CN114213194A

CN114213194A - Selenium activation method for planting soil

Info

Publication number: CN114213194A
Application number: CN202111499393.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 高雪; 谭海运; 多吉卫色; 卓玛; 索朗次仁; 刘国一; 尼玛次仁
Original assignee: Geothermal Geology Brigade Of Bureau Of Geology And Mineral Exploration And Development Of Tibet Autonomous Region; Institute Of Agricultural Resources And Environment Of Tibet Academy Of Agricultural And Animal Husbandry Sciences
Current assignee: Geothermal Geology Brigade Of Bureau Of Geology And Mineral Exploration And Development Of Tibet Autonomous Region; Institute Of Agricultural Resources And Environment Of Tibet Academy Of Agricultural And Animal Husbandry Sciences
Priority date: 2021-12-09
Filing date: 2021-12-09
Publication date: 2022-03-22

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a selenium activation method for planting soil. According to the selenium activation method for the planting soil, the selenium element in the planting soil is activated in a mode of applying the selected selenium activation conditioner to the soil before crops are planted, the conditioner for promoting the selenium activation of the soil takes human and animal excrement, citric acid residues, nut shell powder, egg shell powder and highland barley bran as solid substrates, the activity of residual activated sludge subjected to hydrothermal electrolyte reaction treatment and the improvement performance of an EM (effective microorganisms) microbial inoculum on the soil are assisted, the property of the planting soil can be effectively improved, the selenium element in the soil is converted into effective selenium which is easier to absorb, the activation of the selenium element in the soil can be realized, the effective selenium content in the soil is increased, the selenium-rich crops can be planted more easily, the selenium content of the planting crops is effectively increased, and multiple nutritional ingredients rich in the conditioner are beneficial to increasing the yield of the planting crops.

Description

Selenium activation method for planting soil

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a selenium activation method for planting soil.

Background

Selenium is a trace element necessary for human and animal health, has biological characteristics of free radical removal, oxidation resistance, aging delay, cancer resistance, immunity enhancement, heavy metal antagonism and the like, has various pharmacological effects of cancer resistance, heart and liver protection, immunity enhancement, aging delay, reproductive function enhancement and the like, is praised as 'vital fire', 'king of cancer resistance' and 'heart guard' by scientists, and the immunity is greatly reduced and the risk of infecting various highly pathogenic viral diseases is obviously increased due to the selenium deficiency of human bodies. In 1988, the Chinese Nutrition society lists trace element selenium as one of dietary nutrients which must be taken by residents in China every day, and recommends that the daily selenium intake is 50-250mg, but the average daily selenium intake of adults in China is only about 36 mg.

Selenium sources of human bodies are mainly ingested by diet, and selenium-rich agricultural and sideline products are effective ways for supplementing selenium elements to human bodies, so that the development of selenium-rich agricultural products is a hot spot field for research and development of scientists. Since selenium is associated with metal sulfides in the earth crust and exists in the form of rocks, although selenium in the rocks cannot be absorbed by crops, the selenium in the rocks can be converted into oxides through weathering, erosion, physical, chemical, microbial and other actions, and then the oxides are washed into soil to form various forms of selenium, such as elemental selenium, organic selenium, selenite, selenate and the like. Selenium in soil can be divided into: selenate, selenite, elemental selenium, and selenide; according to the binding type, the method can be divided into: soluble state and weak adsorption state, exchangeable state, carbonate binding state, iron manganese oxide binding state, organic matter binding state, residue state and the like. Selenium in different valence states and different combination states has different migration and transformation capacities in soil and different effectiveness on plants, so that the effective selenium content in the soil is a key factor determining the selenium content in the plants rather than full selenium. The effectiveness of selenium is influenced by soil total selenium, soil texture, soil pH, Eh, organic matter, etc., wherein soluble, exchangeable and carbonate bound selenium is most effective for crop absorption.

About two thirds of areas in China belong to internationally recognized selenium-deficient areas, wherein nearly one third of areas belong to serious selenium deficiency, so that 70% of people live in the selenium-deficient areas in China, and especially, keshan disease and Kaschin-Beck disease patients in certain areas in Tibet are caused by long-term selenium deficiency in the living areas. According to the investigation of the selenium content in the soil of the Tibet region, the total selenium content in the soil of the Tibet region is low, and the selenium content is regularly distributed in strips. However, in the area of the south of bujiang in Yaluzang, most areas of the south of the mountain, the first line of Yadong county, Baba county, Karma county, Jiangzui county and Lanka county of the selenium-rich area of Chuchu river, and the areas of the Ritudinian county and Zadao county in the Ali area in the west, the total selenium content in the soil is more than twice of the total selenium content in the soil of other areas in Tibet, and the standard of the medium-selenium soil can be achieved. Therefore, the development of selenium-rich products in Tibet areas becomes possible, and on one hand, the selenium nutrition level of Tibetan residents can be safely and effectively improved; on the other hand, the development of selenium-rich agricultural and livestock products is increased under the ecological environment of the clean soil in Tibet, and the product quality and the market competitiveness are improved.

However, the current investigation aiming at the total selenium content in the soil of the Tibet region is not accurate enough to find out the regional distribution position of the selenium-containing soil in the main agricultural region of the Tibet, and on the other hand, the unique geographical environment and climate of the Tibet region also influence the effective selenium content in the soil. Therefore, how to effectively improve the content and the state of effective selenium in the soil in the Tibet region and further develop selenium-rich agricultural products with Tibet characteristics can provide solid technical support for the construction of plateau ecological selenium cereals in Tibet and has important practical significance and necessity for accelerating the industrialization process of Tibet farming and animal husbandry. Therefore, the development of a method suitable for selenium activation of planting soil has positive significance for the planting development of selenium-rich crops.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a selenium activation method for planting soil, which can effectively improve the content of effective selenium in the soil so as to promote the selenium content of crops to be planted.

In order to solve the technical problem, the selenium activation method for the planting soil comprises the steps of applying a selenium activation conditioner to the planting soil before seeding crops;

the selenium-activated conditioner comprises a mixture of modified residual activated sludge, an activated solid matrix and an EM microbial inoculum.

Specifically, the mass ratio of the modified residual activated sludge to the activated solid material to the EM microbial inoculum is 3-8: 10: 0.5-1.

Specifically, the modification method of the modified excess activated sludge comprises the following steps: and adding the residual activated sludge into an electrolyte solution containing ionic liquid, carrying out hydrothermal electrolyte reaction, and collecting the discharged activated sludge to obtain the activated sludge.

Specifically, the selenium activation method for the planting soil comprises the following steps:

the electrolyte solution comprises a soluble calcium salt solution; preferably, the electrolyte solution comprises a calcium chloride solution;

the concentration of the electrolyte solution is 30-80 mmol/L.

the ionic liquid comprises choline chloride ionic liquid;

in the electrolyte solution, the concentration of the ionic liquid is 50-100 mmol/L.

Specifically, the temperature of the hydrothermal electrolyte reaction step is 50-80 ℃, and the pressure is normal pressure.

Specifically, the solid matrix comprises a mixture of human and animal excreta, citric acid residues, nut shell powder, egg shell powder and highland barley bran.

Specifically, the mass ratio of the human and animal excreta, the citric acid residues, the nut shell powder, the egg shell powder and the highland barley bran is 1-3: 3-8: 2-4: 2-8: 1-5.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the human and animal excreta, the citric acid residues, the nut shell powder, the egg shell powder and the highland barley bran is 2: 5: 3: 5: 3.

specifically, the solid matrix is crushed and sieved, and the sieving step is drying by passing through a 80-100-mesh sieve.

Specifically, the nut shell powder comprises walnut shell powder and/or Chinese chestnut shell powder.

Specifically, the application amount of the selenium activation conditioner is 30-50 kg/mu.

The selenium activation method for the planting soil of the invention activates the selenium element of the planting soil by applying the selected selenium activation conditioner in the soil before the crops are planted, and the conditioner for promoting the selenium activation of the soil, human and animal excreta, citric acid residues, nut shell powder, egg shell powder and highland barley bran are taken as solid substrates, the activity of residual activated sludge treated by hydrothermal electrolyte reaction and the improvement performance of EM microbial inoculum on soil are taken as auxiliary materials, can effectively improve the property of planting soil, convert selenium element in the soil into effective selenium which is easier to absorb, the activation of selenium element in the soil can be realized, the effective selenium content in the soil is increased, the selenium absorption of highland barley crops is promoted to a certain extent, the selenium-rich crops are easier to plant, the selenium content of the planted crops is effectively improved, and the conditioner is rich in various nutritional ingredients and is beneficial to improving the yield of the planted crops.

Detailed Description

Example 1

The selenium-activated conditioner comprises the following components in a mass ratio of 5: 10: 0.8 of a mixture of modified excess activated sludge, activated solid substrate and EM inoculum; wherein,

the modification method of the modified residual activated sludge comprises the following steps: placing the residual activated sludge with the water content of more than 90% in a jacket enamel reaction kettle, adding a calcium chloride solution with the concentration of 50mmol/L as an electrolyte solution (the electrolyte solution contains choline chloride with the concentration of 80 mmol/L), fully and uniformly mixing, controlling the hydrothermal temperature to be 60 ℃, carrying out hydrothermal electrolyte reaction for 2 hours, and collecting the activated sludge discharged from the reaction kettle;

the solid matrix comprises a mixture of 2: 5: 3: 5: 3, crushing the mixed solid matrix, and sieving the crushed solid matrix by a sieve of 80 to 100 meshes to obtain the mixture of human and animal excrement, citric acid residues, walnut shell powder, egg shell powder and highland barley bran;

the EM microbial inoculum is EM stock solution.

According to the method for selenium activation of planting soil, the selenium activation conditioner is applied to the planting soil before crop sowing, preferably during soil turning and deep ploughing treatment before planting, and the application amount of the selenium activation conditioner is 30-50 kg/mu.

Example 2

The selenium-activated conditioner comprises the following components in a mass ratio of 3: 10: 1, a mixture of modified excess activated sludge, activated solid matrix and EM microbial inoculum; wherein,

the modification method of the modified residual activated sludge comprises the following steps: placing the residual activated sludge with the water content of more than 90% in a jacket enamel reaction kettle, adding a calcium chloride solution with the concentration of 30mmol/L as an electrolyte solution (the electrolyte solution contains choline chloride with the concentration of 100 mmol/L), fully and uniformly mixing, controlling the hydrothermal temperature to be 50 ℃ to perform hydrothermal electrolyte reaction for 2 hours, and collecting the activated sludge discharged from the reaction kettle to obtain the activated sludge;

the solid matrix comprises a mixture of 1: 8: 2: 8: 1, crushing the mixed solid matrix, and sieving the crushed solid matrix by a sieve of 80-100 meshes to obtain the mixture of human and animal excrements, citric acid residues, walnut shell powder, egg shell powder and highland barley bran;

the EM microbial inoculum is EM stock solution.

Example 3

The selenium-activated conditioner comprises, by mass, 8: 10: 0.5 of a mixture of modified excess activated sludge, activated solid substrate and EM inoculum; wherein,

the modification method of the modified residual activated sludge comprises the following steps: placing the residual activated sludge with the water content of more than 90% in a jacket enamel reaction kettle, adding a calcium chloride solution with the concentration of 80mmol/L as an electrolyte solution (the electrolyte solution contains choline chloride with the concentration of 50 mmol/L), fully and uniformly mixing, controlling the hydrothermal temperature to be 80 ℃ to perform hydrothermal electrolyte reaction for 2 hours, and collecting the activated sludge discharged from the reaction kettle to obtain the activated sludge;

the solid matrix comprises a mixture of 3: 3: 4: 2: 5, mixing human and animal excrements, citric acid residues, Chinese chestnut shell powder, egg shell powder and highland barley bran, crushing the mixed solid matrix, and sieving the crushed solid matrix by a sieve of 80-100 meshes to obtain the product;

the EM microbial inoculum is EM stock solution.

Comparative example 1

The selenium activated conditioner of this comparative example differs from example 1 only in that the excess activated sludge was not subjected to the hydrothermal electrolyte reaction treatment step, but was directly mixed with the solid matrix and EM inoculum.

Comparative example 2

The selenium activated conditioner of this comparative example differs from example 1 only in that the electrolyte solution does not contain the choline chloride in the hydrothermal electrolyte reaction.

Comparative example 3

The selenium activated conditioner of this comparative example differs from example 1 only in that in the hydrothermal electrolyte reaction, the electrolyte solution does not contain choline chloride and an equivalent amount of imidazolium chloride type ionic liquid (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride) is added.

Comparative example 4

The selenium activated conditioner of this comparative example differs from example 1 only in that in the hydrothermal electrolyte reaction, the electrolyte solution is an equal concentration sodium chloride solution.

Comparative example 5

The selenium activated conditioner of this comparative example differs from example 1 only in that it does not contain the EM microbial inoculum.

Examples of the experiments

Respectively selecting 7 planting plots with basically similar soil quality, and detecting the average selenium content of the soil to be 0.38mg/kg and the effective selenium content to be 85.9 mug/kg through multiple points.

Respectively planting highland barley in the planting plots according to a conventional planting mode, adding the conditioner in the embodiment 1 and the comparative examples 1-5 into planting soil according to the addition amount of 30 kg/mu and fully and uniformly turning when turning the soil before sowing, and taking the plot without the conditioner as a negative control.

The planting method of the selenium-rich highland barley comprises the following steps:

(1) land preparation: selecting a planting land block with good irrigation conditions, proper fertility and ideal selenium content, deep ploughing and fine harrowing before planting, adding the selenium activation conditioner into soil of the planting land block according to the dosage of 30 kg/mu, and applying a base fertilizer according to a conventional planting mode, wherein the application dosage per mu of the base fertilizer is as follows: 1800kg of organic fertilizer, 5kg of urea and 30 kg/mu of potassium sulfate are completely applied into soil for soil preparation;

(2) sowing: selecting high-quality highland barley seeds, removing mildew and impurities, drying the seeds in the sun, and carrying out seed dressing treatment with a conventional dose by using 50% carbendazim wettable powder; sowing in late March, wherein machine-row sowing is adopted for sowing, the row spacing is controlled to be 20cm, the sowing depth is controlled to be about 5cm, and the sowing quantity per mu is controlled to be about 12 kg;

(3) topdressing: weeding and watering are carried out during the two-leaf one-heart period of the highland barley, and 5 kg/mu of urea is applied; in the period of highland barley jointing, 5 kg/mu of urea and 3 kg/mu of potassium sulfate are applied; and carrying out topdressing outside roots at a proper period, and properly topdressing 2 wt% of boron fertilizer and 1 wt% of monopotassium phosphate for spraying;

(4) irrigation: reasonable irrigation is carried out in the seedling emergence period, the flowering period and the irrigation channel of the highland barley; the watering amount is not suitable for one-time transition, a small amount of water and fertilizer are properly controlled in the early stage of jointing, so that the surface layer of the soil is in a drier state, the soil is favorable for the consolidation of the basal internodes, and the anti-falling capability is enhanced;

(6) and (6) harvesting at proper time.

After harvesting the highland barley, the total selenium content, the effective selenium content in the soil and the selenium content in the dried highland barley malt were respectively tested and recorded in the following table 1.

Table 1 shows the results of the determination of selenium content in soil and highland barley treated by the selenium activation method

Numbering	Total selenium content (μ g/kg)	Effective selenium content (μ g/kg)	Highland barley malt selenium content (mg/kg)
				Example 1	48.7	15.5	393.1
Comparative example 1	133.5	17.9	264.7
				Comparative example 2	99.2	15.4	291.6
Comparative example 3	88.9	17.3	347.4
				Comparative example 4	78.2	16.2	377.9
Comparative example 5	70.3	22.6	338.8
				Negative control	227.1	19.6	100.9

As can be seen from the data in the table, the selenium activating method for the planting soil can activate the selenium in the soil by applying the selected selenium activating conditioner in the soil before planting the crops, so that the content of the effective selenium in the soil is effectively increased, the selenium absorption of the highland barley crops is promoted to a certain extent, and the selenium content of the highland barley is also increased.

It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A selenium activation method for planting soil is characterized by comprising the steps of applying a selenium activation conditioner to the planting soil before crop seeding;

2. The selenium activation method for planting soil according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the modified excess activated sludge to the activated solid material to the EM microbial inoculum is 3-8: 10: 0.5-1.

3. The selenium activation method for planting soil according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the modification method of the modified excess activated sludge is as follows: and adding the residual activated sludge into an electrolyte solution containing ionic liquid, carrying out hydrothermal electrolyte reaction, and collecting the discharged activated sludge to obtain the activated sludge.

4. The selenium activation method for planting soil according to claim 3, wherein:

the electrolyte solution comprises a soluble calcium salt solution;

the concentration of the electrolyte solution is 30-80 mmol/L.

5. The selenium activation method for planting soil according to claim 3 or 4, wherein:

the ionic liquid comprises choline chloride ionic liquid;

6. The selenium activation method for planting soil according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the temperature of the hydrothermal electrolyte reaction step is 50 to 80 ℃ and the pressure is normal pressure.

7. The method of selenium activation in planting soil according to any of claims 1-6, wherein said solid substrate comprises a mixture of human and animal manure, citric acid residues, nut shell flour, egg shell flour and highland barley bran.

8. The selenium activation method for planting soil according to claim 7, wherein the mass ratio of human and animal excrement, citric acid residues, nut shell powder, egg shell powder and highland barley bran is 1-3: 3-8: 2-4: 2-8: 1-5.

9. The selenium activation method for planting soil of any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the nut shell flour comprises walnut shell flour and/or chestnut shell flour.

10. The method of selenium activation for planting soil according to any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the amount of selenium activation conditioner applied is 30-50 kg/acre.