CN104472174A - Planting method for early sowing black peanuts with shells - Google Patents
Planting method for early sowing black peanuts with shells Download PDFInfo
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- CN104472174A CN104472174A CN201410711541.5A CN201410711541A CN104472174A CN 104472174 A CN104472174 A CN 104472174A CN 201410711541 A CN201410711541 A CN 201410711541A CN 104472174 A CN104472174 A CN 104472174A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 241001553178 Arachis glabrata Species 0.000 title abstract 7
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 240000001890 Ribes hudsonianum Species 0.000 claims description 55
- 235000016954 Ribes hudsonianum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 55
- 235000001466 Ribes nigrum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- YZHUMGUJCQRKBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O YZHUMGUJCQRKBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001232787 Epiphragma Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N (S,S)-paclobutrazol Chemical compound C([C@@H]([C@@H](O)C(C)(C)C)N1N=CN=C1)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VTNQPKFIQCLBDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetochlor Chemical compound CCOCN(C(=O)CCl)C1=C(C)C=CC=C1CC VTNQPKFIQCLBDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005985 Paclobutrazol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000004941 influx Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- AAEVYOVXGOFMJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N prometryn Chemical compound CSC1=NC(NC(C)C)=NC(NC(C)C)=N1 AAEVYOVXGOFMJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 2
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 2
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004475 Arginine Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000589180 Rhizobium Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N arginine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCCNC(N)=N ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N spiromesifen Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(C(O1)=O)=C(OC(=O)CC(C)(C)C)C11CCCC1 GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention provides a planting method for early sowing black peanuts with shells. The planting method for early sowing the black peanuts with the shells specifically comprises the steps of selecting a land; preparing the land; fertilizing in the whole layer by a balancing manner; processing the seeds; ditching and ridging; preventing soil and covering with a film; sowing with the shells; performing field management; the sowing with the shells is performed by the steps of (a) punching sowing holes in ridge surfaces through a special puncher according to the standard of line and ditch spacing of 30*15cm, wherein the size of the holes shall meet the requirement on normally seedling; (b) horizontally sowing two soaked peanuts with the shells into the holes, wherein the sowing depth is 3cm, and vertical sowing is avoided; (c) backfilling the sowing holes with fine soil in the ditches to form a small high mound, and slightly pressing to tightly cover the seed and the ditch film openings. According to the technical scheme, the planting method for early sowing the black peanuts with the shells has the effects that the production materials and labor input can be saved, the full seedlings of the peanut can be ensured, strong seedlings can be cultivated, the pollution caused by pesticides can be reduced, the cost can be saved, the efficiency can be raised, the produced black peanuts are high in quality, and the yield is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of implantation methods of blackcurrant pigment, in particular, the present invention relates to a kind of blackcurrant pigment band shell planting early enough method for planting.
Background technology
Blackcurrant pigment is one of colored peanut, also selenium enriched black peanut is referred to as, it is rich in selenium, iron, the trace elements such as zinc, also contain the nutrient components such as the amino acid of 8 kinds of vitamins and 19 kinds of needed by human body, protein content is up to 30%, arginine content 3.6%, potassium and Zn content significantly improve than common peanut, particularly Se content 8.3 milligrams/100 grams, 101% is exceeded than common peanut, praised by nutritionist and medical circle and be called " plant lean meat ", the laudatory title of " meat or fish in element ", there is brain healthy, delay senility, control cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, the effect such as cancer and diabetes, there is the effect of dietotherapeutic.Blackcurrant pigment wide adaptability, resistance to thin, drought-enduring, also can obtain comparatively good harvest at ramp ground, river shoal sand ground.Blackcurrant pigment has rhizobium symbiosis, and nitrogen free in energy fixed air, culture fertility, is a kind of good rotation crop, has significant social benefit, economic benefit and ecological benefits.
In the propelling tide of modern agriculture, early spring low temperature arid bad climate condition, sick worm source is constantly accumulated in soil, the low and high in cost of production practical problem of seed manual peeling efficiency hinders blackcurrant pigment large-scale development process quick propelling.
Summary of the invention
First object of the present invention is the problem of meeting the unfavourable weather such as low temperature, spring drought and large area rotten kind when solving plastic mulching plantation ahead of time.
Second object of the present invention is, solves the problem that in the mechanical descaling link of blackcurrant pigment large-scale production, plumule is mechanically damaged greatly or cost of manually peeling off is high.
3rd object of the present invention is to alleviate the biological harm to blackcurrant pigment seedling such as ant.
4th object of the present invention is to solve the problem that the agricultural chemicals such as preemergence herbicide affect blackcurrant pigment full stand.
5th object of the present invention is to alleviate the harm of soil-borne disease to blackcurrant pigment seedling.
6th object of the present invention is to reduce the input of blackcurrant pigment seed dressing and the impact on environment thereof.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The invention provides a kind of blackcurrant pigment band shell planting early enough method for planting, comprise the following steps:
(1) selection of land: select light grade, free of contamination plot, avoid peanut second crop soil, require that soil physical and chemical property is good, organic matter is abundant, soil layer is deep, quality is loose, draining is good, illumination is sufficient, possesses water source, transportation condition easily;
(2) plough: plough upturned soil winter and plough deeply cultivated, ploughing depth is at 25-30 centimetre; The shallow rake of rotary tillage in spring, namely ploughs i.e. use, the plot more to weeds, in advance about 10 days managements of weeds;
(3) holostrome balance fertilizing: when ploughing upturned soil deep ploughing (a) winter, by 15000Kg/ hectare application of organic fertilizers; B rotary tillage in () spring is raked the soil level before, after spreading fertilizer over the fields fertilizer by 30% of fertilizer amount, Rotary tillage rake is even; C () combines and does railway carriage or compartment, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer in dressing furrow, then earthing does railway carriage or compartment by 70% of fertilizer application amount;
(4) seed treatment: select that purity is greater than 98%, cleanliness be greater than 99%, germination rate is greater than 95%, water content lower than 13%, reticulate pattern obviously and the pod of full grains plant;
(5) trench digging does railway carriage or compartment: open dressing furrow by 80cm distance, ditch depth 10cm, furrow width 15-20cm, the management ditch of a dark 10cm, wide 15-20cm is opened in the centre position after fertilising between fertilizer ditch and fertilizer ditch, fill and lead up dressing furrow, railway carriage or compartment face width degree remains on 60-63cm simultaneously;
(6) anti-careless overlay film: (a) sprays and close weed killer herbicide on face, railway carriage or compartment, and every mu of use 25% prometryn 50-75 gram or Acetochlor 50-70 gram, be watered 30-50 kilogram; B, after () herbicide spraying, covering with plastic film immediately, selects the ultra micro film of wide 80cm, thick 0.004--008mm; C () shovels one deck thin soil on both sides, railway carriage or compartment in advance, for earthing after epiphragma; (d) by stretching two compacting behind face, plastic film mulching railway carriage or compartment, two people one group, the real film both sides of shovel soil pressure, mulch film has the place of breaking, and to obturage cut with fine earth;
(7) shell sowing is with: (a) nest is apart from the standard of 30X15cm by row, and use special-purpose punching device to beat planting hole on face, railway carriage or compartment, hole size is advisable can normally emerge; B 2 covered peanut Seed Levels after seed soaking are sowed in hole by (), sowing depth is 3 centimetres, prohibit and uprightly sow; (c) with fine earth backfill planting hole Cheng little Gao mound shape in ditch and light pressure by seed and nest film lid tight.
The method of blackcurrant pigment band shell early sowing plantation provided by the present invention, preferably, described seed treatment comprises the following steps:
(1) sow first about 7 days, band shell is basked seeds 2-3 days, except worm grain of preventing or cure a disease, bud grain, blighted grain before sowing, and carries out classification by seed quality, avoids producing large seedling;
(2) band shell seed 35-40 DEG C of water seed soaking chosen 12 hours.
The method of blackcurrant pigment band shell early sowing plantation provided by the present invention, preferably, described blackcurrant pigment band shell planting early enough method for planting also comprises field management way, comprises the following steps:
(1) observe field emergence situation, to planting hole, too small or peanut seedling tiltedly can not normally be emerged, and seedling is put in timely reaming;
(2) blackcurrant pigment checks situation of emerging after emerging in time, if any phenomenon of being short of seedling, sits water reseed with having urged the seed of bud;
(3) substantially all sprout at blackcurrant pigment seedling, when having two panels true leaf to launch, the two panels cotyledon be embedded in soil is cleared out, first pair of side shoot is basseted;
(4) carry out 3 weedings at seedling stage, group's phase, florescence, create the good condition such as nutrition, illumination, moisture to blackcurrant pigment growth;
(5) blooming between lower pin to pod influx time, occurring wilting when continuous three day noon of blackcurrant pigment blade, water in time, every mu of irrigation amount about 30 cubes;
(6) at full-bloom stage end, the plot prosperous to seedling, particularly plastic mulching plot, the paclobutrazol 30-40 gram of every mu of use 15% is watered 50 kilograms and sprays or be watered 50 kilograms spray with completely many 75 grams of grain.
Described technical scheme of the present invention has following beneficial effect: given full play to the growth characteristics of blackcurrant pigment, solve the six large practical problems that blackcurrant pigment planting process exists, one is solve the problem of meeting the unfavourable weather such as low temperature, spring drought and large area rotten kind when plastic mulching is planted ahead of time; Two is in the mechanical descaling link of blackcurrant pigment large-scale production, solves the problem that blackcurrant pigment plumule is mechanically damaged greatly or cost of manually peeling off is high; Three is alleviate biological the causing harm to blackcurrant pigment seedling such as ant; Four is solve the problem that the agricultural chemicals such as preemergence herbicide affect blackcurrant pigment full stand; Five is alleviate soil-borne disease causing harm to blackcurrant pigment seedling; Six be the reduction of blackcurrant pigment seed dressing input and on environment on impact.This technology has saves producer goods and labour's input, ensures peanut full stand, nurturing staff, alleviates the effect of pesticide pollution, reach the target of cost-saving synergistic, good quality and high output, green ecological.Through measuring and calculating, per hectare can reduce peel off labour cost 600 yuan and seed dressing of seed and drop into 300 yuan, improve emergence rate more than 10% (particularly early spring low temperature, arid condition under, act on remarkable especially), improve blackcurrant pigment plumpness more than 15%, improve output more than 8%.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific implementation method, embodiment of the present invention are described in detail, but it will be understood to those of skill in the art that following implementation method is only for illustration of the present invention, and should not be considered as limiting scope of the present invention.Unreceipted actual conditions in implementation method, the condition of conveniently conditioned disjunction manufacturer suggestion is carried out.
The invention provides a kind of blackcurrant pigment band shell plantation planting early enough method for planting, specifically comprise the following steps:
One, land use selection
Select the pollution-free plot having light grade, require that soil physical and chemical property is good, organic matter is abundant, soil layer is deep, quality is loose, draining is good, illumination is sufficient, preferably possesses water source, transportation condition easily.In situation with good conditionsi, avoid peanut second crop soil as far as possible.
Two, meticulous wholely
Ploughing upturned soil winter ploughs deeply cultivated, and ploughing depth is at 25-30 centimetre; The shallow rake of rotary tillage in spring, namely ploughs i.e. use, both having kept the satisfactory texture of lower soil to be beneficial to draining and has breathed freely, and having accomplished that again topsoil fine earth flat interest was in doing railway carriage or compartment overlay film.2 points are noted: one is that the plot more to weeds shifts to an earlier date about 10 days managements of weeds during rotary tillage in spring; Two is accomplish whole thin leveling, does not stay large soil block.Deeply plough simple rake in spring winter, keep the satisfactory texture of lower soil, accomplish that topsoil fine earth is put down, be both beneficial to the spring water draining of many times in south and breathed freely, again can the water conservation moisturizing when southern spring drought.
Three, the rational application of fertilizer
Whole layer placement of fertilizer, to meet blackcurrant pigment each phase growing nutrient needs: one is plough in the winter time when turning up soil deep ploughing by 15000Kg/ hectare application of organic fertilizers; Two is before rotary tillage in spring is raked the soil level, and after spreading fertilizer over the fields fertilizer by 30% of fertilizer amount, Rotary tillage rake is equal; Three is combine to do railway carriage or compartment, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer in dressing furrow, then earthing does railway carriage or compartment by 70% of fertilizer application amount.Holostrome balance fertilizing, meets blackcurrant pigment and respectively gives birth to growth needs, and based on application of organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizer is auxiliary, and emphasis balance is used, heavy base fertilizer application, suitably carries out foliage spray in good time.Require nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium reach per hectare 120 respectively, 75,120 kg, to acid ground, next year replenish the calcium by 400 kilograms of/hectare of limings, forbid using nitrate fertilizer.
For nurturing staff, promote the expansion of seedlings root growth, reach the object of early blossoming, early bearing, adhere to the interplanting blackcurrant pigment that the principle early executed, particularly base fertilizer are not enough or do not apply fertilizer to the subsoil that topdresses.First time, dressing time should rest in Qi Miaohou, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, boron fertilizer, use the boric acid of 0.01-0.25% or 0.1% borax, 0.1% urea, 0.01%-0.1% ammonium molybdate solution spray application.Second time is topdressed at initial bloom stage, with the boric acid of 0.01-0.25% or 0.1% borax soln, 0.01%-0.1% ammonium molybdate solution spray application.Third time topdresses and sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.2-0.3% and urea liquid 2-3 time of 0.1% in pod bearing period.
(4) seed treatment
The excellent blackcurrant pigment kind of the high-quality selecting authorization to promote, strong stress resistance, high yield.Seed should select purity to be greater than 98%, cleanliness is greater than 99%, germination rate is greater than 95%, water content lower than 13%, reticulate pattern obviously and the pod of full grains do kind of (periodic replacement).Carry out seed treatment before broadcasting, reach the effect of advance germination, volume increase in strong sprout.The seed of full grains easily bursts shell when germinateing, and causes lopsided seedling in order to avoid band shell is unearthed and affects seedling photosynthesis and form weak seedling.
Seed place metering method is as follows:
1, airing is selected: sow first about 7 days, and band shell is basked seeds 2-3 days, to alleviate damage by disease and insect, improves seed vitality.Except worm grain of preventing or cure a disease, bud grain, blighted grain before sowing, and carry out classification by seed quality, avoid producing large seedling.Reduce seed to peel off link, manual cost of peeling off and time can be saved, rob and grab favo(u)rable weather sowing.
2, soak seed: band shell seed 35-40 DEG C of water seed soaking chosen 12 hours, play sterilization, stratification, save the effect of seedling from damage.Seed soaking time is 3 times of common seed soaking time, is conducive to shell and fully absorbs water, and supplies the moisture needed for seed sprouting in time when spring drought in short-term, and meets the rotten kind of low temperature after preventing kind of benevolence from too absorbing water.
(5) trench digging does railway carriage or compartment
Open dressing furrow by 80cm distance, require ditch depth 10cm, furrow width 15-20cm.The management ditch of a dark 10cm, wide 15-20cm is opened in centre position after fertilising between fertilizer ditch and fertilizer ditch, fills and leads up dressing furrow simultaneously, and railway carriage or compartment face width remains on 60-63cm.
(6) anti-careless overlay film
Do to spray on face, railway carriage or compartment behind railway carriage or compartment and close weed killer herbicide, every mu of use 25% prometryn 50-75 gram or Acetochlor 50-70 gram, be watered 30-50 kilogram, spray requirement: one when being herbicide spraying, and operator walks railway carriage or compartment ditch, avoids pin to step on after spray medicine; Two is must spray evenly, does not stop for a long time in a place, avoids poisoning.
After herbicide spraying, covering with plastic film immediately.Peanut be bloom on the ground, the crop of geocarpic, select wide 80cm, the ultra micro film of thick 0.004--008mm, heats moisturizing good, is conducive to fruit pin and wears film and bury.Shovel one deck thin soil on both sides, railway carriage or compartment in advance, be mainly used in earthing after epiphragma.By stretching two compacting behind face, plastic film mulching railway carriage or compartment, two people one group, the real film both sides of shovel soil pressure.Requirement accomplishes that bed surface is smooth, and earthing is even, and overlay film is tight, prevents strong wind from blowing mulch film open.Mulch film has the place of breaking, and must to obturage cut with fine earth.Weed killer herbicide damage to plumule in the process moved up and down with moisture in film can be avoided with shell seed in soil, guarantee full stand.
(7) shell early sowing is with
With the important foundation that shell early sowing is blackcurrant pigment high yield, the method can increase blackcurrant pigment breeding time, plays that bloom in blackcurrant pigment limit, the advantage of Bian Xiazhen, limit result, can escape summer drought again, favourable full stand in the insemination and emergence phase; Lower pin phase of blooming escapes the dry season, has benefit to bloom, many results; Escaping the autumn ripe harvest time drenches with rain, and favourable receipts are shone, and high yield is had a good harvest.Determine concrete sowing time according to the change of local ground temperature, ground temperature reached 12 DEG C in continuous 5 days and can sow general spring.The supporting mulch film Mulching methods of band shell seeding technique, the sowing time, comparable conventional cultivation shifted to an earlier date about 20 days.Because peanut shell has the good protection effect to kind of benevolence, the impact of the factors such as bad temperature, wet, light can be resisted, reduce nutrient and water consumption, therefore comparable common ground film covers about 7 days in advance, thus increase blackcurrant pigment breeding time, bloom in performance blackcurrant pigment limit, the advantage of Bian Xiazhen, limit result, can escape summer drought again, favourable full stand in the insemination and emergence phase; Lower pin phase of blooming escapes the dry season, has benefit to bloom, many results; Escaping the autumn ripe harvest time drenches with rain, and favourable receipts are shone, and high yield is had a good harvest.
Band shell type of seeding: 1, with special-purpose punching device on face, railway carriage or compartment by row nest distance 30X15cm beat planting hole, hole size is advisable can normally emerge; 2, be sowed in hole by 2 covered peanut Seed Levels after seed soaking, sowing depth is advisable with 3 centimetres, prohibits and uprightly sows, otherwise it is slow and weak to emerge; 3, become the little high mound shape higher than face, railway carriage or compartment 3-5cm with fine earth backfill planting hole in ditch and light pressure by seed and nest film lid tight.Not prosperous owing to being with the peanut seedling in early stage of shell sowing strong, length of not moving mid-term, branch are short, and plant type is compact, therefore carries out rational close planting, and density reaches 150,000 nests/hectare.
Adopt the technology of the thick lid of upper seeding on overlay film railway carriage or compartment, along with sowing position is improved, ground temperature significantly improves favourable emerging, and rainwater can be avoided again to macerate the problem of the rotten bud of root, and there will not be the phenomenon that band shell is emerged.
Because shell can prevent weed killer herbicide to the damage of seed, seeding method after the first epiphragma therefore adopted, advantage is: do not draw film and draw seedling, save trouble between the seeding stage; Overlay film is tight, and heat moisturizing good, effect of increasing production is obvious.
Due to the good protection effect of the seed of shell, decrease dressing seed link, saved cost, decrease Pesticide-Polluted Soil amount, improve Product Safety.
(8) field management
1, seedling is put in reaming
Observe field emergence situation, to planting hole, too small or peanut seedling tiltedly can not normally be emerged, and seedling is put in timely reaming, and high temperature-proof is burnt.
2, look into seedling to fill the gaps with seedlings
Blackcurrant pigment checks situation of emerging after emerging in time, if any phenomenon of being short of seedling, sits water reseed with having urged the seed of bud.
3, clear restraining the growth of seedlings
When blackcurrant pigment seedling has all sprouted the expansion of two panels true leaf substantially, in time the two panels cotyledon be embedded in soil is cleared out, first pair of side shoot is basseted, trunk diameter growth can have been suppressed, promote fruit bearing shoot early growth and quick tiller, growth promoting effects and flower bud differentiation.
5, weeding
Carry out 3 weedings at seedling stage, group's phase, florescence, create the good suitable condition such as nutrition, illumination, moisture to blackcurrant pigment growth, reach the object that early growth and quick tiller urgees main product.
6, to water drought resisting
Blackcurrant pigment drought resistance comparatively strong (early stage water requirement less, general not pouring water also can normal growth), resistance to overhead flooding injury is poor, but drought resistance also has certain limit, present the feature of " being small at both ends and big in the middle ", floricome phase and pod bearing period, account for more than 50% of water requirement in the time of infertility.Blooming between lower pin to pod influx time, occurring wilting when continuous three day noon of blackcurrant pigment blade, water in time, every mu of irrigation amount about 30 cubes.
7, Spindling control
Generally at full-bloom stage end, i.e. Post flowering about 30 days, the plot prosperous to seedling, particularly plastic mulching plot, the mu paclobutrazol 30-40 gram of 15% is watered 50 kilograms and sprays or expire many 75(3 bag with grain) be watered 50 kilograms and spray, reach upper-controlling-lower-promoting, improve trophosome photosynthetic product and prevent from covering lodging to gonophore transhipment, keep higher and stable Efficient leaf area to improve the target of photosynthetic efficiency and increase yield.
(5) gather in the crops in good time
1, gather in the crops in good time
Blackcurrant pigment is gathered in the crops in good time, Main Basis: one is that plant upper blade turns yellow and progressively comes off, and stem branch transfers yellow green to; Two is most pod maturation, and kind benevolence is full, and seed coat presents kind and fixes color and luster, and most pod reticulate pattern is obvious; Three is that the time is generally before October.
Results too early, affect seed output and quality, gathered in the crops evening, and easily caused shedding, and not only gathered in the crops difficulty, also can increase wormed fruit, bud fruit, decayed fruit.Generally at the beginning of mid-August to 9 month, the blackcurrant pigment maturing stage gathers in the crops.During results, pick up except mulch film, avoid white pollution.
2, to select and remain breeding
First sheet choosing, the plant that growth selection is neatly in blocks; Next is selected good strains in the field for seed, and selects on basis remove diseased plant, hybrid strain, weak plant at sheet, and fertility of selecting and remain is healthy and strong, and fruit is many, full the planting of fruit; Fruit choosing again, ripe pod early of selecting and remain is planted.
3, storage is shone
Exposure to Sunlight in time after blackcurrant pigment results, raises when moisture drops to below 13% and only puts storage in storage, in order to sale, processing.
Claims (3)
1. a blackcurrant pigment band shell planting early enough method for planting, comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of land: select light grade, free of contamination plot, avoid peanut second crop soil, require that soil physical and chemical property is good, organic matter is abundant, soil layer is deep, quality is loose, draining is good, illumination is sufficient, possesses water source, transportation condition easily;
(2) plough: plough upturned soil winter and plough deeply cultivated, ploughing depth is at 25-30 centimetre; The shallow rake of rotary tillage in spring, namely plough i.e. use, the plot more to weeds shifts to an earlier date about 10 days managements of weeds;
(3) holostrome balance fertilizing: when ploughing upturned soil deep ploughing (a) winter, by 15000Kg/ hectare application of organic fertilizers; B rotary tillage in () spring is raked the soil level before, after 30% of fertilizer amount spreads fertilizer over the fields fertilizer, Rotary tillage rake is even; C () combines and does railway carriage or compartment, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer in dressing furrow, then earthing does railway carriage or compartment by 70% of fertilizer application amount;
(4) seed treatment: select that purity is greater than 98%, cleanliness be greater than 99%, germination rate is greater than 95%, water content lower than 13%, reticulate pattern obviously and the pod of full grains plant;
(5) trench digging does railway carriage or compartment: open dressing furrow by 80cm distance, ditch depth 10cm, furrow width 15-20cm, the management ditch of a dark 10cm, wide 15-20cm is opened in the centre position after fertilising between fertilizer ditch and fertilizer ditch, fill and lead up dressing furrow, railway carriage or compartment face width degree remains on 60-63cm simultaneously;
(6) anti-careless overlay film: (a) sprays and close weed killer herbicide on face, railway carriage or compartment, and every mu of use 25% prometryn 50-75 gram or Acetochlor 50-70 gram, be watered 30-50 kilogram; B, after () herbicide spraying, covering with plastic film immediately, selects the ultra micro film of wide 80cm, thick 0.004-008mm; C () shovels one deck thin soil on both sides, railway carriage or compartment in advance, for earthing after epiphragma; (d) by stretching two compacting behind face, plastic film mulching railway carriage or compartment, every two people one group, the real film both sides of shovel soil pressure, mulch film has the place of breaking, and to obturage cut with fine earth;
(7) shell sowing is with: (a) nest is apart from the standard of 30X15cm by row, and use special-purpose punching device to beat planting hole on face, railway carriage or compartment, hole size is advisable can normally emerge; B 2 covered peanut Seed Levels after seed soaking are sowed in hole by (), sowing depth is 3 centimetres, prohibit and uprightly sow; (c) with fine earth backfill planting hole Cheng little Gao mound shape in ditch, and light pressure by seed and nest film lid tight.
2. blackcurrant pigment band shell planting early enough method for planting according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described method for treating seeds comprises:
(1) sow first about 7 days, band shell is basked seeds 2-3 days, except worm grain of preventing or cure a disease, bud grain, blighted grain before sowing, and carries out classification by seed quality;
(2) band shell seed 35-40 DEG C of water seed soaking chosen 12 hours.
3. blackcurrant pigment band shell planting early enough method for planting according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described blackcurrant pigment band shell planting early enough method for planting also comprises field management way, comprises the following steps:
(1) observe field emergence situation, to planting hole, too small or peanut seedling tiltedly can not normally be emerged, and seedling is put in timely reaming;
(2) blackcurrant pigment checks situation of emerging after emerging in time, has phenomenon of being short of seedling, and sits water reseed with having urged the seed of bud;
(3) substantially all sprout at blackcurrant pigment seedling, when having two panels true leaf to launch, the two panels cotyledon be embedded in soil is cleared out, first pair of side shoot is basseted;
(4) carry out 3 weedings at seedling stage, group's phase, florescence, create the good suitable condition such as nutrition, illumination, moisture to blackcurrant pigment growth;
(5) blooming between lower pin to pod influx time, occurring wilting when continuous three day noon of blackcurrant pigment blade, water in time, every mu of irrigation amount about 30 cubes;
(6) at full-bloom stage end, the plot prosperous to seedling, particularly plastic mulching plot, the paclobutrazol 30-40 gram of every mu of use 15% is watered 50 kilograms and sprays or be watered 50 kilograms spray with completely many 75 grams of grain.
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| CN106211996A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-14 | 北海康维生态农业科技有限公司 | The implantation methods of seed-use pumpkin |
| CN108184595A (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2018-06-22 | 濮阳市农业科学院 | A kind of cultural method of high oleic acid peanut |
| CN108293730A (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2018-07-20 | 施辉勇 | A kind of implantation methods improving amount of oat yield |
| CN110692475A (en) * | 2019-11-16 | 2020-01-17 | 菏泽市农业科学院 | Cultivation method for promoting early flowering and early maturing of peanuts |
| CN111296215A (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2020-06-19 | 广东漠阳花粮油有限公司 | High-yield lodging-resistant peanut planting method |
| CN111642348A (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2020-09-11 | 青海省农林科学院 | Peanut planting and cultivating method with shell |
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| CN108184595A (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2018-06-22 | 濮阳市农业科学院 | A kind of cultural method of high oleic acid peanut |
| CN110692475A (en) * | 2019-11-16 | 2020-01-17 | 菏泽市农业科学院 | Cultivation method for promoting early flowering and early maturing of peanuts |
| CN110692475B (en) * | 2019-11-16 | 2021-07-27 | 菏泽市农业科学院 | Cultivation method for promoting early flowering and early maturing of peanuts |
| CN111296215A (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2020-06-19 | 广东漠阳花粮油有限公司 | High-yield lodging-resistant peanut planting method |
| CN111642348A (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2020-09-11 | 青海省农林科学院 | Peanut planting and cultivating method with shell |
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