CN113229061A - Selenium-rich quality-improving cultivation method for tomatoes - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is suitable for the technical field of vegetable planting, and provides a selenium-rich quality-improving tomato cultivation method, which comprises the steps of land selection, variety selection, seed treatment, seedling strengthening, seedbed management, land preparation and fertilization, field cultivation tube, pruning and core picking, disease and pest control and reasonable selenium application, wherein selenium application uses selenium fertilizers and selenium soil conditioners registered in China, the reasonable selenium application comprises leaf surface selenium supplement and rhizosphere selenium supplement, when the leaf surface selenium supplement is carried out, selenium solution is sprayed on the front and back surfaces of leaves and the surfaces of young fruits, the selenium is applied after 4 pm on cloudy days or sunny days with the degree of no water dripping, the fine mist with the distance of 35 cm from the leaves is uniformly sprayed, the selenium application is stopped 10 days before harvesting, the rhizosphere selenium supplement is carried out before soil plowing, the selenium soil conditioner is applied in the field and plowing is carried out, so that the soil and the selenium soil conditioner are fully and uniformly mixed, and the invention optimizes each stage in the tomato cultivation period, so that the selenium-rich tomato is planted, and the content of selenium is high, the selenium of the tomato is high, High quality, high yield, obvious benefit and suitability for popularization and application.

Description

Selenium-rich quality-improving cultivation method for tomatoes

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable planting, and particularly relates to a selenium-rich quality-improving cultivation method for tomatoes.

Background

The selenium-enriched tomato is tomato fruits which are obtained by naturally enriching selenium or mainly enriching selenium by a selenium biological nutrition strengthening technology and taking selenium as an auxiliary material in the growth and development process of tomatoes, wherein the selenium content is 0.15-0.50 mg/kg in dry weight, and the selenoamino acid content (the sum of the contents of selenomethionine, selenocysteine and selenomethylselenocysteine) accounts for more than 65% of the total selenium content.

Selenium is an important trace element necessary for human bodies, the disease prevention and treatment effect is obvious, the selenium-rich tomatoes are rich in nutrition, the selling price is higher than that of common tomatoes by more than 20%, the medical care effect is obvious, the selenium-rich tomatoes are favored by consumers and are not in demand in the market.

Therefore, the selenium-rich tomatoes with good production quality and high selenium content are important measures for increasing the income of vegetable growers and benefiting residents.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a selenium-rich quality-improving cultivation method for tomatoes, and aims to solve the technical problems.

The invention is realized in such a way that the cultivation method for improving selenium enrichment of tomatoes comprises the following steps:

planting sandy loam with the pH value of 6-7, and performing rotation to avoid continuous cropping with the same family vegetables, wherein the interval period is at least 3 years;

soaking, disinfecting and accelerating germination are carried out before sowing the seeds;

fully mixing 8 parts of vegetable garden soil and 2 parts of organic fertilizer uniformly, sieving to prepare nutrient soil, spraying 100 times of 40% formaldehyde solution for disinfection, piling and covering with a film, uncovering the film after 7-10 days, and ventilating for 3-5 days for use;

selecting a sunny day for sowing from the first ten days of 12 months to the first 1 month of the next year, finishing a seedbed before sowing, leveling the bed surface, finishing bed soil, paving 1.5-2.0 cm thick nutrient soil on the seedbed, thoroughly watering, sowing according to 10 g of seedbed seeds per 2 m, covering 1-2 cm thick nutrient soil after sowing, and then inserting a bamboo bow and covering a film;

after the tomatoes grow out, uncovering the film to ventilate when the temperature is high or the sunlight is sufficient, spraying water when the soil is white, spraying plant ash or soil ash on the bed surface when the humidity is high in cloudy days, arranging the seedlings on the bed according to the row spacing of 8 cm multiplied by 8 cm from late 1 month to middle 2 months, and watering;

firstly, ploughing soil, applying 3000-4000 kg of organic fertilizer and 50-60 kg of compound fertilizer per mu, applying a soil conditioner, ditching and deeply applying, then ridge forming, wherein the width of the ridge surface is 1.0-1.2 m, the width of the furrow is 30-35 cm, the depth is 20-25 cm, the ridge surface soil is crushed into a turtle back shape, and then mulching is carried out, wherein the soil conditioner is prepared by mixing 3-8 parts of zinc fulvate, 5-8 parts of manganese sulfate, 5-9 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1-5 parts of sodium tripolyphosphate, 1-5 parts of astragalus polysaccharide, 1-5 parts of ginger oil, 30-40 parts of lithospermum and 30-40 parts of lime;

transplanting tomatoes cultivated in a greenhouse, a small arched greenhouse and a mulching film in the late ten days of 3 months, planting when the tomato seedlings grow 7-9 true leaves and are 15-20 cm high, planting 3000-3500 early-maturing varieties per mu, planting 2500-3000 middle-maturing varieties and 2000-2500 late-maturing varieties, punching by using a bamboo skewer or a seedling transplanting device during planting, placing seedlings in holes and covering soil, sufficiently watering for fixing roots, then returning soil for fixing roots, and completely sealing the mulching film at the edges of the planting holes;

sealing the greenhouse for a week after field planting, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 25-30 ℃ in the daytime, keeping the temperature at 17 ℃ at night, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse at 20-25 ℃ in the daytime and 13-15 ℃ at night when the temperature in the greenhouse is too high, tearing off the film for ventilation, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 25-26 ℃ during fruit expansion, and keeping the temperature at 15-17 ℃ at night when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 15 ℃ during fruit exuberance, increasing the ventilation force for tearing off the film for ventilation day and night when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 15 ℃ at night, and keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at not higher than 25 ℃ when the fruits begin to turn from white to red;

topdressing is carried out in time on the basis of applying sufficient base fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer is controlled in the early stage, first fertilizer is topdressed in 10-15 days of field planting, topdressing is carried out after the first cluster fruits expand and after the second cluster fruits are set and during harvesting, topdressing is carried out according to 10-15 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer applied to each mu, 0.5-1% of monopotassium phosphate is used for topdressing outside roots in the later stage of growth, topdressing is stopped 15-20 days before harvesting, 1-2 times of live water are poured after field planting for tomatoes, watering is carried out when the first cluster fruits expand, and watering is carried out 1-2 times every 7-15 days later;

building frames when seedlings are 30-50 cm high, building frames with bamboo poles or wood poles with the length of 1.2-1.5 m, building herringbone frames on tomatoes in each ridge to form 2 rows, drawing the tomato plants to the frames by using plastic belts, leaving a side branch on the uppermost part when the side branch is removed, enabling the side branch to extend upwards to the top end, picking when the tomatoes grow 4-5 ears and are young, picking the whole branches and picking after dew is dried in a sunny day, keeping 4-5 fruits with uniform size in each ear, and picking old leaves and diseased leaves at the lower part of the plants in the middle and later stages of fruiting;

preparing a selenium fertilizer into a selenium solution with the selenium concentration of 70-120 mg/kg, applying selenium for 1 time in a flowering period and a young fruit period respectively, supplementing selenium for 1 time after fruit picking each time, uniformly spraying 450-600 kg of the selenium solution for each hectare each time, spraying the selenium solution on the front and back surfaces of leaves and the surfaces of young fruits, uniformly spraying fine mist 35 cm away from the leaves after 4 hours in the cloudy day or sunny day with the water non-dripping degree, flushing with rainwater within 6 hours after applying selenium, supplementing selenium for 1 time, not mixing with alkaline pesticides and fertilizers, and stopping applying selenium 10 days before picking;

before the soil is ploughed, a selenium soil conditioner is applied in the field, and then ploughed to ensure that the soil and the selenium fertilizer are fully and uniformly mixed.

Advantageous effects

The selenium-enriched quality-improving cultivation method for the tomatoes, provided by the invention, optimizes each stage in the tomato planting period, so that the planted selenium-enriched tomatoes have the advantages of high selenium content, good quality, high yield and obvious benefit, and are suitable for popularization and application.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

The embodiment of the invention provides a selenium-rich quality-improving cultivation method for tomatoes, which comprises the following steps:

plot selection

The tomatoes are sensitive to peroxyacetyl nitrate, ozone, hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen sulfide in the atmosphere, are cultivated in a place where the atmosphere, water quality and soil conditions meet the pollution-free environmental sanitation quality standard, are rotated to avoid continuous cropping with vegetables of the same family, can be continuously cropped with vegetables of alliums, melons, beans, mustard and the like at intervals of at least 3 years, have strong adaptability, and are planted in sandy soil with the pH value of 6-7.

Variety selection

Selecting disease-resistant, high-quality and high-yield tomato varieties including Hunan tomato No. 2, Sukang No. 9, Zhejiang No. 5, Xifen No. 3, Shenfen No. 3, Jiangsan No. 2, Jinshiwangzi No. 1, Jinshiwangzi No. 8, Jinshiwangzi super-large fruits and Oriental pearl.

Seed treatment

Soaking seeds in warm water of 55 ℃ while stirring rapidly to heat the seeds uniformly to prevent scalding the seeds, and continuously soaking the seeds for 4 hours after the water temperature is reduced to 30 ℃ to kill germs on the surfaces and in the seeds, thereby having the effect of preventing and treating tomato virus diseases.

Or soaking the seeds in 10% trisodium phosphate for 20 min, taking out, washing with clear water, soaking the seeds for germination to remove viruses on the surfaces of the seeds.

Cultivating strong seedlings

Preparing fertile, loose and ventilated nutrient soil. Mixing fertile vegetable garden soil without solanaceae crops with an organic fertilizer, preparing according to a volume ratio of 8:2, namely 8 parts of vegetable garden soil and 2 parts of the organic fertilizer (decomposed pig, cow and chicken manure), fully mixing and sieving the vegetable garden soil and the organic fertilizer, spraying 100 times of 40% formaldehyde solution for disinfection, piling and coating a film, removing the film after 10 days, and ventilating for 3 days for later use.

Selecting Jingtian for seeding from the first ten days of 12 months to the first ten days of the next year, wherein the seedling raising mode comprises electric heating seedling raising and greenhouse seedling raising, the seedling raising method comprises direct seeding seedling raising and plug seedling raising, a seedbed is well prepared before seeding, the bed surface is flat, the bed soil is fine, then nutrient soil with the thickness of 1.5 cm is paved on the seedling raising mode, the seedling raising mode is thoroughly watered, seeding is carried out according to the weight of 10 g of seedbed seeds per 2 m, the nutrient soil with the thickness of 1 cm is covered after seeding, bamboo bows are inserted for covering films, the electric heating seedling raising is carried out for electric plug seedling raising, the temperature is controlled to be 25 ℃, the plug seedling raising mode is firstly filled with the nutrient soil in holes, the seedling raising mode is thoroughly watered, a plug tray with the thickness of 60 cm multiplied by 34 cm by 5 cm is selected, 4.5 g is seeded in each tray, the.

Seedbed management

After the tomatoes grow out, when the temperature is high or the sunlight is sufficient, the film is timely torn off for ventilation, water is timely sprayed when the soil is white, plant ash or fire soil ash is sprayed on the bed surface when the humidity is high in cloudy days to reduce the humidity, seedling is arranged when the height of the seedlings is 10 cm by direct seeding, the seedlings are arranged on the bed according to the row spacing of 8 cm multiplied by 8 cm from the beginning to the end of 1 month to the middle of 2 months, or the seedlings are arranged in nutrition bowls, 1 seedling is arranged in each bowl, then watering is carried out, and diseases such as retting and damping-off are carefully controlled in the seedling stage.

Soil preparation and fertilization

Firstly, ploughing soil, applying 3500 kg of organic fertilizer and 50 kg of compound fertilizer per mu, then applying a soil conditioner, ditching and deep applying, then ridge forming, wherein the width of a ridge surface is 1.2 m, the width of the groove is 35 cm, the depth of the groove is 20 cm, the soil on the ridge surface is crushed into a turtle back shape, and then mulching is carried out, wherein the soil conditioner is prepared by mixing 6 parts of zinc fulvate, 6 parts of manganese sulfate, 8 parts of ferrous sulfate, 4 parts of sodium tripolyphosphate, 2 parts of astragalus polysaccharide, 4 parts of ginger oil, 35 parts of rubusmine and 35 parts of lime.

Timely planting

Transplanting tomatoes cultivated in a greenhouse, a small arched greenhouse and a mulching film in the middle and last 3 months, transplanting tomatoes cultivated in the mulching film in the last 3 months to the last 4 months, and transplanting tomatoes cultivated in the open field in the middle and last 4 months. When tomato seedlings grow 8 true leaves and are 15 cm high, planting is carried out, 3500 early-maturing varieties are planted in each mu, 3000 middle-maturing varieties are planted in each mu, and 2500 late-maturing varieties are planted in each mu. During field planting, a bamboo skewer or a seedling transplanting device is used for punching, seedlings are placed in the holes and covered with soil, sufficient root fixing water is poured, then the roots of the seedlings are blocked by soil, and mulching films on the edges of the field planting holes are completely sealed.

Cultivation tube in field

Sealing the greenhouse for heat preservation about one week after planting, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 30 ℃ in the daytime and above 17 ℃ at night. When the fruits are bloomed and fruited, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be between 20 and 25 ℃ in the daytime and between 13 and 15 ℃ at night, the moisture is controlled, the relative humidity is reduced, and the vegetative growth is inhibited. And if the temperature in the greenhouse is too high, the film is timely torn off for ventilation. The temperature in the shed is maintained at 26 ℃ in the fruit expansion period, 15 ℃ at night, the ventilation force of the film uncovering is increased in the fruiting prosperous period, and the shed is ventilated day and night when the temperature is higher than 15 ℃ at night. When the fruit begins to turn from white to red, the temperature in the shed is not higher than 25 ℃.

Topdressing is carried out at proper time on the basis of sufficient base fertilizer application, and nitrogen fertilizer is controlled at the early stage to prevent the plant from overgrowing. Topdressing is carried out for the first time about 15 days after field planting, topdressing is carried out after the first cluster fruits are expanded and after the second cluster fruits are set and during harvesting, the topdressing is carried out according to the application of 10 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer per mu, the dosage is preferably less in the early stage, the dosage is preferably large in the later stage, topdressing can be carried out outside roots by 1% of monopotassium phosphate in the later stage of growth, and the topdressing is stopped 20 days before harvesting. Watering the tomatoes for 2 times of live seedling water after field planting, wherein the soil in the early stage of the greenhouse tomatoes cannot be over-wet, watering the tomatoes when the first cluster fruits expand, and watering the tomatoes for 1 time every 7 days later so as to perform furrow irrigation.

Pruning and pinching

Building frames in time according to the growth conditions of the tomatoes, building frames when the height of the seedlings is 50 cm, building frames by using bamboo poles or wood poles with the length of 1.5 m, building trestles on every ridge of tomatoes, and building 2 rows. In order to prevent the tomatoes from growing on the ground, the tomato plants are pulled to the upper shelf by plastic belts in time. The pruning mode of the tomatoes can adopt single-trunk pruning and double-trunk pruning, the shorter tomato plants and the weak tomato plants adopt double-trunk pruning, the single-trunk pruning is adopted for the plants with high height, strong growth and strong branching, when the lateral branches are removed, one lateral branch is left at the uppermost part, the lateral branch is extended upwards to the top end, and all the lateral branches of the uncapped tomatoes are removed in time. When the tomato has 5 ears and young fruits, pinching is carried out, and pruning and pinching are carried out after dew is dry in sunny days so as to reduce the occurrence of diseases. In order to ensure that the fruits are uniform and regular in size and are enlarged, small fruits are timely thinned, 5 fruits with uniform size are kept in each ear, and old leaves and diseased leaves at the lower part of a plant are removed in the middle and later fruiting period, so that ventilation is facilitated, diseases are reduced, and the yield is improved.

Disease and pest control

The tomato gray mold can be controlled by spraying 200 times of biological pesticide 20% Wuyimycin aqueous solution, and can also be controlled by 1500 times of 50% promethacin wettable powder. Various fungal diseases can be prevented and controlled by using 500 times of 70% chlorothalonil wettable powder or 800 times of 25% daphne wettable powder. The early blight is prevented and treated by spraying 2% pesticide 120 water solution 200 times in the middle and late stages of tomato. Aphid is sprayed with 1000 times of 25% chrysanthemum mixture emulsion or 2000 times of 10% cyanogen chrysanthemum ester emulsion. The bollworm is controlled by 1000 times of nicotine emulsifiable solution or 2000 times of cypermethrin emulsifiable solution.

Rational selenium application

The selenium fertilizer and the selenium soil conditioner registered by the state are used, the selenium is reasonably applied to supplement the selenium on the leaf surface and supplement the selenium on the rhizosphere, the selenium on the leaf surface is supplemented for 1 time in the flowering period and the young fruit period, the selenium is supplemented for 1 time after fruit picking, 500 kg of the selenium solution is uniformly sprayed on each hectare, the selenium solution is sprayed on the front side and the back side of the leaf and the surface of the young fruit, the selenium is applied after 4 hours in cloudy days or sunny days with the water non-dripping degree, the concentration of the selenium solution is accurate, fine mist of 35 cm away from the leaf is uniformly sprayed, the selenium is flushed by rain within 6 hours after the selenium application, the selenium solution is supplemented for 1 time, the selenium is not mixed with alkaline pesticide and fertilizer, and the selenium application is stopped 10 days before harvesting. The rhizosphere selenium supplement is to apply a selenium soil conditioner according to product specifications in the field before soil is ploughed, and then ploughing to make the soil and the selenium fertilizer fully and uniformly mixed.

Harvesting at the right time

The tomatoes are both ripe and raw vegetables, have high requirements on the quality standard of safety and sanitation of products, are picked after random sampling detection in the field meets the standard, the color of the tomatoes is changed from white to red, and when the maturity reaches about 7, the tomatoes can be picked, if long-distance transportation is needed, the maturity of the tomatoes is only about 5, and the tomatoes are cleaned by clear water after being picked and then are packaged in grades according to the size and the specification.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. The selenium-rich quality-improving cultivation method for the tomatoes is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

planting sandy loam with the pH value of 6-7, and performing rotation to avoid continuous cropping with the same family vegetables, wherein the interval period is at least 3 years;

soaking, disinfecting and accelerating germination are carried out before sowing the seeds;

fully mixing 8 parts of vegetable garden soil and 2 parts of organic fertilizer uniformly, sieving to prepare nutrient soil, spraying 100 times of 40% formaldehyde solution for disinfection, piling and covering with a film, uncovering the film after 7-10 days, and ventilating for 3-5 days for use;

selecting a sunny day for sowing from the first ten days of 12 months to the first 1 month of the next year, finishing a seedbed before sowing, leveling the bed surface, finishing bed soil, paving 1.5-2.0 cm thick nutrient soil on the seedbed, thoroughly watering, sowing according to 10 g of seedbed seeds per 2 m, covering 1-2 cm thick nutrient soil after sowing, and then inserting a bamboo bow and covering a film;

after the tomatoes grow out, uncovering the film to ventilate when the temperature is high or the sunlight is sufficient, spraying water when the soil is white, spraying plant ash or soil ash on the bed surface when the humidity is high in cloudy days, arranging the seedlings on the bed according to the row spacing of 8 cm multiplied by 8 cm from late 1 month to middle 2 months, and watering;

firstly, ploughing soil, applying 3000-4000 kg of organic fertilizer and 50-60 kg of compound fertilizer per mu, applying a soil conditioner, ditching and deeply applying, then ridge forming, wherein the width of the ridge surface is 1.0-1.2 m, the width of the furrow is 30-35 cm, the depth is 20-25 cm, the ridge surface soil is crushed into a turtle back shape, and then mulching is carried out, wherein the soil conditioner is prepared by mixing 3-8 parts of zinc fulvate, 5-8 parts of manganese sulfate, 5-9 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1-5 parts of sodium tripolyphosphate, 1-5 parts of astragalus polysaccharide, 1-5 parts of ginger oil, 30-40 parts of lithospermum and 30-40 parts of lime;

transplanting tomatoes cultivated in a greenhouse, a small arched greenhouse and a mulching film in the late ten days of 3 months, planting when the tomato seedlings grow 7-9 true leaves and are 15-20 cm high, planting 3000-3500 early-maturing varieties per mu, planting 2500-3000 middle-maturing varieties and 2000-2500 late-maturing varieties, punching by using a bamboo skewer or a seedling transplanting device during planting, placing seedlings in holes and covering soil, sufficiently watering for fixing roots, then returning soil for fixing roots, and completely sealing the mulching film at the edges of the planting holes;

sealing the greenhouse for a week after field planting, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 25-30 ℃ in the daytime, keeping the temperature at 17 ℃ at night, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse at 20-25 ℃ in the daytime and 13-15 ℃ at night when the temperature in the greenhouse is too high, tearing off the film for ventilation, keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 25-26 ℃ during fruit expansion, and keeping the temperature at 15-17 ℃ at night when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 15 ℃ during fruit exuberance, increasing the ventilation force for tearing off the film for ventilation day and night when the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 15 ℃ at night, and keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at not higher than 25 ℃ when the fruits begin to turn from white to red;

topdressing is carried out in time on the basis of applying sufficient base fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer is controlled in the early stage, first fertilizer is topdressed in 10-15 days of field planting, topdressing is carried out after the first cluster fruits expand and after the second cluster fruits are set and during harvesting, topdressing is carried out according to 10-15 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer applied to each mu, 0.5-1% of monopotassium phosphate is used for topdressing outside roots in the later stage of growth, topdressing is stopped 15-20 days before harvesting, 1-2 times of live water are poured after field planting for tomatoes, watering is carried out when the first cluster fruits expand, and watering is carried out 1-2 times every 7-15 days later;

building frames when seedlings are 30-50 cm high, building frames with bamboo poles or wood poles with the length of 1.2-1.5 m, building herringbone frames on tomatoes in each ridge to form 2 rows, drawing the tomato plants to the frames by using plastic belts, leaving a side branch on the uppermost part when the side branch is removed, enabling the side branch to extend upwards to the top end, picking when the tomatoes grow 4-5 ears and are young, picking the whole branches and picking after dew is dried in a sunny day, keeping 4-5 fruits with uniform size in each ear, and picking old leaves and diseased leaves at the lower part of the plants in the middle and later stages of fruiting;

preparing a selenium fertilizer into a selenium solution with the selenium concentration of 70-120 mg/kg, applying selenium for 1 time respectively in a flowering period and a young fruit period, supplementing selenium for 1 time after fruit picking each time, and uniformly spraying 450-600 kg of the selenium solution for each hectare each time;

before the soil is ploughed, a selenium soil conditioner is applied in the field, and then ploughed to ensure that the soil and the selenium fertilizer are fully and uniformly mixed.

2. The selenium-enriched quality-improving tomato cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tomato variety is Hunan tomato No. 2, Sukang No. 9, Zhejiang No. 5, Xifen No. 3, Shenfen No. 3, Jianghua No. 2, King No. 1, King No. 8, King super-large fruit or oriental pearl.

3. The selenium-enriched quality-improving cultivation method for tomatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steps of seed soaking, disinfection and germination acceleration comprise: soaking the seeds in warm water of 50-55 ℃, rapidly stirring while soaking to uniformly heat the seeds, continuously soaking the seeds for 4-5 hours after the water temperature is reduced to 30 ℃, soaking the seeds in 10% trisodium phosphate for 20-30 minutes, taking out the seeds, washing the seeds with clear water, and soaking the seeds for germination.

4. The selenium-enriched quality-improving cultivation method for the tomatoes as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the following steps of disease and pest control: tomato gray mold is controlled by spraying 20% Wuyimycin aqueous solution 200 times of biological pesticide, or 50% promethazine wettable powder 1000-1500 times of the biological pesticide, various fungal diseases are controlled by 70% chlorothalonil wettable powder 500-800 times of the biological pesticide or 25% daphne wettable powder 800 times of the biological pesticide, early blight is controlled by spraying 2% pesticide 120 times of the biological pesticide, aphid is controlled by spraying 25% jerusalem mixture emulsion 1000 times of the biological pesticide, 10% pyrethrum emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times of the biological pesticide, cotton bollworm is controlled by spraying nicotine emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times of the biological pesticide, or cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times of the biological pesticide.

5. The selenium-enriched quality-improving tomato cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the selenium application step, selenium solution is sprayed on the front and back sides of the leaves and the surfaces of young fruits, and is uniformly sprayed in a fine mist manner with a distance of 35 cm from the leaves after 4 pm on cloudy days or sunny days, and is flushed with rain within 6 hours after selenium application, and the selenium application is stopped 10 days before harvesting after 1 additional spraying without being mixed with alkaline pesticide and fertilizer.