CN104969764B - A kind of method of sweet photo seed fast seedling growing - Google Patents
A kind of method of sweet photo seed fast seedling growing Download PDFInfo
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- CN104969764B CN104969764B CN201510435263.XA CN201510435263A CN104969764B CN 104969764 B CN104969764 B CN 104969764B CN 201510435263 A CN201510435263 A CN 201510435263A CN 104969764 B CN104969764 B CN 104969764B
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- seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method of the quick seeding and seedling raising of sweet photo seed, and its true seed utilizes dense sulfuric acid treatment 30 minutes, is directly broadcast after clear water is rinsed in matrix, with 3 days quick tidy seedlings outputs of lid mulch film, is subject to micro spray irrigation, plants micromicro and comes off naturally.Daily management waters to control humiture with micro- spray.The seeding growing seedlings method of the sweet photo seed provided using the present invention, is simplified nursery flow, saves a large amount of manpowers, also improve the seedling-growing time of sweet photo seed.The combined use of other mulch film and micro spray irrigation also solves the problem of artificial removal plants skin after sweet photo seed sprouting, not only saves manpower, also substantially increases the planting percent of sweet photo seed.Through overtesting and statistics, the germination percentage of sweet potato cross combination true seed is average more than 85%, and the survival rate of seedling can be met more than 99%, completely the need for sweet potato seedling plants requirement and breeding of new variety.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crop breeding technical field, and in particular to a kind of simple and effective sweet photo seed fast seedling growing
Field.
Background technology
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) is grain important in the world, feed, the raw material of industry and New Energy
Source crop, widely cultivates in the torrid zone, subtropical zone, Temperate Region in China such as Asia, Africa and Latin America.Sweet potato is in world's grain-production
In, total yield arranges the 7th.In China's grain-production, paddy rice, wheat and corn are only second to, the 4th is occupied, with important warp
Ji value and strategic position.The current long-term cultivated area of China sweet potato is in 5-6 × 106hm2, 50% or so of world's gross area is accounted for,
Gross annual output amount accounts for more than the 80% of Gross World Product.
Crossbreeding is the main path of Sweetpotato seed selection, and it is that sweet potato blooms knot that hybridization, which obtains sweet photo seed,
Real seed, is referred to as true seed obtained by reality, anatomical structure and feature with typical seed, is different from sweet potato life
Produce the Sweet potato seeds utilized.Signified seed is actually the root tuber of sweet potato in production, can vegetative propagation sweet potato cuttage seeding be used for
Production of Large Fields.Because sweet potato is the hexaploid of height heterozygosis, so that hybrid generation's trait segregation is serious so that breeding of new variety
Efficiency is lower, needs to sow substantial amounts of true seed every year.It is product that how simple and effective, which cultivates sweet photo seedling from seed,
Plant one of seed selection key issue in the urgent need to address.
At present, the method for culturing seedlings about sweet photo seed has no report.Sweet photo seed sowing processing report compared with
It is few.
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention：Simple and effective cultivates sweet photo seedling from seed.
The cultivation common practice of sweet potato seedling is needed by multiple steps, be successively choose seeds, break in the seed coat, surface disappears
Poison, vernalization, nursery, growth management, cutting seedlings, cuttage etc., tedious process are time-consuming to take a lot of work.General seed selection step is to be floated with clear water
Remove the seed that upper strata is shrivelled, dry it is standby, the step for purpose be improve germination percentage.Because shrivelled seed may be by insect pest
Or hypodevelopment etc., germination percentage is less than 10%.The step for breaking in the seed coat be mainly for the characteristic of sweet photo seed.Sweet potato
The cutin thickness of true seed kind skin and it is hard, plant skin on also adhere to wax coat, be allowed to waterproof, airtight, there is machine to embryo
Tool inhibition, sweet photo seed can store up to 21 years as long as that (A.Jonos etc. 1982 is delivered under certain temperature and humidity condition
In HortScience article longevity of stored seed of sweet-potato).Therefore sweet photo seed
The hard sclerotesta of tool delay water suction, it is necessary to scratched kind of skin with method mechanically or chemically to accelerate the sprouting of seed.To accelerate
Sprout, the method typically all broken in the seed coat using manually cutting is not only time-consuming, can also destroy embryo portion, reduce emergence rate.Nineteen thirty-seven
Steinbauer publish thesis Methods of scarifying sweet potato seed propose seed is immersed into the concentrated sulfuric acid
It is middle 30-45 minutes, sowed after then being rinsed with clear water, Shen in 1985 sows green grass or young crops and reports sweet photo seeding ratio using the method
Only 10%-15%.Huang Hong cities report dense sulfuric acid treatment 20-40 minutes in 2003, sweet photo seeding ratio reaches 95%.
From the point of view of use of the author to the concentrated sulfuric acid, handle 30 minutes, the need for a large amount of true seed sowings can be met completely.Afterwards
Medicine is soaked seed and vernalization step, to prevent bacterium and fungal disease, vernalization after typically being soaked seed 5 minutes with 500 times of thiophanate methyls,
25 DEG C of lid wet gauzes are stayed overnight i.e. in incubator, are sowed after seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, because the seed after vernalization is during germination to wet
Degree and gas permeability requirements are higher, if seed amount is excessive, if sowing is not in time, the long easily broken influence germination percentage of radicle, point
The inconsistent phenomenon of seedling matter can be brought again by criticizing sowing, be made troubles to managing and subsequently planting.General vernalization sowing can not lid mulch film,
There is bad root phenomenon to prevent humidity temperature is excessive, lid mulch film air humidity is not difficult to control, Pi Yigan is planted after emerging and is bonded at plumular axis
On, prevent cotyledon and true leaf to need artificial remove in time to plant a skin from extracting out in time, also, it is time-consuming, also it is particularly easy to damage seedling.
The present invention concentrated sulfuric acid is substituted and manually broken in the seed coat, and is saved medicine seed soaking, vernalization step, is directly sowed lid mulch film, emerge early, whole
Together, emergence rate is high, goes back saving of work and time.The growth of seedling stage replaces manually watering with micro- spray, 40 days can cutting seedlings skewer without topdressing
Insert.
Beneficial effect：
1), nursery place is any.It is any can be with the greenhouse of human controllable's temperature and humidity, greenhouse, crop field shed
.
2), seedling medium reasonable mixture ratio, fully meets sweet potato seedling nursery needs.Crop field or greenhouse are leveled land can be straight
Connect paving 3cm vermiculites or matrix；The substrate seedling disk that can arbitrarily move also can be used；Vermiculite and matrix use rear recyclable sharp again
With.Feature and seedling growth needs are sowed according to sweet photo seed, matrix used is vermiculite：Quartz sand：Turfy soil=1:
1:2,2kg/m3Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 2kg/m3Chicken manure is well mixed after becoming thoroughly decomposed.The characteristics of this nutrient matrix is formulated be it is economical and practical, it
Combine the soft of vermiculite, gas permeability and water retention property and turf is rich in nutritional ingredient contained in the advantage of organic matter, matrix
Demand of the sweet potato seedling seedling stage to nutrition is substantially met, without manuring late.Using preceding standby with 1000 times of carbendazim sprinklings
With.
3), concentrated sulfuric acid seed soaking is time saving and energy saving.Dense sulfuric acid treatment 30 minutes, emergence rate reaches more than 96%.It is artificial to cut quarter kind
Skin is not only time-consuming to take a lot of work, and can also destroy embryo portion, and emergence rate is only 80% or so.
4) seed disinfection step, is not needed.After the wash seeds that dense sulfuric acid treatment is crossed, can it is live in treated seedbed or
In matrix.
5) presprouting of seeds step, is reduced.Live seed sowing is simple to operate, decreases the machinery of vernalization seed sowing
Damage；When vernalization is sowed, temperature and humidity control is bad to occur bad root phenomenon, influences germination percentage, and germination percentage is 0 when serious,
Nursery dangerous.Live seed is under 90% humidity mulching plastic film condition, and mulch film is thrown off in temperature 20-30 degree, rudiment 70% or so, no
Bad root phenomenon occurs, germination percentage is more than 95%.
6), emerge fast.Matrix pour it is permeable after, covering film maintains the temperature at 25-40 DEG C of scope, can germinate ground within 3 days
Film, seedling-growing time is short, and germination is neat, and emergence rate is high.
7), remove from and manually go kind of a skin job, emerge neat.Covering with ground sheeting heat and moisture preserving, kind skin can nature during seed germination
Come off, cotyledon deploys naturally, emerge neat, emergence rate is high；Not after covering film germination, planting skin can be dry and hard above, seriously
When influence cotyledon and true leaf expansion, cause dead seedling.
8), daily management is simple.Humidity is adjusted using simple sprinkling irrigation equipment, energy of the sun greenhouse notices that ventilation is sheltered from heat or light cooling,
Shed notes aeration-cooling.It need not topdress.40 days can directly cutting seedlings plant crop field.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1：
The different parent offsprings of 20, the standby sweet photo seed of refrigerator during this is implemented combine, altogether 32000 seeds,
Installed with seed packet, one time 10000 or so, propose seed packet in the immersion 2L large beaker dress 500ml concentrated sulfuric acids after 30min, with
A large amount of clear water are rinsed, and are slightly dried, and in the nutritive cube matrix of sowing in this embodiment, 11, cave seed, flicking 1mm, lid vermiculite is scraped
It is flat, pour permeable, lid mulch film keeps 25-40 DEG C of greenhouse temperature, takes off mulch film within 3 days, with holding humidity of spraying, plant skin and come off naturally.Day
Often management is watered 1 time for sprinkling irrigation in morning, notes noon sunshade, cotyledon is fully deployed within the 4th day, and true leaf is extracted out within 2 weeks, 40 days plant heights
20cm, true leaf 10-12 pieces, cutting seedlings cuttage crop field.Statistics planting percent is 69%-96%, average out to 85%.
Embodiment 2：
The standby sweet photo seed broken skin method of refrigerator during this is implemented is compared germination percentage with the artificial method of breaking.Choose Xu
The full true seed of the offspring of potato 27, is cut for one group with Nail scissorses and broken in the seed coat, and one group is cleaned with clear water after dense sulfuric acid treatment 30min.
Each 100,3 repeat.Sowed by this method, bud ratio is counted after 3 days.Two groups of bud ratios are respectively 86% and 98%.Manually cut
Break in the seed coat, with 1 experienced operator not 1000 seeds calculating of shutdown process in 8 hours, 30,000-4 ten thousand amount calculating sowed with annual,
10 experienced operators are needed to complete for 3-4 days.Concentrated sulfuric acid seed soaking only needs 1 workman, can complete half a day.It is artificial to cut quarter kind skin not only
It is time-consuming to take a lot of work, embryo portion can be also destroyed, emergence rate is reduced.
Embodiment 3：
Sweet photo seed seedling-raising method during this is implemented is compared planting percent with Pregermination and seedling breeding.The offspring of Xu's potato 27 is chosen to satisfy
Full true seed, after broken skin processing, one group after 28 degree of biochemical cultivation case, immersion 1h, filters off moisture, lid wet gauze moisturizing
Night, with the seed sowing that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.One group of seed is directly sowed.Each 100,3 repeat.Sowed by this method, seedling is counted after 3 days
Rate.Two groups of planting percents are respectively 1% and 97%.Seed respiration is strengthened after vernalization, high to humidity and temperature control requirement, high
Humidity tolerance is reduced, and is very easy to rotten dead seedling.Non- vernalization seed, emerges and throws off mulch film immediately for 3 days, can not be by hot and humid
Influence.This method takes not vernalization to sow, and one is that can omit step, and two be not influenceed by humidity.
Embodiment 4：
Sweet photo seed epiphragma nursery during this is implemented is compared kind of skin expulsion rate and a germinating time with not epiphragma nursery.
The full true seed of offspring of Xu's potato 27 is chosen, is sowed by this method, one group of lid mulch film.One group of not lid mulch film.Each 100,3 weights
It is multiple.Count the budding time and plant the natural expulsion rate of skin.The lid mulch film group budding time is not 3-5 days, emerges irregular, needs workman every
It is wet that it pours water control according to humidity, and it is 50% to plant 3-7 days natural expulsion rates of skin, and planting percent is only 63.89%, does not partly fall off kind of a skin
Also can seedling, but cotyledon and true leaf are imperfect, and young leaves is grown slowly, what big a variety of skins were not fallen off, can be dried, be bonded on plumular axis,
Cotyledon and true leaf is set not to extract out, so that dead seedling.Lid mulch film group, takes off mulch film in 3 days, you can tidy seedlings output, germination percentage 95%, plants skin certainly
Right expulsion rate is up to 93%, and assistant spray device, the kind skin not come off naturally during germination is tear-away while cotyledon deploys,
Accumulative expulsion rate is 98%, and planting percent is up to 99%.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method of sweet photo seed fast seedling growing, its feature is as follows：
(1) seed preparation：Quickly removed first with clear water and float shrivelled seed, closed container is stored in after drying, refrigerator is cold
Tibetan is stored for future use；
(2) seedbed preparation：Seedbed, the thick matrix of paving are done on being leveled land in energy of the sun greenhouse；Or matrix is fitted into standby in nutritive cube
With nutritive cube is not limited by soil, is placed in energy of the sun greenhouse anywhere；
(3) seed pre-treatment：Sweet photo seed is soaked with the concentrated sulfuric acid, then it is standby with clear water rinsed clean；
(4) seed is sowed：Program request is in matrix, flicking, spreads vermiculite covering, and strike off；
(5) temperature control：Pour permeable bonnet mulch film and keep humidity, energy of the sun green house control temperature is after planting sprouted at 25 DEG C -35 DEG C
Bud 70% or so, you can take mulch film off；
(6) kind of a skin is removed in spraying：95% kind of skin is good because of covering with ground sheeting moistening effect, is come off naturally after planting skin imbibition, small part kind skin
Spraying atomized water by sprinkling irrigation equipment keeps kind of skin to moisten, and comes off naturally, without manually removing kind of a skin；
(7) seedbed management：Energy of the sun greenhouse possesses spraying sun-shading ventilating equipment, and control temperature is dry according to matrix at 25 DEG C -40 DEG C
Wet situation keeps soil humidity to be 80% using spraying apparatus；
(8) transplant:True seed is sowed 40-50 days, and seedling grows to 10-12 piece true leaves, and cutting seedlings carries out crop field during height of seedling 20cm
Cuttage is transplanted.
2. a kind of method of sweet photo seed fast seedling growing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (2)
Matrix be vermiculite：Quartz sand：Turfy soil=1:1:2, include 2kg/m3Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 2kg/m3Chicken manure after becoming thoroughly decomposed.
3. a kind of method of sweet photo seed fast seedling growing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (2)
The matrix of loading nutritive cube use in mass ratio 1 using preceding:1000 carbendazim spray disinfectant is mixed, matrix with pinch can it is agglomerating,
Open one's hand is loosely standard.
4. a kind of method of sweet photo seed fast seedling growing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (2)
Seedbed apply 10kg/ mu Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and 10kg/ mus of organic excrement, spray in mass ratio 1:500 dilution carbendazim bonnet mulch films 2 days
After take off mulch film, make the wide strips of 1m and level land that to spread matrix 2cm standby.
5. a kind of method of sweet photo seed fast seedling growing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (2)
Nutritive cube cave number be 4 × 8, disk body long 54cm, wide 28cm, cave depth 110mm, bore 60mm × 60mm, 23 × 23mm of bottom.
6. a kind of method of sweet photo seed fast seedling growing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (3)
True seed is dry true seed, and the seed packet bought with Taizhou of Zhejiang Shai Wang factories loads, and seed packet is directly immersed in
30min in the 500ml concentrated sulfuric acids that 2L glass beakers are filled, a large amount of clear water are rinsed after bringing out.
7. a kind of method of sweet photo seed fast seedling growing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step (6)
Sprinkling irrigation equipment is the micro- spraying equipment assembled according to seedbed size, and each atomizer covers 1.75m2。
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| CN105794354B (en) * | 2016-03-16 | 2018-09-11 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of sweet photo seed float seedling method |
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| CN109463232A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2019-03-15 | 济宁市农业科学研究院 | A kind of sweet photo seed gently simplifies method for culturing seedlings |
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| CN112021120A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2020-12-04 | 湛江市农业科学研究院（广东省（湛江）区域性农业试验中心） | Method for screening sweet potato fruit line |
| CN112913613A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-08 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Rapid breeding method for sweet potato seedling seeds |
| CN113179894B (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2023-03-14 | 怀化学院 | Rapid seedling growing method for paris polyphylla seeds |
| CN113508661B (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2022-05-17 | 四川省农业科学院作物研究所 | Method for promoting rapid germination of sweet potato seeds |
| CN113951075B (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-12-30 | 福州市农业科学研究所 | Method for breaking shells of sweet potato seeds and raising seedlings |
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