CN116391576B - Method for producing selenium-enriched vegetables after returning vegetable straws to field - Google Patents
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- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229940091258 selenium supplement Drugs 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium selenite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Se]([O-])=O BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960001471 sodium selenite Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000015921 sodium selenite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011781 sodium selenite Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000219104 Cucurbitaceae Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000208292 Solanaceae Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000002566 Capsicum Nutrition 0.000 description 27
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 description 22
- 235000010799 Cucumis sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 240000008574 Capsicum frutescens Species 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000001390 capsicum minimum Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 241000758706 Piperaceae Species 0.000 description 9
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000006002 Pepper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 241000722363 Piper Species 0.000 description 8
- 235000016761 Piper aduncum Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000017804 Piper guineense Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000008184 Piper nigrum Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000009849 Cucumis sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing selenium-enriched vegetables after returning vegetable straws to fields, which belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and comprises the following steps: selenium-enriched treatment of the vegetables in the previous stubble, in-situ returning of the vegetable straws in the previous stubble and planting of the vegetables in the next stubble; spraying chlorine dioxide aqueous solution to leaf surfaces before harvesting the last batch of fruits of the previous vegetables, removing the fork treatment, germinating and growing axillary buds on any plants, uniformly spraying amino-oligosaccharin aqueous solution to the leaf surfaces of the previous vegetables after harvesting the last batch of fruits, uniformly spraying Shi Yaxi sodium acid aqueous solution to the leaf surfaces of the previous vegetables after finishing spraying, performing normal management after finishing spraying, closing a sunlight greenhouse ventilation opening, sealing, discharging air and exhausting air, and removing seedling hanging ropes and mulching films to obtain the straw of the previous vegetables; the invention can realize the purpose of accurately controlling the selenium supplementing dosage of the soil and improving the effective utilization rate of the selenium after the selenium supplementing of the soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and relates to a method for producing selenium-enriched vegetables after returning vegetable straws to fields.
Background
The production of selenium-rich vegetables, which is one of the essential microelements of human body, is an effective way to supplement the elements required by human body. The selenium-deficient phenomenon of soil exists in most areas of China, so that selenium-containing elements in vegetables are fully utilized in the soil, and the requirement is difficult to meet, and therefore, a manual fertilization method is needed to produce the selenium-containing vegetables. The selenium content of vegetables is usually improved by adopting methods of direct selenium application to soil, selenium application to leaf surfaces and the like.
The base fertilizer is a fertilizer application mode of directly spreading selenium source into soil, and can solve the problem of selenium permanently, but has certain limitations in production and application due to high investment and easy environmental pollution. Ignoring target information in the selenium-rich process, directly applying selenium to soil, and losing a large amount of selenium along with watering of crops to cause environmental pollution; the dosage of the selenium fertilizer is difficult to control accurately, the excessive selenium fertilizer can produce toxic action, and the insufficient selenium fertilizer can not produce the selenium-rich action.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for producing selenium-enriched vegetables after returning vegetable straws to fields, which can realize the purposes of accurately controlling the selenium supplementing dosage of soil and improving the effective utilization rate of selenium after selenium supplementing of soil.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for producing selenium-enriched vegetables after returning vegetable straws to fields comprises the following steps: selenium-enriched treatment of the vegetables in the previous crop, in-situ returning of the straws of the vegetables in the previous crop and planting of the vegetables in the next crop.
The selenium-enriched treatment of the previous vegetables, namely spraying a chlorine dioxide aqueous solution to leaf surfaces 10-15 days before harvesting the last batch of fruits of the previous vegetables, not performing fork-picking treatment any more, germinating and growing axillary buds on any plant, uniformly spraying an amino-oligosaccharin aqueous solution to the leaf surfaces of the previous vegetables after harvesting the last batch of fruits, uniformly spraying a Shi Yaxi sodium acid aqueous solution to the leaf surfaces of the previous vegetables within 24-36 hours after finishing the spraying, performing normal management after finishing the spraying, then closing a ventilation opening of a sunlight greenhouse, performing airtight treatment, discharging air and exhausting after the airtight treatment, and removing seedling lifting ropes and mulching films to obtain the straw of the previous vegetables;
the previous vegetables are planted in a sunlight greenhouse;
the previous vegetable is one of a solanaceae crop or a cucurbitaceae vegetable crop;
the concentration of the chlorine dioxide water solution is 2-4 mug/kg, 667m 2 The dosage is 30kg;
the amino-oligosaccharin aqueous solution is 400-500 times of 5% amino-oligosaccharin aqueous solution, 667m 2 The dosage is 30kg;
the concentration of the sodium selenite aqueous solution is 0.5-0.6%,667m 2 The dosage is 30kg;
the time of normal management is 7-9 days;
the time of the sealing treatment is 2-3 days, and the indoor daytime temperature is 70-80 ℃ during the sealing treatment;
the method comprises the steps of in-situ returning of the front stubble vegetable straws, uniformly broadcasting urea and straw decomposing inoculant on the cut front stubble vegetable straws after cutting and stubble cleaning, ploughing soil after broadcasting, watering and laminating, sealing a sunlight greenhouse for canopy treatment, and carrying out wet and air diffusion and secondary rotary tillage to obtain a treated farmland;
667m of the urea 2 The dosage is 3-3.5kg; 667m of the straw decomposing inoculant 2 The dosage is 6kg;
the straw decomposing inoculant contains strains for decomposing straw cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, wherein the effective count of viable bacteria is more than or equal to 2.0X10 9 The quality of the product is consistent with the requirements of GB 20287-2006;
the soil ploughing depth is 25-30cm when the soil ploughs;
the treatment time of the canopy is 10-12 days;
the time for moisture dissipation and ventilation is 11-12 days;
the depth of the rotary tillage soil is 25-30cm during the secondary rotary tillage;
and planting the vegetables in the aftercrop, and planting the vegetables on the treated farmland according to the conventional method.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the method for producing the selenium-rich vegetables after returning the vegetable straws to the field, the former crop vegetable straws are returned to the field in situ, so that the selenium element in the soil is mediated and supplemented, the utilization rate of the selenium after the selenium is supplemented is high, and the selenium-rich vegetables of the latter crop vegetables are facilitated to be produced;
(2) The method for producing the selenium-rich vegetables after returning the vegetable straws to the field can accurately apply selenium element to target variables, has stronger targeting property and better selenium-rich effect, is beneficial to reducing the use amount of inorganic selenium and reduces the negative influence on the environment;
(3) The method for producing the selenium-enriched vegetables after returning the vegetable straws to the field can improve the content of organic selenium in the vegetables while not affecting the yield of the vegetables, and is used for producing the selenium-enriched tomatoes, namely 667m of the tomatoes 2 The yield can reach 8952.5kg, and the content of organic selenium in the ripe fruits is 0.125mg/kg; the method is used for producing the selenium-rich capsicum, and 667m of the capsicum 2 The yield can reach 6825.2kg, and the content of organic selenium in the ripe fruits is 0.148mg/kg.
Detailed Description
The following examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
In this example, the cucumber seed is jin you 35.
A method for producing selenium-enriched vegetables after returning vegetable straws to the field specifically comprises the following steps:
1. selenium-enriched treatment of previous cucumber
Spraying chlorine dioxide water solution with concentration of 2 mug/kg to leaf surface 15 days before harvesting last batch of fruits of previous crop cucumber in sunlight greenhouse, 667m 2 Spraying 30kg, no fork-cleaning treatment is carried out, axillary buds on any plant germinate and grow, and after the last batch of fruits are harvested, selenium-enriched treatment operation is carried out according to the following sequence:
(1) Uniformly spraying 500 times of 5% amino-oligosaccharin aqueous solution on cucumber leaf surfaces, and 667m 2 The dosage is 30kg, after 500 times of aqueous solution of 5% amino-oligosaccharin is sprayed, 0.5% sodium selenite aqueous solution is uniformly sprayed to cucumber leaf surfaces for 24h, and 667m of aqueous solution is sprayed 2 The dosage is 30kg, and the time point when the spraying of the sodium selenite aqueous solution is finished is not more than 36h after the spraying of 500 times of the 5% amino oligosaccharin aqueous solution;
(2) Spraying Shi Yaxi sodium acid aqueous solution, performing normal management according to a cucumber daily management method for 7 days, and then closing a sunlight greenhouse ventilation opening;
(3) Sealing the sunlight greenhouse for 3 days, maintaining the indoor daytime temperature at 70 ℃, and then exhausting air;
(4) And (5) releasing the seedling lifting rope, removing the seedling lifting rope, and removing the non-biodegradable mulching film of the previous crop cucumber covered on the ground surface.
2. In-situ returning of cucumber straw in previous stubble
(1) Chopping cucumber straws and stubble cleaning by using a vegetable straw returning machine;
(2) Uniformly spreading urea on chopped cucumber straw, 667m 2 The dosage is 3kg, and then straw decomposing inoculant is immediately applied with 667m 2 The dosage is 6kg;
the straw decomposing inoculant is prepared from straw cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin decomposing bacterial strain, and has viable count of 2.0X10 or more 9 The quality of the product is consistent with the requirements of GB 20287-2006;
(3) Soil is ploughed, after straw-decomposing inoculant is spread, a rotary cultivator is immediately used for ploughing soil for 25cm, so that cucumber straw, urea and straw-decomposing inoculant are uniformly mixed with the soil;
(4) After soil is ploughed, watering thoroughly, covering a mulching film, sealing a sunlight greenhouse, and performing canopy sealing treatment for 10 days;
(5) Removing the film, dispersing dampness and ventilating, and carrying out secondary rotary tillage after 11 days of dampness and ventilating, wherein the depth is 25cm.
3. Planting of tomato in later crop
And planting tomatoes after secondary rotary tillage, wherein the planting variety is Ruideniemann.
Comparative example 1
On the basis of the embodiment 1, the selenium-rich treatment of the previous stubble cucumber is reduced, the previous stubble cucumber straw is returned to the field according to the conventional straw in-situ returning method, and tomatoes are planted after returning to the field, specifically:
1. pretreatment process
(1) After picking of the previous cucumber, closing a ventilation opening of the sunlight greenhouse;
(2) Sealing the sunlight greenhouse for 3 days, maintaining the indoor daytime temperature at 70 ℃, and then exhausting air;
(3) And (5) releasing the seedling lifting rope, removing the seedling lifting rope, and removing the non-biodegradable mulching film of the previous crop cucumber covered on the ground surface.
2. In-situ returning of cucumber straw in previous stubble
(1) Chopping cucumber straws and stubble cleaning by using a vegetable straw returning machine;
(2) Uniformly spreading urea on chopped cucumber straw, 667m 2 The dosage is 3kg, and then straw decomposing inoculant is immediately applied with 667m 2 The dosage is 6kg;
the straw decomposing inoculant is prepared from straw cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin decomposing bacterial strain, and has viable count of 2.0X10 or more 9 The quality of the product is consistent with the requirements of GB 20287-2006;
(3) Soil is ploughed, after straw-decomposing inoculant is spread, a rotary cultivator is immediately used for ploughing soil for 25cm, so that cucumber straw, urea and straw-decomposing inoculant are uniformly mixed with the soil;
(4) After soil is ploughed, watering thoroughly, covering a mulching film, sealing a sunlight greenhouse, and performing canopy sealing treatment for 10 days;
(5) Removing the film, dispersing dampness and ventilating, and carrying out secondary rotary tillage after 11 days of dampness and ventilating, wherein the depth is 25cm.
3. Planting of tomato in later crop
And planting tomatoes after secondary rotary tillage, wherein the planting variety is Ruideniemann.
In 2019, a sunlight greenhouse for planting cucumbers is divided into two parts, cucumber straw in-situ returning is carried out according to the method of the example 1 and the method of the comparative example 1, tomatoes are planted after returning, and the background value of the selenium content of soil of the sunlight greenhouse is 0.03mg/kg before straw returning is detected, so that the sunlight greenhouse belongs to low-selenium soil.
Except for different straw returning modes of previous cropping cucumbers, other management measures of the two sunlight greenhouses are identical, and the yield and the organic selenium content in fruits are as follows:
667m 2 tomato yield: example 1 was 8952.5kg, comparative example 1 was 8835.6kg, and the difference in yield was insignificant; after the fruit ripens, the organic selenium content (calculated by fresh weight) is measured: example 1 was 0.125mg/kg, comparative example 1 was 0.010mg/kg, and the difference was significant.
The low-selenium soil is proved to be beneficial to the selenium enrichment of the vegetables in the following stubble and the production of the selenium-enriched vegetables through the mediation of the vegetables in the preceding stubble.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the variety of the previous crop of capsicum is Shouxian No. 12.
A method for producing selenium-enriched vegetables after returning vegetable straws to the field specifically comprises the following steps:
1. selenium-enriched treatment of previous-stubble peppers
Spraying chlorine dioxide aqueous solution with concentration of 4 mug/kg on leaves 10 days before harvesting last batch of fruits of previous capsicum in sunlight greenhouse, 667m 2 Spraying 30kg, no fork-cleaning treatment is carried out, axillary buds on any plant germinate and grow, and after the last batch of fruits are harvested, selenium-enriched treatment operation is carried out according to the following sequence:
(1) Uniformly spraying 400 times of 5% amino-oligosaccharin aqueous solution on pepper leaves, and 667m 2 The dosage is 30kg, after 400 times of aqueous solution of 5% amino-oligosaccharin is sprayed, 0.6% sodium selenite aqueous solution is uniformly sprayed to the leaf surfaces of the peppers in the 30h, and 667m of aqueous solution is sprayed 2 The dosage is 30kg. The time point of the end of spraying the sodium selenite aqueous solution is not more than 400 times of spraying 5% amino-oligosaccharin aqueous solution36h after the aqueous solution;
(2) Spraying Shi Yaxi sodium acid aqueous solution, then carrying out normal management for 9 days according to a pepper daily management method, and then closing a sunlight greenhouse ventilation opening;
(3) Sealing the sunlight greenhouse for 2 days, maintaining the indoor daytime temperature at 80 ℃, and then exhausting air;
(4) And (5) releasing the seedling lifting rope, removing the seedling lifting rope, and removing the non-biodegradable mulching film covering the surface of the previous crop of chilli.
2. Returning the previous stubble chilli straws to the field in situ:
(1) Cutting the chilli straw and cleaning stubble by using a vegetable straw returning machine;
(2) Uniformly spreading urea on chopped pepper straw, 667m 2 The dosage is 3.5kg, and then straw decomposing inoculant is immediately sprayed with 667m 2 The dosage is 6kg;
the straw decomposing inoculant is prepared from straw cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin decomposing bacterial strain, and has viable count of 2.0X10 or more 9 The quality of the product is consistent with the requirements of GB 20287-2006;
(3) Soil is ploughed, after straw-decomposing inoculant is spread, soil is ploughed for 30cm by a rotary cultivator immediately, and pepper straw, urea and straw-decomposing inoculant are uniformly mixed with the soil;
(4) After soil is ploughed, watering thoroughly, covering a mulching film, sealing a sunlight greenhouse, and performing canopy sealing treatment for 12 days;
(5) Removing the film, dispersing dampness and ventilating, and carrying out secondary rotary tillage after 12 days of dampness and ventilating, wherein the depth is 30cm.
3. Planting of later-stubble peppers
And (5) planting the peppers after secondary rotary tillage, wherein the planting variety is shou yan meng teng.
Comparative example 2
The selenium-rich treatment of the previous crop of the capsicum is reduced on the basis of the embodiment 2, the previous crop of the capsicum is returned to the field according to the conventional straw in-situ returning method, and then the capsicum is planted after the Shi Yaxi sodium acid is added according to the conventional soil, specifically:
1. pretreatment process
(1) After the harvesting of the previous crop of peppers is finished, closing a ventilation opening of the sunlight greenhouse;
(2) Sealing the sunlight greenhouse for 2 days, maintaining the indoor daytime temperature at 80 ℃, and then exhausting air;
(3) And (5) releasing the seedling lifting rope, removing, and removing the non-biodegradable mulching film covering the ground surface with the previous stubble of capsicum.
2. Returning the previous stubble chilli straws to the field in situ:
(1) Cutting the chilli straw and cleaning stubble by using a vegetable straw returning machine;
(2) Uniformly spreading urea on chopped pepper straw, 667m 2 The dosage is 3.5kg, and then straw decomposing inoculant is immediately sprayed with 667m 2 The dosage is 6kg;
the straw decomposing inoculant is prepared from straw cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin decomposing bacterial strain, and has viable count of 2.0X10 or more 9 The quality of the product is consistent with the requirements of GB 20287-2006;
(3) Soil is ploughed, after straw-decomposing inoculant is spread, soil is ploughed for 30cm by a rotary cultivator immediately, and pepper straw, urea and straw-decomposing inoculant are uniformly mixed with the soil;
(4) After soil is ploughed, watering thoroughly, covering a mulching film, sealing a sunlight greenhouse, and performing canopy sealing treatment for 12 days;
(5) The film is uncovered, the moisture and air are removed, and after 12 days of moisture and air removal, sodium selenite with the same dosage as that of the embodiment 2 is uniformly scattered and applied for secondary rotary tillage, and the depth is 30cm.
3. Planting of later-stubble peppers
And (5) planting the peppers after secondary rotary tillage, wherein the planting variety is shou yan meng teng.
In 2020, a sunlight greenhouse for planting peppers is divided into two parts in 6 months, pepper straw in-situ returning is carried out according to the methods of example 2 and comparative example 2, peppers are planted after returning, and the background value of the selenium content in the soil of the sunlight greenhouse is 0.05mg/kg before straw returning is detected, so that the pepper straw returning belongs to low-selenium soil.
Except for the fact that the previous crop of capsicum stalks is returned to the field in different ways, and the sodium selenite with the same dosage as that of the example 2 is uniformly scattered in the second rotary tillage in the comparative example 2, other management measures of the two sunlight greenhouses are identical, and the yield and the organic selenium content in fruits are as follows:
667m 2 yield of capsicum: example 2 was 6825.5kg, comparative example 2 was 6857.6kg, and the difference in yield was insignificant; after the fruit ripens, the organic selenium content (calculated by fresh weight) is measured: comparative example 2 was 0.148mg/kg, example 2 was 0.051mg/kg, and the difference was significant.
The low-selenium soil is more beneficial to selenium enrichment of the succeeding vegetables compared with the conventional soil selenium supplementing through the mediation of the preceding vegetables.
The percentages used in the present invention are mass percentages unless otherwise indicated.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The method for producing the selenium-enriched vegetables after returning the vegetable straws to the field is characterized by comprising the following steps of: selenium-enriched treatment of the vegetables in the previous stubble, in-situ returning of the vegetable straws in the previous stubble and planting of the vegetables in the next stubble;
and (3) carrying out selenizing treatment on the previous vegetables, spraying a chlorine dioxide aqueous solution to leaf surfaces 10-15 days before harvesting the last batch of fruits of the previous vegetables, not carrying out bifurcation treatment, germinating and growing axillary buds on any plant, uniformly spraying an amino-oligosaccharin aqueous solution to the leaf surfaces of the previous vegetables after harvesting the last batch of fruits, uniformly spraying a Shi Yaxi sodium acid aqueous solution to the leaf surfaces of the previous vegetables within 24-36 hours after finishing spraying, carrying out normal management after finishing spraying, then closing a ventilation opening of a sunlight greenhouse, sealing, discharging air after sealing, and removing seedling lifting ropes and mulching films to obtain the previous vegetable straws.
2. The method for producing selenium-rich vegetables after returning vegetable stalks to fields as set forth in claim 1, wherein the preceding crop of vegetables is planted in a sunlight greenhouse;
the previous vegetable is one of a solanaceae crop or a cucurbitaceae vegetable crop.
3. The method for producing selenium-enriched vegetables after returning vegetable stalks to fields as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of the aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide is 2 to 4 μg/kg,667m 2 The dosage is 30kg;
the amino-oligosaccharin aqueous solution is 400-500 times of 5% amino-oligosaccharin aqueous solution, 667m 2 The dosage is 30kg;
the concentration of the sodium selenite aqueous solution is 0.5-0.6%,667m 2 The dosage is 30kg.
4. The method for producing selenium-rich vegetables after returning vegetable stalks to fields as set forth in claim 1, wherein the time for normal management is 7 to 9 days;
the sealing treatment time is 2-3 days, and the indoor daytime temperature is 70-80 ℃ during the sealing treatment.
5. The method for producing selenium-enriched vegetables after returning vegetable straws to fields according to claim 1, wherein the former stubble vegetable straws are returned to fields in situ, urea and straw rotting microbial inoculum are uniformly spread on the chopped former stubble vegetable straws after the former stubble vegetable straws are chopped and stubble is cleared, soil tillage, watering and film covering are carried out after the spreading is finished, then a solar greenhouse is closed, and after being subjected to canopy sealing treatment, moisture and air permeability are carried out, secondary rotary tillage is carried out, and a treated farmland is obtained.
6. The method for producing selenium-enriched vegetables after returning vegetable stalks to fields as set forth in claim 5, wherein 667m of the urea 2 The dosage is 3-3.5kg; 667m of the straw decomposing inoculant 2 The dosage is 6kg;
the straw decomposing inoculant comprises decomposing strawBacterial species of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, wherein the effective count of viable bacteria is not less than 2.0X10 9 The quality of each unit of the product is consistent with the requirements of GB 20287-2006.
7. The method for producing selenium-rich vegetables after returning vegetable stalks to fields as set forth in claim 5, wherein the soil is ploughed to a soil depth of 25 to 30cm;
the treatment time of the canopy is 10-12 days;
the time for moisture dissipation and ventilation is 11-12 days;
the depth of the rotary tillage soil is 25-30cm during the secondary rotary tillage.
8. The method for producing selenium-rich vegetables after returning vegetable stalks to fields as set forth in claim 1, wherein the vegetables are planted in the succeeding crop and the vegetables are planted conventionally in the treated farmland.
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