specifically comprises the following steps:
step a, planting sweet potato seedlings: deep ploughing the land outside the circumference with the radius of 0.9m by taking each planting hole as the circle center, ploughing a plurality of ridges with the height of 0.6m on the land, planting the roots of sweet potato seedlings into seedling growing pits, and enabling the row spacing of the sweet potato seedlings to be 0.5 m;
b, sweet potato seedling planting management: watering the planted sweet potato seedlings in time, and checking and filling gaps after 8 days after planting; applying water fertilizer for 1 time every three months, wherein the water fertilizer is prepared from potassium fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, farmyard manure and water in a ratio of 0.5:0.8:0.7:1, digging out the sweet potatoes after the sweet potatoes are ripe, and collecting and transporting out the residual branches of the sweet potatoes;
step c, planting green manure: after the two-year sweet potatoes are planted in succession in the steps, planting green manure, and cultivating the green manure on the land with the radius of 0.4-0.5 m by taking each planting hole as the circle center;
step six, harvesting the bamboo shoots: and harvesting the bamboo shoots next year by the next parent bamboo, and adjusting the age structure of the plantation after the 3 rd year, so that the 2-year-old and 3-year-old bamboos account for 60% -70% of the plantation.
2. The optimized high-yield cultivation method for square bamboos as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the third step of the mother bamboo cultivation process, a latex layer is also paved between the bottom of the seedling raising pot and the seedling raising substrate.
3. The optimized cultivation method for high yield of square bamboo as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the green manure in the fifth step of the mother bamboo cultivation process is the combination of two or three of the common fescue herb, the Chinese milk vetch, the taenia herb or the broad bean.
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| CN108925339A (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2018-12-04 | 广西健美乐食品有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich pellet bamboo |
| CN113632677A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-11-12 | 砀山县家庆果蔬种植专业合作社 | Planting method of red crisp pears |
| CN114402899A (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-04-29 | 贵州景胜农业发展有限公司 | High-yield planting method for square bamboos |
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