CN111296215A - High-yield lodging-resistant peanut planting method - Google Patents
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- CN111296215A CN111296215A CN202010209947.9A CN202010209947A CN111296215A CN 111296215 A CN111296215 A CN 111296215A CN 202010209947 A CN202010209947 A CN 202010209947A CN 111296215 A CN111296215 A CN 111296215A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/08—Alkali metal chlorides; Alkaline earth metal chlorides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/14—Boron; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
- A01N59/20—Copper
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-yield lodging-resistant peanut planting method, which comprises the following steps: s1. the peanut seeds are pretreated by one or more of the following means: sunning seeds, soaking the seeds with inorganic compounds, scalding the seeds at high temperature, carrying out dry heat treatment, magnetizing treatment, microwave radiation treatment, low-intensity current treatment, plasma treatment, biological treatment and plant growth regulator treatment; s2, sowing in a shell-carrying mode; s3. performing field management; s4. harvesting is completed at the right time; the peanuts planted by the method have the characteristics of excellent performance, high and stable yield and lodging resistance, and can effectively solve the problem to be solved urgently in the whole society.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of peanut cultivation, in particular to a high-yield lodging-resistant peanut planting method.
Background
The food peanut has the advantages of more kernels, no hemp shell, beautiful appearance, fine kernels, crisp taste and high protein content. So far, the peanut research in China mainly aims at the oil peanuts, the oil peanut variety breeding and the matched cultivation technology are not low in performance, the food peanuts break through the variety breeding, the research on other aspects is relatively low, the cultivation technology is basically carried out by referring to the oil peanuts, the planting density, the fertilization level, the regulation and control means and the like of the cultivation technology are unreasonable places, the reasons of wide-variety thin harvest, soil hardening, serious water and soil erosion and the like are added, the number of single-kernel fruits is large, the number of shell crops is large, the excellent fruit rate is low, bacterial wilt and leaf spot are serious, the yield is low, the average yield per mu is about 200 kilograms, the economic value is difficult to exert, and the development of the food peanuts and the processing industry thereof is influenced, so the cultivation technology for researching the high-quality high-yield and stable-yield of the food peanuts is necessary.
Most of the existing peanut planting modes are performed by farmers spontaneously, the management is relatively extensive, the operation of planting density, fertilization level, plant regulation and control and the like is only performed by experience, and a plurality of unreasonable places exist, so that the wide variety and thin harvest are caused, the input-output ratio is unreasonable, the resource waste is caused, and the economic benefit is not fully shown. And the bacterial wilt is easy to be infected, the lodging resistance is poor, the field production management is relatively extensive, the planting randomness of farmers is relatively large, and the high-yield cultivation technical regulation is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-yield lodging-resistant peanut planting method, peanuts planted by the method have the characteristics of excellent performance, high yield, stable yield and lodging resistance, and can effectively solve the problem to be solved urgently in the whole society.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a high-yield lodging-resistant peanut planting method comprises the following steps:
s1. the peanut seeds are pretreated by one or more of the following means: sunning seeds, soaking the seeds with inorganic compounds, scalding the seeds at high temperature, carrying out dry heat treatment, carrying out magnetization treatment, carrying out microwave radiation treatment, carrying out low-intensity current treatment, carrying out plasma treatment, carrying out biological treatment and carrying out plant growth regulator treatment;
s2, sowing in a shell-carrying mode;
s3. performing field management;
s4. harvesting is completed at the right time.
Further, in step s1, when the sun-seeding treatment is performed, sun-seeding the shelled peanut seeds for 3-4 days, and periodically turning over the seeds;
when the inorganic compound seed soaking treatment is carried out, the peanut seeds are soaked by adopting calcium chloride, copper sulfate, borax, potassium nitrate, sodium hydroxide and/or sodium chloride;
when the dry heat treatment is carried out, firstly, the seeds are put into an electric thermostat when the temperature is adjusted to 60 ℃, the constant temperature is kept for 20min, and the seeds are taken out, namely, the dry heat treatment is completed;
when the magnetization treatment is carried out, the peanut seeds are placed in a magnetizer and shaken for 10min for magnetization treatment;
when the microwave radiation treatment is carried out, the microwave radiation dose is selected from 80-120W, and the radiation time is 8-30 s.
Further, in step s1, when the low-intensity current treatment is performed, two metal plates are installed at two ends of the rectangular insulating container as electrodes, the electrodes are connected to an alternating current power supply through a lead, a current meter and a variable resistor are connected in series in the circuit, and when the treatment is performed, seeds are placed between two electrode plates, and water is added until the seeds are immersed; the metal plate is an aluminum material polar plate with the area of 100cm, and the distance between the polar plates is 100 mm.
Further, in step s1, when performing the plasma treatment, the treatment should be performed 5 to 12 days before the determined optimal sowing time, the seeds are poured into the plasma treatment machine from the feeding funnel after being adjusted properly, and the primary treatment is completed when the seeds are received at the lower discharge port; and finishing the treatment after repeating the treatment for 2-3 times.
Further, in step s1, during the biological treatment, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus, pseudomonad, radioactive agrobacterium tumefaciens and pseudomonas are selected as the bacterial microorganisms; trichoderma and beauveria bassiana are selected as fungus microorganisms; and the microbial agent is used for soaking or dressing seeds.
Further, in step s1, gibberellin and/or triacontanol are selected for seed soaking when the plant growth regulator is treated; when the gibberellin is adopted for seed soaking, 0.3-0.4 g of gibberellin is weighed, 10 liters of clear water is added after the gibberellin is dissolved by alcohol, the mixture is uniformly stirred to prepare a gibberellin solution, before seeding, carefully selected seeds are firstly soaked in the clear water for 2-3 hours, then soaked in the gibberellin solution for 1-2 hours, and after airing, seeding is carried out;
when triacontanol is used for seed soaking, 0.1% emulsion of triacontanol is used, the concentration is adjusted to be 0.5 mg/L, 2.5 ml of 0.1% emulsion is taken from each mu of seeds, 5 liters of clear water is added, the mixture is uniformly stirred, the peanut seeds with the seed quantity used in each mu of seeds are soaked in the solution for 4 hours, and the seeds can be sown after the liquid medicine is absorbed by the seeds.
Further, in step s2, when the peanuts are sowed with the shells, 10000-12000 seedlings are left per mu, 40 kilograms/mu of base fertilizer and peanut special fertilizer are applied before sowing, the sowing depth is 3-5 centimeters, and pressing is needed after sowing.
Further, in step s3, the seedling condition should be checked in time, and seedlings should be led out to soil to reduce weak seedlings and dead seedlings, if spindly growth occurs in the full-bloom stage, chlormequat chloride with concentration of 0.1% can be sprayed; when the number of the hundred plants of aphids reaches 500, omethoate is sprayed for prevention and control.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by, but is not limited to, the following examples.
Example 1
A high-yield lodging-resistant peanut planting method comprises the following steps:
s1. seed pretreatment
The peanut seeds are pretreated by one or more of the following means: sunning seeds, soaking the seeds with inorganic compounds, scalding the seeds at high temperature, carrying out dry heat treatment, magnetizing treatment, microwave radiation treatment, low-intensity current treatment, plasma treatment, biological treatment and plant growth regulator treatment;
seed soaking treatment of inorganic compounds: the peanut seeds are soaked by adopting calcium chloride, copper sulfate, borax, potassium nitrate, sodium hydroxide and/or sodium chloride, the peanut seeds treated by adopting inorganic salt have stronger activity, for example, the activity of the peanut seeds treated by adopting 3 percent potassium nitrate is obviously increased, the germination vigor and the germination rate are obviously improved, and the growth speed of seedlings is obviously accelerated;
seed scalding: soaking the treated seeds with a little cold water, adding hot water at about 90 deg.C to make the water temperature reach 75 deg.C, and maintaining for 5min (adding hot water when the temperature is reduced). Pouring hot water while stirring rapidly to avoid scalding seeds until the water temperature is reduced to 30 ℃, and placing the seeds in a greenhouse for continuous seed soaking. The high-temperature seed scalding can rapidly soften the seed coat, increase the cracks and promote the respiration of the embryo cells. Then intermittently soaking the seeds, and the method comprises the following specific steps: the seeds are soaked for 8 hours, then the seeds are drained, the seeds are aired on gauze for 8 to 12 hours, then the seeds are soaked for 4 to 6 hours, and then the seeds are aired for 8 to 12 hours again, so that moisture slowly permeates into the seeds in the process, the influence on air permeability caused by excessive water absorption of the seeds is prevented, the requirements of the seeds on moisture and oxygen during germination can be fully met, and the air permeability is increased.
Dry heat treatment: and (3) adjusting the electric heating thermostat to 60 ℃, putting the seeds into the electric heating thermostat, keeping the constant temperature for 20min, taking out the seeds, and finishing dry heat treatment, wherein the dry heat treatment can improve the germination rate and the field seedling rate of the seeds.
Magnetization treatment: the seed magnetization technology is an advanced seed treatment technology developed in recent years, can effectively stimulate the activity of enzymes in seeds, improves the seed quality, and the magnetic field biology technology is applied to agriculture, and provides a new way for researching the yield increase cultivation of crops, so that the peanut seeds can be placed in a magnetizer and shaken for 10min for magnetization treatment in the embodiment;
microwave radiation treatment: the method has the advantages that the peanut seeds are treated by microwaves, so that the germination of the seeds can be effectively accelerated, the growth speed of seedlings is obviously accelerated, the microwave radiation dose is 80-120W, and the radiation time is 8-30 s;
low-intensity current treatment: low frequency current seed treatment is a method of treating seeds using physical factors. The method has the advantages of simple operation, low cost and remarkable yield increasing effect. The low-intensity current treatment method is that two metal plates are arranged at two ends of a rectangular insulating container to be used as electrodes, the electrodes are connected to a 22OV/5OHz alternating current power supply through leads, and a current meter and a variable resistor (used for regulating current) are connected in series in a circuit. When in treatment, the seeds are put between the two polar plates, and water is added until the seeds are immersed, the current treatment can enhance the germination vigor, improve the germination rate, promote early rooting and early seedling emergence, enhance the growth and development of plants, increase the effective ears and improve the thousand seed weight. The low-frequency current treatment of the seeds has the following effects on physiological and biochemical conditions of the seeds: 1. the permeability of the seed coat is improved; 2. enhancing the respiration of the seeds; 3. enhancing the activity of various enzymes in the seeds; 4. the biochemical action of seed tissues is accelerated; after the current is passed through the aqueous medium, the pH value of the aqueous medium tends to be reduced, which is beneficial to seed germination; 5. enhance the vitality of the seeds. In the seed low-frequency current treatment technology, variable factors include current density, treatment time, seed type, pole plate size, pole plate distance, pole plate material and the like. In this embodiment, an aluminum material electrode plate with an area of 100cm is used; the distance between the pole plates is 100 mm.
Plasma treatment: the plasma seed treatment technology is a high and new technology for treating seeds of crops by using a plasma machine before sowing so as to achieve the purpose of remarkably increasing the yield of the crops. The plasma machine can simulate partial plasma environment of outer space to form a local environment with light, electricity, magnetism and active ions, plant seeds are treated by the environment to accelerate the transformation of plant enzymes, activate the vitality of the seeds, enhance the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein, and lead the crops to germinate from the seeds to mature results, and the whole growth cycle has growth advantages, thereby increasing the yield of the crops and improving the quality of the crops.
Firstly, treating the peanut seeds by adopting plasma 5-12 days before the determined optimal sowing time. And secondly, treating the peanut seeds by adopting a plasma treating machine, pouring the seeds into a feeding hopper after the machine is adjusted properly, receiving the seeds at a lower discharge port to finish one-time treatment, generally treating for 2-3 times, and if the treatment times are reduced, the optimal effect cannot be achieved, and the yield cannot be increased when the treatment times are increased. During the period, the seeds are ensured to smoothly flow out from the discharge hole, otherwise, the effect of seed treatment is influenced by the slowing of the flow rate; if the blockage occurs, the temperature of the seeds in the machine is obviously increased, the seeds cannot be used as seeds and should be discarded in time, the seeds which are not sown according to time after treatment cannot be repeatedly treated, the effect is not achieved after treatment, and trace yield reduction can be caused.
Biological treatment: the bacterial microorganisms mainly comprise bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus, pseudoalcaligenes pseudomonad, radioactive soil agrobacterium tumefaciens, pseudomonas and the like; the fungi microorganisms mainly comprise trichoderma and beauveria bassiana; the microorganism can be used as a microbial agent for seed soaking or dressing.
Plant growth regulator: gibberellin and/or triacontanol can be selected; gibberellin can obviously increase main stems and side branches of peanuts, increase branches, obviously prolong high-node fruit needles, and improve the soil penetration rate, the setting rate and the plumpness rate of the fruit needles. Gibberellin is used in peanut fields with medium soil fertility and weak seedling conditions, the yield can be increased by 8-10% and can be increased by 15-20%. The seeds are soaked by gibberellin before sowing, the seedlings can emerge 2-3 days ahead of time, and the yield is increased by 14-19%. When soaking seeds, 0.3-0.4 g of gibberellin is weighed by using a scale, a small amount of alcohol is added for dissolution, and then 10 liters of clear water is added for even stirring. Before sowing, carefully selected seeds are firstly immersed in clear water for 2-3 hours, then soaked in the gibberellin solution for 1-2 hours, and sowed after being dried in the air.
Thirty-piece alcohol can improve the photosynthesis intensity of the peanuts, increase the amount of photosynthetic products, increase the yield of the peanuts by 15-25%, and soak seeds with the alcohol to ensure that the peanuts have quick and regular emergence, more centralized flower bud differentiation and increased effective flower amount. The seed soaking is carried out with triacontanol in 0.1% emulsion. The optimum concentration for seed soaking is 0.5 mg/L. Taking 2.5 milliliters of 0.1 percent emulsion, adding 5 liters of clear water, uniformly mixing and stirring, then immersing 12-13 kilograms (seed consumption per mu) of peanut seeds into the solution for 4 hours, and sowing after the seeds absorb the liquid medicine.
S2, sowing in a manner of a shell
The peanut with shell sowing time is about 20 days earlier than the conventional local sowing time, and if the peanut with shell sowing time is too late, the peanut with shell sowing time cannot play a role in increasing the yield. The peanut sowed with the shell has the advantages that the growth of the peanut is fast in the seedling stage, the growth of the peanut is slow in the middle and later stages, the plant is short in branches and compact in plant shape, therefore, the sowing density needs to be increased by 10% -15%, and 10000-12000 plants are remained for each mu of seedlings. Base fertilizer is applied before sowing, and the special fertilizer for peanuts is 40 kilograms per mu. Peanut with shell is sowed slowly, so it is not suitable for deep sowing, the optimum sowing depth is 3-5 cm. After sowing, the seeds are pressed down to prevent the shells from being taken out of the soil surface during seedling emergence. The shells of the seedlings which are taken out of the shells are removed in time so as not to influence the growth of the seedlings. The traditional peanut planting method needs a large amount of labor to peel peanut shells, while the seed with shells is sowed without the step of peeling, meanwhile, the seeds with shells can reduce the application amount of chemical fertilizers, the peanut shells contain nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and various trace elements, and the nutrition of the shells can meet the growth requirements in the seedling stage. The shell-sowed peanuts have light pest and disease damage, the morbidity is reduced by 20-30%, and the medicine application frequency is relatively reduced, so that the production cost is saved.
s3. performing field management
After the seedling emergence of the intensive management, the seedling condition needs to be checked in time, and the seedlings are led out to come out of the soil, so that weak seedlings and dead seedlings are reduced. And (3) promoting control combination during growth period, and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests in time. If excessive growth occurs in the full-bloom stage, chlormequat chloride with the concentration of 0.1 percent can be sprayed. In addition, when the number of the hundred aphids reaches 500, omethoate is sprayed for control.
s4. timely harvest
In the last ten days of 9 months, the peanuts are harvested mechanically and dried in the sun in time, so that frost is prevented, the pods are prevented from raining or heating, and the quality of the peanuts is guaranteed.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A high-yield lodging-resistant peanut planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1. the peanut seeds are pretreated by one or more of the following means: sunning seeds, soaking the seeds with inorganic compounds, scalding the seeds at high temperature, carrying out dry heat treatment, magnetizing treatment, microwave radiation treatment, low-intensity current treatment, plasma treatment, biological treatment and plant growth regulator treatment;
s2, sowing in a shell-carrying mode;
s3. performing field management;
s4. harvesting is completed at the right time.
2. The method of planting high yield lodging resistant peanuts as recited in claim 1, wherein: in step s1, when the sun seeds are treated, sun seeds of the shelled peanuts are planted for 3-4 days, and the seeds are turned over periodically;
when the inorganic compound seed soaking treatment is carried out, the peanut seeds are soaked by adopting calcium chloride, copper sulfate, borax, potassium nitrate, sodium hydroxide and/or sodium chloride;
when the dry heat treatment is carried out, firstly, the electric heating thermostat is adjusted to 60 ℃, seeds are put in, the constant temperature is kept for 20min, and the seeds are taken out, so that the dry heat treatment is completed;
when the magnetization treatment is carried out, the peanut seeds are placed in a magnetizer and shaken for 10min for magnetization treatment;
when the microwave radiation treatment is carried out, the microwave radiation dose is selected from 80-120W, and the radiation time is 8-30 s.
3. The method of planting high yield lodging resistant peanuts as recited in claim 1, wherein: in step s1, when the low-intensity current treatment is performed, two metal plates are arranged at two ends of a rectangular insulating container to be used as electrodes, the electrodes are connected to an alternating current power supply through a lead, a current meter and a variable resistor are connected in series in a circuit, and when the treatment is performed, seeds are placed between two polar plates, and water is added until the seeds are immersed; the metal plate is an aluminum material polar plate with the area of 100cm, and the distance between the polar plates is 100 mm.
4. The method of planting high yield lodging resistant peanuts as recited in claim 1, wherein: in step s1, when the plasma treatment is performed, the treatment is performed 5-12 days before the determined optimal sowing time, the seeds are poured into the plasma treatment machine from the feeding funnel after the plasma treatment machine is adjusted properly, and the primary treatment is completed when the seeds are received at the lower discharge port; and finishing the treatment after repeating the treatment for 2-3 times.
5. The method of planting high yield lodging resistant peanuts as recited in claim 1, wherein: in step s1, during the biological treatment, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus, pseudoalcaligenes pseudomonad, radioactive soil agrobacterium and pseudomonas are selected as bacteria microorganisms; trichoderma and beauveria bassiana are selected as fungus microorganisms; and the microbial agent is used for soaking or dressing seeds.
6. The method of planting high yield lodging resistant peanuts as recited in claim 2, wherein: in step s1, when the plant growth regulator is treated, gibberellin and/or triacontanol are selected for seed soaking; when the gibberellin is adopted for seed soaking, 0.3-0.4 g of gibberellin is weighed, 10 liters of clear water is added after the gibberellin is dissolved by alcohol, the mixture is uniformly stirred to prepare a gibberellin solution, before seeding, carefully selected seeds are firstly soaked in the clear water for 2-3 hours, then soaked in the gibberellin solution for 1-2 hours, and after airing, seeding is carried out;
when triacontanol is used for seed soaking, 0.1% emulsion of triacontanol is used, the concentration is adjusted to be 0.5 mg/L, 2.5 ml of 0.1% emulsion is taken from each mu of seeds, 5 liters of clear water is added, the mixture is uniformly stirred, the peanut seeds with the seed quantity used in each mu of seeds are soaked in the solution for 4 hours, and the seeds can be sown after the liquid medicine is absorbed by the seeds.
7. The method of planting high yield lodging resistant peanuts as recited in claim 1, wherein: in step s2, when the peanuts are sowed with the shells, 10000-12000 seedlings are left per mu, base fertilizer and peanut special fertilizer are applied to the peanuts before sowing, the sowing depth is 3-5 cm, and pressing is needed after sowing.
8. The method of planting high yield lodging resistant peanuts as recited in claim 1, wherein: in step s3, the seedling condition should be checked in time, seedlings are guided out to come out of the soil to reduce weak seedlings and dead seedlings, and if spindly growth occurs in the full-bloom stage, chlormequat chloride with the concentration of 0.1% can be sprayed; when the number of the hundred plants of aphids reaches 500, omethoate is sprayed for prevention and control.
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Application publication date: 20200619 |