CN113179894B - Rapid seedling growing method for paris polyphylla seeds - Google Patents
Rapid seedling growing method for paris polyphylla seeds Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid seedling method of Paris polyphylla seeds, which comprises the following steps: naturally peeling off the testa; naturally completing the after-ripening of the seed embryo; soaking seeds in 40% sulfuric acid or 35 deg.C warm water to soften seed coat and promote germination of radicle and embryo; cultivating rhizoma paridis in the seedling bed for seedling culture, which is favorable for seed germination, formation of endophyte of seedling and robust growth of seedling; according to the seedling raising method, the harvested seeds are directly sowed in the seedling raising bed, so that the exopleura can be naturally removed, the after-ripening of the embryo of the seeds can be completed, and the germination of the embryo can be effectively promoted through seed soaking treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seed seedling culture, in particular to a rapid seedling culture method for paris polyphylla seeds.
Background
The Paris polyphylla recorded in pharmacopoeia of the people's republic of China is the dry rhizome of Paris polyphylla Smith var.yunnanensis (Franch.) hand-Mazz. And Paris polyphylla Smith var.chinensis Hara, is clinically used for treating functional uterine bleeding, traumatic injury, snake and insect bite, scrofula, osteomyelitis, neurodermatitis, carbuncle, pulmonary tuberculosis and chronic cough, surgical inflammation and tumor, has obvious curative effect, and is one of the main raw materials of famous Chinese patent medicines such as Yunnan white drug, antiviral medicinal granules, qudesheng tablets, gongxuening and heat toxin clearing. With the further research, the medicinal value of the paris polyphylla is more and more emphasized by people, the application range is continuously expanded, and the market demand is larger and larger.
For a long time, people depend on wild resources for utilizing the paris polyphylla, and the natural reproductive capacity of the paris polyphylla is poor and the growth period is long due to long-term excessive digging, and the wild resources are nearly exhausted. The artificial seedling raising of rhizoma paridis includes three methods of rhizome cutting seedling raising, tissue culture, seed seedling raising and the like. The cutting propagation of the rhizome is adopted, although the method is simple and easy to implement, the seedling emergence period is short, but the consumption of the rhizome is large, so that the contradiction between the cultivation seeds and the medicinal raw materials is aggravated, in addition, the cut rhizome is easy to infect, mildew and rot, the loss rate is high, the propagation coefficient is low, the seedling emergence is irregular, the management is inconvenient, the planting cost is high, and the germplasm degradation and the stress resistance are reduced after the method is used for a long time. The tissue culture seedling raising of the paris polyphylla is reported, but the tissue culture seedling raising of the paris polyphylla does not meet the requirements of low cost and large-scale seedling raising. However, each fruit of Paris polyphylla has tens of seeds, and more seeds can reach 200, and the seed propagation coefficient is large, so that the method is a main seedling raising method. However, the paris polyphylla seeds have the physiological characteristics of secondary dormancy (embryo after-ripening dormancy and epicotyl dormancy), can germinate in 1 year and a half time under natural conditions, and have the emergence rate of only about 10 percent, long emergence time and low emergence rate. Therefore, how to shorten the seedling raising period of the seeds and improve the emergence rate of the seeds is a problem to be solved urgently in the industrialization of the paris polyphylla.
The seedling raising technology of paris polyphylla has been applied for by dozens of patents, and the seedling raising technology is relatively mature. However, the paris polyphylla is only suitable for being planted in mountains with the elevation of 1500-3000 m in Yunnan, sichuan and Guizhou provinces, and some paris polyphylla seedlings are purchased from Yunnan in a network way and tested in local mountainous areas with the elevation of 800-900 m, and the seedlings die after two months. The Paris polyphylla is suitable for being planted in mountainous areas of a plurality of provinces with the elevation of 300-1000 m. Therefore, only Paris polyphylla can be planted to plant Paris polyphylla medicinal materials at low altitude, and a large amount of Paris polyphylla seedlings are needed.
By consulting the Chinese and foreign patent databases, the patent application items about the seed seedling raising of the Paris polyphylla are as follows: the three-stage propagation technology of paris polyphylla and paris polyphylla seedlings (application number 201510661105.6), the shelling and seedling emergence method of paris polyphylla (application number 201510114314.9), the germination method of paris polyphylla seeds (application number 201610739665.3), the high-efficiency seedling raising method of paris polyphylla (application number 201710496075.7), the quick propagation method of paris polyphylla seeds (application number 201710596848.9), the method for quickly breaking the dormancy of embryonic axes on paris polyphylla (application number 201810572209.3), the sand storage of paris polyphylla seeds, the temperature-changing and medicament treatment germination accelerating method (application number 202010800724. X) and the like are 7 items. The said technology adopts direct scrubbing with water to eliminate testa, and the seed is first treated through lamination, ultrasonic treatment, low temperature and temperature varying treatment, peeling to eliminate partial testa, enzyme treatment, etc. Although the methods can shorten the time of emergence of the seeds of the Paris polyphylla and improve the emergence rate, the methods also have the problems of complicated operation, more manpower requirement, higher cost, easy mildew or rot of the seeds in the treatment process, weak growth vigor of the seedlings and the like. Therefore, it is very necessary to find a Paris polyphylla seed seedling raising technology which is simple and convenient to operate, has lower cost and can promote the growth of seedlings.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rapid seedling raising method for Paris polyphylla seeds, which is simple to operate and low in seedling raising cost, and can shorten the seedling raising period and improve the rate of emergence.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:
the invention provides a method for quickly growing seedlings of paris polyphylla seeds, which comprises the following steps:
(a) Land selection and land preparation:
selecting a land block or loose fertile land on which the rhizome of the Paris polyphylla is harvested, removing weeds, turning over the land by 20-25 cm, applying 1000-1200 Kg of thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure per mu, uniformly mixing the thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure into the soil when the land block is dug into a fine soil block, and finishing the land into a seedbed block;
(b) Seed collection and sowing:
after capsules of the Paris polyphylla are cracked, collecting mature seeds of the Paris polyphylla and sowing the seeds on a seedbed, then covering humus soil, covering a sunshade net and watering thoroughly;
(c) Softening the seed coat:
taking out the seeds of the Paris polyphylla on a seedbed, removing the residual testa on the seeds of the Paris polyphylla, and soaking the seeds;
(d) Accelerating germination:
paving a layer of fine river sand in the germination accelerating seedling raising tray, and then scattering the soaked seeds of the paris polyphylla on the surface of the fine river sand and covering the fine river sand with the fine river sand; placing the germination accelerating seedling raising tray in a climatic box for accelerating germination under the dark condition; the circulating temperature and time of the climatic box are 25 ℃, 12h,10 ℃, 12h, and the air humidity is 45-55 percent; and the water content of the fine river sand in the germination accelerating seedling raising tray is kept between 30 and 40 percent during the germination accelerating period;
(e) Seedling in a seedbed:
after the germination is accelerated until the radicle grows to 0.8-1.2 cm, the seeds of the paris polyphylla are scattered on the seedbed and covered with humus, then the seeds are watered thoroughly and covered with rice straws, and then the rhizomes of the paris polyphylla growing for more than 5 years are planted in the seedbed.
Preferably, in the step (c), the seed soaking treatment comprises soaking the seeds of the paris polyphylla in a sulfuric acid solution for 1.5 to 2.5 hours; or soaking rhizoma paridis seed in 35 deg.C warm water in a constant temperature incubator for 2 days.
Preferably, the concentration of the sulfuric acid solution is 35-45%.
Preferably, step (e) further comprises: after the rhizome of the paris polyphylla growing for more than 5 years is planted, the carbendazim is sprayed and a mulching film is covered.
Preferably, the seedling raising method further comprises seedling stage management;
the seedling management comprises the following steps:
when the temperature is stable to be over 22 ℃, uncovering the mulching film and covering the sunshade net, uncovering the straws after the paris polyphylla germs germinate to grow a small leaf, and keeping the soil humidity to be 35-45%; the shading rate of the shading net is 70-80 percent; spraying carbendazim once a month. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that at least:
according to the seedling raising method, the harvested seeds are directly sowed in the seedling raising bed, so that the episperm can be naturally removed, the after-ripening of the embryo of the seeds can be completed, and the germination of the embryo can be effectively promoted through seed soaking treatment.
In the seedling raising method, more than 5 years of paris polyphylla is planted in the seedbed in the seedling raising stage, so that the formation of endophytes in seedlings can be promoted, and the germination of paris polyphylla seeds and the growth and development of the seedlings are effectively promoted, and the problems of mildew or rot and weak seedling growth are avoided.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the following embodiments. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and therefore are only used as examples, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
It is to be noted that, unless otherwise specified, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.
Example 1
The implementation provides a rapid seedling raising method for paris polyphylla seeds, which comprises the following steps:
(a) Land selection and preparation:
selecting loose fertile land, removing weeds, turning over the land for 20cm, applying 1000Kg of thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure per mu, uniformly mixing the thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure into the soil when the soil is beaten into fine soil blocks, and then finishing the land into a seedbed in blocks;
(b) Seed collection and sowing:
in the last 10 th to the last 11 th days, after the capsules of the Paris polyphylla are cracked, collecting mature seeds of the Paris polyphylla and sowing the seeds on a seedbed, then covering humus soil of 0.8cm, covering a sunshade net and watering thoroughly;
(c) Softening the seed coat:
taking out the seeds of the Paris polyphylla on a seedbed in 3-month late year, slightly scrubbing the seeds with clear water to remove the testa of the Paris polyphylla seeds, and soaking the Paris polyphylla seeds in 35% sulfuric acid solution for 2.5h;
(d) Accelerating germination:
a layer of fine river sand with the thickness of 2cm is paved in the germination accelerating seedling raising tray, and then the seed soaked rhizoma paridis seeds are scattered on the surface (with the thickness of 0.8-1.2 cm) of the fine river sand and covered with a layer of fine river sand with the thickness of 2 cm; placing the germination accelerating seedling raising tray in a climatic box for accelerating germination, wherein the circulating temperature and time of the climatic box are 25 ℃, 12h,10 ℃, 12h, and the air humidity is 45%; and the water content of the fine river sand in the germination accelerating seedling raising tray is kept to be 30-40% during the germination accelerating period;
(e) Seedling in a seedbed:
after germination, spreading Paris polyphylla seed on seedbed and covering with humus soil of 1cm thickness, watering and covering with rice straw, and then planting at a ratio of 10 plants/m 2 The planting density of the method is that the rhizome of the Paris polyphylla which grows for more than 5 years is planted in a seedbed, and then the carbendazim is sprayed and covered with a mulching film;
(f) Seedling stage management:
when the temperature is stable to be over 22 ℃, uncovering a mulching film and a sunshade net with a shading rate of 70 percent, uncovering straws after paris polyphylla germs germinate to grow a small leaf, and keeping the soil humidity to be 35 to 45 percent; spraying carbendazim once a month.
Example 2
The implementation provides a rapid seedling raising method for paris polyphylla seeds, which comprises the following steps:
(a) Land selection and preparation:
selecting a land block where rhizomes of paris polyphylla are harvested, removing weeds, turning over the land by 25cm, applying 1200Kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu, uniformly mixing the decomposed farmyard manure into soil when the soil block is thinned, and finishing the land into a seedbed block;
(b) Seed collection and sowing:
in the last 10 th to the last 11 th days, after the capsules of the Paris polyphylla are cracked, collecting mature seeds of the Paris polyphylla and sowing the seeds on a seedbed, then covering humus soil of 1.5cm, covering a sunshade net and watering thoroughly;
(c) Softening the seed coat:
taking out the seeds of the Paris polyphylla on the seedbed in the last 3 th ten days of the next year, gently scrubbing the seeds with clear water to remove the testa of the seeds of the Paris polyphylla, and soaking the seeds of the Paris polyphylla in warm water at 35 ℃ for 24 hours;
(d) Accelerating germination:
a layer of fine river sand with the thickness of 3cm is paved in the germination accelerating seedling raising tray, and then the seed soaked rhizoma paridis seeds are scattered on the surface (with the thickness of 0.8-1.2 cm) of the fine river sand and covered with a layer of fine river sand with the thickness of 3 cm; the germination accelerating seedling raising plate is placed in a climatic box for accelerating germination, the circulating temperature and the circulating time of the climatic box are 25 ℃, 12h,10 ℃ and 12h, and the air humidity is 55 percent; and the water content of the fine river sand in the germination accelerating seedling-raising tray is kept to be 30-40% in the germination accelerating period;
(e) Seedling in a seedbed:
after the germination is finished, the seeds of Paris polyphylla are scattered on a seedbed and covered with humus soil with the thickness of 1.5cm, then the seeds are watered thoroughly and covered with straws, and then the seeds are planted according to the ratio of 6 plants/m 2 The planting density of the method is that the rhizome of the Paris polyphylla which grows for more than 5 years is planted in a seedbed, and then the carbendazim is sprayed and covered with a mulching film;
(f) Seedling stage management:
when the temperature is stable to be over 22 ℃, uncovering a mulching film and a sunshade net with a shading rate of 80 percent, uncovering straws after paris polyphylla germs germinate to grow a small leaf, and keeping the soil humidity to be 35 to 45 percent; spraying carbendazim once a month.
Example 3
The implementation provides a rapid seedling raising method for paris polyphylla seeds, which comprises the following steps:
(a) Land selection and preparation:
selecting a land block where rhizomes of paris polyphylla are harvested, removing weeds, turning the land for 22cm, applying 1000Kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu, uniformly mixing the decomposed farmyard manure into soil when the soil block is thinned, and finishing the land into a seedbed block;
(b) Seed collection and sowing:
in the last 10 th to the last 11 th days, after the capsules of the Paris polyphylla are cracked, collecting mature seeds of the Paris polyphylla and sowing the seeds on a seedbed, then covering humus soil of 1cm, covering a sunshade net and watering thoroughly;
(c) Softening the seed coat:
taking out the seeds of the Paris polyphylla on the seedbed in the last 3 th ten days of the next year, slightly rubbing and washing with clear water to remove the testa of the seeds of the Paris polyphylla, soaking the seeds of the Paris polyphylla in 40% sulfuric acid solution for 2 hours, and washing away residual sulfuric acid solution with clear water;
(d) Accelerating germination:
laying a layer of fine river sand with the thickness of 2cm in a germination accelerating seedling raising tray, scattering the soaked paris polyphylla seeds on the surface of the fine river sand (the thickness is about 0.8-1.2 cm) and covering a layer of fine river sand with the thickness of 2 cm; placing the germination accelerating seedling raising tray in a climatic box for accelerating germination, wherein the circulating temperature and time of the climatic box are 25 ℃, 12h,10 ℃, 12h, and the air humidity is 50%; and the water content of the fine river sand in the germination accelerating seedling-raising tray is kept to be 30-40% in the germination accelerating period;
(e) Seedling in a seedbed:
after germination, spreading Paris polyphylla seed on seedbed and covering with humus soil of 1cm thickness, watering and covering with rice straw, and then sowing at a ratio of 9 plants/m 2 The planting density of the method is that the rhizome of the Paris polyphylla which grows for more than 5 years is planted in a seedbed, and then the carbendazim is sprayed and covered with a mulching film;
(f) Seedling stage management:
when the temperature is stable to be over 22 ℃, uncovering a mulching film and covering a sunshade net with a shading rate of 75 percent, uncovering straws after paris polyphylla germs germinate to grow a small leaf, and keeping the soil humidity to be 35 to 45 percent; spraying carbendazim once a month.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example is a method for quickly growing seedlings of paris polyphylla seeds, which is basically the same as the method for growing seedlings in example 3, and is different only in that paris polyphylla rhizomes growing for more than 5 years are not planted in a seedbed in the step (e).
Comparative example 2
The comparative example is a method for rapidly growing seedlings of paris polyphylla seeds, which is basically the same as the method for growing seedlings in example 3 except that the seed soaking treatment with a sulfuric acid solution is not performed in step (c).
Comparative example 3
The comparative example is a method for quickly growing seedlings of paris polyphylla seeds, and the difference between the method for growing seedlings and the method for growing seedlings in the example 3 is as follows: seed coat softening treatment and germination accelerating treatment are not carried out on the paris polyphylla seeds, the rhizome of the paris polyphylla is not planted in the seedbed, and the rest steps are the same;
the specific seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
(a) Land selection and preparation:
selecting a land block where rhizomes of paris polyphylla are harvested, removing weeds, turning the land for 22cm, applying 1000Kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu, uniformly mixing the decomposed farmyard manure into soil when the soil block is thinned, and finishing the land into a seedbed block;
(b) Seed collection and sowing:
in the last 10 to the last 11 months, after the capsules of the Paris polyphylla crack, collecting mature seeds of the Paris polyphylla;
(c) Seedling in a seedbed:
scattering seeds of Paris polyphylla in a seedbed, covering humus soil with the thickness of 1cm, watering thoroughly, covering straws, spraying carbendazim and covering a mulching film;
(d) Seedling stage management:
when the temperature is stable to be over 22 ℃, uncovering a mulching film and a sunshade net with a shading rate of 75 percent, uncovering straws after paris polyphylla germs germinate to grow a small leaf, and keeping the soil humidity to be 35 to 45 percent; spraying carbendazim once a month.
Examples of the experiments
In the same plot, 8 lands are averagely divided and marked as lands 1 to 8, wherein the lands 1 to 4 and the lands 5 to 8 are respectively and sequentially cultivated according to the seedling cultivating method in the embodiment 3 and the seedling cultivating methods in the comparative examples 1 to 3, and the other steps are the same (including seed source harvesting, time and the like) except the seedling cultivating methods;
after paris polyphylla germs germinate to grow one leaflet, respectively counting the emergence time and the emergence rate of each land, calculating the average value of the emergence rates of each seedling method, and calculating the calculation result as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 time and rate of emergence for different seedling raising methods
As can be seen from Table 1:
according to the embodiment of the invention, through the selection of a specific seedling raising method, the germination and emergence of the seeds of the Paris polyphylla can be promoted, the emergence time is obviously shortened, the emergence time is shortened by 1 year compared with the natural emergence time, and the emergence rate is far higher than the natural emergence rate.
According to the seedling raising method, the harvested seeds are directly sown into the seedling raising bed, so that the episperm can be naturally removed, the after-ripening of the embryo of the seeds can be completed, and the germination of the embryo can be effectively promoted through seed soaking treatment.
According to the seedling raising method, more than 5 years of rhizoma paridis is planted in the seedbed in the seedling raising stage, so that the formation of endophytes in seedlings can be promoted, and the germination of seeds and the growth and development of the seedlings of the rhizoma paridis can be effectively promoted, so that the problems of mildew or rot and weak seedling vigor can be avoided.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should be construed as being covered by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A method for quickly growing seedlings of Paris polyphylla seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) Land selection and land preparation:
selecting a land block or loose fertile land where the rhizome of paris polyphylla is harvested, removing weeds, turning the land for 20-25 cm, applying 1000-1200 Kg of decomposed farmyard manure to each mu of land, uniformly mixing the decomposed farmyard manure into the soil when the land block is dug into a fine soil block, and finishing the land into a seedbed;
(b) Seed collection and sowing:
after capsules of the Paris polyphylla are cracked, collecting mature seeds of the Paris polyphylla and sowing the seeds on a seedbed, then covering humus soil, covering a sunshade net and watering thoroughly;
(c) Softening the seed coat:
taking out the seeds of the Paris polyphylla on a seedbed, removing the residual testa on the seeds of the Paris polyphylla, and then performing seed soaking treatment;
(d) Accelerating germination:
paving a layer of fine river sand in the germination accelerating seedling raising tray, and then scattering the soaked paris polyphylla seeds on the surface of the fine river sand and covering the fine river sand with the fine river sand; placing the germination accelerating seedling raising tray in a climatic box for accelerating germination under the dark condition; the circulating temperature and time of the climatic box are 25 ℃, 12h,10 ℃ and 12h, and the air humidity is 45-55%; and the water content of the fine river sand in the germination accelerating seedling-raising tray is kept to be 30% -40% in the germination accelerating period;
(e) Seedling in a seedbed:
when the radicle grows to 0.8-1.2cm after germination accelerating, scattering the paris polyphylla seeds on a seedbed and covering humus soil, watering thoroughly and covering straws, and then planting paris polyphylla rhizomes growing for more than 5 years in the seedbed;
in the step (c), the seed soaking treatment comprises the steps of soaking rhizoma paridis seeds in a sulfuric acid solution for 1.5 to 2.5 hours; or soaking rhizoma paridis seed in 35 deg.C warm water in a constant temperature incubator for 2 days.
2. A method for raising seedlings according to claim 1 wherein the concentration of the sulfuric acid solution is 35% to 45%.
3. A method for growing seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the step (e), further comprising: after the rhizome of the paris polyphylla growing for more than 5 years is planted, the carbendazim is sprayed and a mulching film is covered.
4. A seedling raising method according to claim 3, characterized in that the seedling raising method further comprises seedling stage management;
the seedling management comprises the following steps:
when the temperature is stable to be over 22 ℃, uncovering the mulching film and covering the sunshade net, uncovering the straws after the paris polyphylla embryo germinates to grow a small leaf, and keeping the soil humidity to be 35-45%; the shading rate of the shading net is 70% -80%; spraying carbendazim once a month.
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| 云南重楼种苗繁育技术;陈翠等;《中国现代中药》;20100216(第02期);第23-24、28页 * |
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| 重楼种子育苗技术研究;姜丽琼等;《四川林业科技》;20201015(第05期);第81-85页 * |
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