CN104969764B - A kind of method of sweet photo seed fast seedling growing - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for quickly sowing and raising seedlings of sweet potato seeds. The raw seeds are treated with concentrated sulfuric acid for 30 minutes, rinsed with clear water, and then directly sown in the substrate. May fall off naturally. Daily management uses micro-spray watering to control temperature and humidity. The method for sowing and raising seedlings of sweet potato seeds provided by the invention simplifies the seedling raising process, saves a lot of manpower, and improves the emergence time of sweet potato seeds. In addition, the combined use of plastic film and micro-spray irrigation also solves the problem of manually removing the seed coat after the emergence of sweet potato seeds, which not only saves manpower, but also greatly improves the seedling rate of sweet potato seeds. Through experiments and statistics, the average seed germination rate of sweet potato hybrid combination is above 85%, and the survival rate of seedlings is above 99%, which can fully meet the requirements of sweet potato seedling planting and new variety breeding.

Description

A method for rapid seedling cultivation of sweet potato seeds

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of crop breeding, in particular to the field of simple and efficient rapid seedling cultivation of sweet potato seeds.

Background technique

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) is an important food, feed, industrial raw material and new energy crop in the world. It is widely cultivated in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions such as Asia, Africa and Latin America. Sweet potato ranks seventh in the world's food production. In my country's grain production, it ranks fourth after rice, wheat and corn, and has important economic value and strategic position. At present, the annual planting area of sweet potato in China is 5-6×10 ⁶ hm ² , accounting for about 50% of the world's total area, and the annual total output accounts for more than 80% of the world's total output.

Hybrid breeding is the main way of breeding new varieties of sweet potato. The sweet potato seed obtained by hybridization is the true seed of sweet potato flowering and fruiting. It is called seed seed, which has the anatomical structure and characteristic characteristics of typical seeds, and is different from the sweet potato production and utilization. Sweet Potato Seeds. The seeds referred to in production are actually the tubers of sweet potatoes, which can be asexually propagated by cuttings of sweet potatoes for field production. Since the sweet potato is a highly heterozygous hexaploid, the traits of the hybrid progeny are severely segregated, making the efficiency of new variety breeding relatively low, and a large number of seed seeds need to be sown every year. How to easily and efficiently cultivate sweet potato seeds and seedlings is one of the key issues that urgently need to be solved in variety breeding.

At present, there is no report on the method of raising seedlings of sweet potato seeds. There are few reports on the treatment of sweet potato seed sowing.

Contents of the invention

Purpose of the invention: to cultivate sweet potato seeds and seedlings easily and efficiently.

The usual practice of cultivating sweet potato seedlings requires multiple steps, followed by seed selection, seed coat breaking, surface disinfection, germination, seedling cultivation, growth management, seedling cutting, cuttings, etc. The process is cumbersome, time-consuming and labor-intensive. The general seed selection step is to float the shriveled seeds of the upper layer with clear water and dry them for later use. The purpose of this step is to increase the germination rate. Because shriveled seeds may be damaged by insects or underdeveloped, the germination rate is less than 10%. The step of breaking the seed coat is mainly aimed at the characteristics of the sweet potato seed. The cuticle of the sweet potato seed coat is thick and hard, and a waxy layer is attached to the seed coat to make it impermeable and airtight, which has a mechanical resistance to the embryo. The sweet potato seed can be stored for up to 10 days under certain temperature and humidity conditions. 21 years (A. Jonos etc. 1982 published in HortScience article longevity of stored seed of sweet-potato). Therefore, sweet potato seeds have a hard seed coat that delays water absorption, and the seed coat must be scratched mechanically or chemically to accelerate seed germination. In order to accelerate germination, the method of manually cutting the seed coat is generally used, which is not only labor-intensive and time-consuming, but also destroys the embryo and reduces the emergence rate. In 1937, steinbauer published the paper Methods of scarifying sweet potato seed and proposed that the seeds be immersed in concentrated sulfuric acid for 30-45 minutes, then rinsed with clear water and sowed. In 1985, Shen Jiaqing used this method to report that the emergence rate of sweet potato seeds was only 10%-15%. Huang Hongcheng reported in 2003 that concentrated sulfuric acid was treated for 20-40 minutes, and the emergence rate of sweet potato seeds reached 95%. From the author's use of concentrated sulfuric acid, 30 minutes of treatment can fully meet the needs of sowing a large number of seeds. In the subsequent drug soaking and germination steps, in order to prevent bacterial and fungal diseases, generally soak the seeds with 500 times thiophanate-methyl for 5 minutes and then germinate, that is, cover the wet gauze in the incubator at 25°C overnight, and sow when the seeds are white, because after germination During the germination period, the seeds have high requirements on humidity and air permeability. If the number of seeds is too large, if the sowing is not timely, the radicle is too long and easy to break, which will affect the germination rate. Subsequent planting caused trouble. Generally, plastic film should not be covered for germination sowing to prevent root rot from excessive humidity and temperature. Air humidity is not easy to control without plastic film. It is labor-intensive and time-consuming to remove the seed coat in time, and it is also particularly easy to damage the seedlings. The invention uses concentrated sulfuric acid instead of artificially breaking seed coats, omits the steps of drug soaking and accelerating germination, and directly sows and covers with plastic film, so that seedlings emerge early, neatly, have a high emergence rate, and save labor and time. In the growth stage of seedlings, micro-spraying is used instead of manual watering, no top dressing is required, and seedlings can be cut and cut within 40 days.

Beneficial effect:

1) Any location for raising seedlings. Any greenhouses, greenhouses, or field sheds that can manually control the temperature and humidity are acceptable.

2) The ratio of seedling-raising substrates is reasonable, fully meeting the needs of sweet potato seedlings. 3cm vermiculite or substrate can be directly laid on the flat land of the field or greenhouse; the substrate seedling tray that can be moved freely can also be used; the vermiculite and substrate can be recycled and reused after use. According to the sowing characteristics of sweet potato seeds and the growth needs of seedlings, the substrate used is vermiculite: quartz sand: peat soil = 1:1:2, 2kg/ ^m3 diammonium phosphate, 2kg/ ^m3 decomposed chicken manure mixed evenly. The characteristic of this nutrient matrix formula is that it is economical and practical. It combines the softness, air permeability and water retention performance of vermiculite and the advantages of peat rich in organic matter. The nutrients contained in the matrix basically meet the nutritional needs of sweet potato seedlings at the seedling stage. , no need for late topdressing. Spray with 1000 times carbendazim before use.

3) Seed soaking in concentrated sulfuric acid saves time and effort. Concentrated sulfuric acid treatment for 30 minutes, the germination rate reaches more than 96%. Manually cutting and engraving the seed coat is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also destroys the embryo, and the emergence rate is only about 80%.

4), no seed disinfection step is required. After the seeds treated with concentrated sulfuric acid are washed, they can be sown in the treated seedbed or substrate.

5), reduce the seed germination step. The sowing operation of direct seeding is simple, and also reduces the mechanical damage of sowing germination seeds; when the germination is sown, if the temperature and humidity are not well controlled, root rot will occur, which will affect the germination rate. In severe cases, the germination rate is 0, and the risk of seedling cultivation is extremely high. The direct seeding seed is covered with film under the condition of 90% humidity, the temperature is 20-30 degrees, about 70% of the germination is removed and the film is removed, there will be no root rot, and the germination rate is above 95%.

6) Rapid germination. After watering the substrate thoroughly, cover it with plastic film, keep the temperature in the range of 25-40°C, and germinate and remove the plastic film in 3 days. The emergence time is short, the germination is neat, and the emergence rate is high.

7) Eliminate the manual work of removing the seed coat, and the emergence of seedlings is neat. Covered with plastic film to keep heat and keep moisture, the seed coat will fall off naturally when the seeds germinate, and the cotyledons will unfold naturally, and the seedlings will emerge neatly, with a high emergence rate; Seedling.

8), daily management is simple. Use simple sprinkler irrigation equipment to adjust humidity, solar energy greenhouses pay attention to ventilation and shade cooling, and arch sheds pay attention to ventilation and cooling. No top dressing required. After 40 days, the seedlings can be directly cut and planted in the field.

detailed description

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with examples.

Example 1:

Combination of 20 different parents and offspring of the spare sweet potato seeds in the refrigerator in this implementation, a total of 32000 seeds, packed in seed bags, immersed in 500ml concentrated sulfuric acid in a 2L large beaker, about 10000 grains at a time, and put out the seed bags after 30min. Rinse with clean water, dry slightly, sow in the nutrient bowl substrate in this implementation, 1 seed per hole, lightly press 1mm, cover with vermiculite and scrape it flat, water thoroughly, cover with plastic film, and keep the temperature in the greenhouse at 25-40°C for 3 days Remove the mulch, spray to maintain humidity, and the seed coat will fall off naturally. The daily management is spraying and watering once in the morning, paying attention to shading at noon, the cotyledons are fully expanded on the 4th day, the true leaves are drawn out in 2 weeks, the plant height is 20cm in 40 days, 10-12 true leaves, and the cut seedlings are cut into the field. The statistical seedling rate is 69%-96%, with an average of 85%.

Example 2:

Compare the germination rate with the peeling method of the spare sweet potato seeds in the refrigerator and the artificial shearing method in this implementation. The plump seeds of the offspring of Xushu 27 were selected. One group was cut with nail scissors to break the seed coat, and the other group was treated with concentrated sulfuric acid for 30 minutes and then washed with water. Each 100 capsules, 3 repetitions. Sow seeds according to this method, and count the germination rate after 3 days. The germination rates of the two groups were 86% and 98%, respectively. Manually cut the seed coat, and if one skilled worker handles 1,000 seeds without stopping for 8 hours, it will take 10 skilled workers 3-4 days to complete the annual sowing of 30,000-40,000 seeds. Seed soaking in concentrated sulfuric acid only needs one worker and can be completed in half a day. Manually cutting and engraving the seed coat is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also destroys the embryo and reduces the emergence rate.

Example 3:

The seedling raising method of the sweet potato seed in this implementation is compared with the germination raising seedling rate. Select the plump seeds of Xushu 27 descendants, and after breaking the skin, put one group in a biochemical incubator at 28 degrees, soak for 1 hour, filter out the water, cover with wet gauze to keep it moist overnight, and sow with dew white seeds. A set of seeds is directly sown. Each 100 capsules, 3 repetitions. Sow seeds according to this method, and count the seedling rate after 3 days. The seedling rates of the two groups were 1% and 97%, respectively. After germination, the respiration of the seeds is strengthened, and the requirements for humidity and temperature control are high, and the tolerance of high humidity is reduced, and it is very easy to rot the roots and die the seedlings. For seeds that have not been germinated, the plastic film will be removed immediately after emergence in 3 days, so that they will not be affected by high temperature and high humidity. This method adopts non-germination sowing, one is that steps can be omitted, and the other is that it is not affected by humidity.

Example 4:

The seed coat shedding rate and germination time were compared between the film-covered seedlings and the non-film-covered seedlings of sweet potato seeds in this implementation. Select the plump seeds of the descendants of Xushu 27, sow according to this method, and cover one group with plastic film. A group without mulch. Each 100 capsules, 3 repetitions. The germination time and the natural shedding rate of the seed coat were counted. The germination time of the group without plastic film is 3-5 days, and the emergence is irregular. Workers need to water and control the humidity according to the humidity every day. The natural shedding rate of the seed coat is 50% in 3-7 days, and the seedling rate is only 63.89%, and some of them have not fallen off. The seed coat can also become seedlings, but the cotyledons and true leaves are incomplete, and new leaves grow slowly. Most of the seed coats that have not fallen off will dry out and stick to the hypocotyl, making the cotyledons and true leaves unable to be drawn out, resulting in dead seedlings. Cover the plastic film group, remove the plastic film in 3 days, and the seedlings will emerge, the germination rate is 95%, and the natural shedding rate of the seed coat is as high as 93%. The cumulative shedding rate is 98%, and the seedling rate reaches 99%.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of method of sweet photo seed fast seedling growing, its feature is as follows：

(1) seed preparation：Quickly removed first with clear water and float shrivelled seed, closed container is stored in after drying, refrigerator is cold Tibetan is stored for future use；

(2) seedbed preparation：Seedbed, the thick matrix of paving are done on being leveled land in energy of the sun greenhouse；Or matrix is fitted into standby in nutritive cube With nutritive cube is not limited by soil, is placed in energy of the sun greenhouse anywhere；

(3) seed pre-treatment：Sweet photo seed is soaked with the concentrated sulfuric acid, then it is standby with clear water rinsed clean；

(4) seed is sowed：Program request is in matrix, flicking, spreads vermiculite covering, and strike off；

(5) temperature control：Pour permeable bonnet mulch film and keep humidity, energy of the sun green house control temperature is after planting sprouted at 25 DEG C -35 DEG C Bud 70% or so, you can take mulch film off；

(6) kind of a skin is removed in spraying：95% kind of skin is good because of covering with ground sheeting moistening effect, is come off naturally after planting skin imbibition, small part kind skin Spraying atomized water by sprinkling irrigation equipment keeps kind of skin to moisten, and comes off naturally, without manually removing kind of a skin；

(7) seedbed management：Energy of the sun greenhouse possesses spraying sun-shading ventilating equipment, and control temperature is dry according to matrix at 25 DEG C -40 DEG C Wet situation keeps soil humidity to be 80% using spraying apparatus；

(8) transplant:True seed is sowed 40-50 days, and seedling grows to 10-12 piece true leaves, and cutting seedlings carries out crop field during height of seedling 20cm Cuttage is transplanted.

2. a kind of method of sweet photo seed fast seedling growing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (2) Matrix be vermiculite：Quartz sand：Turfy soil=1:1:2, include 2kg/m³Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 2kg/m³Chicken manure after becoming thoroughly decomposed.

3. a kind of method of sweet photo seed fast seedling growing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (2) The matrix of loading nutritive cube use in mass ratio 1 using preceding:1000 carbendazim spray disinfectant is mixed, matrix with pinch can it is agglomerating, Open one's hand is loosely standard.

4. a kind of method of sweet photo seed fast seedling growing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (2) Seedbed apply 10kg/ mu Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and 10kg/ mus of organic excrement, spray in mass ratio 1:500 dilution carbendazim bonnet mulch films 2 days After take off mulch film, make the wide strips of 1m and level land that to spread matrix 2cm standby.

5. a kind of method of sweet photo seed fast seedling growing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (2) Nutritive cube cave number be 4 × 8, disk body long 54cm, wide 28cm, cave depth 110mm, bore 60mm × 60mm, 23 × 23mm of bottom.

6. a kind of method of sweet photo seed fast seedling growing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (3) True seed is dry true seed, and the seed packet bought with Taizhou of Zhejiang Shai Wang factories loads, and seed packet is directly immersed in 30min in the 500ml concentrated sulfuric acids that 2L glass beakers are filled, a large amount of clear water are rinsed after bringing out.

7. a kind of method of sweet photo seed fast seedling growing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (6) Sprinkling irrigation equipment is the micro- spraying equipment assembled according to seedbed size, and each atomizer covers 1.75m²。