CN103181317A - Plug seedling substrate of tomatoes and preparation method - Google Patents
Plug seedling substrate of tomatoes and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103181317A CN103181317A CN2013101006231A CN201310100623A CN103181317A CN 103181317 A CN103181317 A CN 103181317A CN 2013101006231 A CN2013101006231 A CN 2013101006231A CN 201310100623 A CN201310100623 A CN 201310100623A CN 103181317 A CN103181317 A CN 103181317A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a plug seedling substrate of tomatoes and a preparation method. Peat is taken as the material; excrements of livestocks are taken as earthworm foodstuff; environment suitable for the growth of earthworms is provided; wormcast which is processed and generated by the earthworms is sieved to obtain wormcast compost with the grain size being 1-4mm; and the peat and the wormcast compost are fully mixed; mineral materials with a certain fineness such as expandable vermiculite, perlite and the like are added to improve the physical properties and the buffer performance of the substrate to generate a novel tomato seedling substrate. The percent by volume of various components are that the peat accounts for 15-25%, the wormcast compost accounts for 55-65%, the expandable gardening vermiculite accounts for 5-15% and the perlite accounts for 5-15%. The plug seedling substrate disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simplicity in preparation method, richness in resource, low cost of materials, turning waste into wealth, reducing environmental pollution and sufficient nutrient. The plug seedling substrate is used for the plug seedling of tomatoes, eliminates top application during seedling raising, improves the quality of tomato seedlings and reduces the pesticide application. Thus, the seedling quality is ensured, the cost and the labor are saved and the survival and the high-quality and efficient growth of the tomato seedlings, the yield and the construction of quality are ensured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of medium for tomato plug seedlings and preparation method, belong to the substrate seedling technical field.
Background technology
Substrate seedling refers in certain place or container to sprout for crop seed and growth of seedling provides the place by matrix, fixedly crop root and make it to absorb the crop seedling method of nutriment and oxygen.According to the development trend of seedling raising manners, substrate seedling will become the main flow seedling raising manners.Seedling medium refers to and can sprout and the stable somatomedin of coordinating to provide the life factors such as water, fertilizer, gas, heat of growth of seedling for crop seed, it except support, fixedly seed and the seedling, the more important thing is the carrier that serves as nutrient and moisture, make from the nutrition of himself with from the nutrient in the environment and moisture and be able to effective supply and buffering, seed can be sprouted smoothly, and seedlings root can absorb in required ratio selectivity.
Aspect the matrix production application, China has part manufacturer production organic substrate, but quality is stablized inadequately, safety is not high.For the growing seedlings of name, spy, excellent crop varieties, still quite vast scale uses the import seedling medium in the production, and cost is higher.In recent years, discover part introducing product and technology, technology and produce actual not in full conformity with China, some can cause soil compaction, penetrating bad, environmental problem such as nutrient loss is serious, and the generation of phenomenon such as in the seedling raising process, crop is weak to absorption imbalance, the seedling growing way of various essential nutrient elements, quality descends, the edaphon diversity reduces, self-regulating function weakens.
The tomato in China plantation is very extensive, and tomato planting has become one of main economic crops in Xiuqian City, Jiangsu, and forms the scale industry that has much local characteristic.But the continuous cropping obstacle problem of greenhouse tomato has had a strong impact on the sustainable development of tomato planting industry, improves the tomato seedling quality and becomes a key factor improving tomato growth and improve tomato yield, quality.Seek the seedling medium quality raw materials, innovation seedling medium production technology for market provides safe and reliable seedling medium, is the basic need that guarantees the sustainable development of tomato industry.
Problems such as the continuous increase of the organic solid rubbish that the residue problem of China's large-scale cultivation field feces of livestock and poultry and farm and sideline product processing industry produce are outstanding day by day.Therefore research and development not only had been fit to tomato in China production reality but also good seedling medium that can the harmless treatment organic solid castoff has realistic meaning.
Summary of the invention
Target of the present invention just is rationally to utilize a large amount of organic solid castoff resources in conjunction with kind, aquaculture structure, and the efficient cheap tomato point disk seedling growing dedicated substrate of exploitation safe and high quality is in the hope of helping the continuous cropping obstacle problem of solution tomato.
The present invention is achieved in that and adopts silkworm excrement that local sericulture produces and enterprise to extract that last stevia stalk residue is major ingredient behind the steviol glycoside, carrying out appropriateness becomes thoroughly decomposed to clear up with earthworm and transforms the high-quality wormcast granule that just obtains behind the manure of livestock and poultry and carry out composite, add a certain proportion of mineral auxiliary material, be mixed with a kind of safe, economical, efficient, can coordinate to supply tomato seeds is sprouted and growth of seedling to the needs of water, fertilizer, gas, heat, comprehensively improve the functional seedling medium of melon seedling quality, enhancing melon seedling resistance.
The preparation method of medium for tomato plug seedlings involved in the present invention comprises the steps:
1) peat that obtains is carried out fragmentation, screening, obtain physical property and the good peat material of chemical property.
2) with feces of livestock and poultry as the earthworm foodstuff, the environment of suitable earthworm growth is provided, will be screened into the wormcast granule of 1-4mm particle diameter through the wormcast that earthworm is handled generation;
3) with percent by volume be: peat 15-25%, wormcast compost 55-65% as basic material, add the 5-15% particle diameter and be physical behavior and shock-absorbing capacity that the expansibility vermiculite of 1-4mm and mineral materials such as perlite that the 5-15% particle diameter is 1-4mm improve matrix.
4) in every side's matrix, allocate urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the ferrous sulfate fertilizer of 0-1 kilogram on demand respectively into, the later stage is taken off power to prevent from growing seedlings.
Advantage of the present invention:
1. strengthen the recycling of organic solid castoff.Local flourishing aquaculture produces a large amount of fowl and animal excrements, utilize earthworm directly plant's biomass castoff to be cleared up, transformed, can obtain the very good wormcast compost of physicochemical character, wherein Feng Fu microbial diversity can suppress the generation of the soil-borne disease of various crop.The wormcast compost is allocated matrix into, can make the physical behavior of matrix and biological character be improved significantly, make the reluctant ight soil of some scale fowl and livestock farms that the place to go of a safety is arranged simultaneously.
2. nutrient is comprehensive, the ratio balance.The rational formula of medium for tomato plug seedlings has solved common seedling medium water, fertilizer, gas, heat effectively can not satisfy fully well that tomato germinates, the problem of emergence and growth demand.The compound seedling medium of this novel organic-inorganic is content of organic matter height not only, and nutrient component is comprehensive, the ratio balance coordination, the whole nursery stage growth of tomato can both be obtained fully and the nutrition supply of coordinating, effectively promote the tomato seedling growth, guarantee the tomato seedling better quality, improve tomato and transplant quality, tomato is highly efficient and productive to lay the foundation in order finally to obtain.The tomato seedling that utilizes this NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE matrix to bring out, well developed root system, the seedling stem is sturdy, transplants back survival rate height, and adaptability is strong; The tomato seedling that utilizes this NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE matrix to bring out is cultivated the generation that can prevent the tomato continuous cropping obstacle to a certain extent.
3. simplified the process of matrix preparation, improved the quality of tomato seedling, reduced fertilising and wait the step of growing seedlings, reduced cost.
4. promote the sustainable development that high-efficiency agriculture is produced.The tomato seedling substrate technology is carried out integrated innovation, and the professional etiquette of going forward side by side modelling is produced, and at the garden large-scale demonstration, promotes the application in a wider context of this achievement.Can realize organic solid castoff harmless treatment and recycling on the one hand, protection rural ecological environment; Solve the tomato point disk seedling growing on the other hand effectively and lack the cheap seedling medium problem of safety, improve facility utilization rate, promote the sound development of greenhouse tomato plant husbandry better.The research of tomato seedling substrate, develop and promote the use of, be conducive to the sustainable development that promotes that the local characteristic high-efficiency agriculture is produced, promote the local economy progress, increase farmers' income.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the preparation flow figure of tomato seedling substrate of the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to make purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explaining the present invention, and be not used in restriction the present invention.
The invention discloses a kind of medium for tomato plug seedlings and preparation method thereof, be material with peat, with feces of livestock and poultry as the earthworm foodstuff, the environment of suitable earthworm growth is provided, to handle the wormcast compost that the wormcast that produces is screened into the 1-4mm particle diameter through earthworm, peat and wormcast compost are fully mixed, and mineral materials such as the expansibility vermiculite of interpolation certain fineness and perlite improve physical behavior and the shock-absorbing capacity of matrix, form novel tomato seedling substrate.The percent by volume of each component is: peat 15-25%, wormcast compost 55-65%, expansibility gardening vermiculite 5-15%, perlite 5-15%.
Embodiment 1
With each component by volume percentage be: peat 15-25%, earthworm excrement 55-65%, vermiculite 5-15%, perlite 5-15% fully mixes and makes novel tomato seedling substrate.In every side's matrix, allocate urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the ferrous sulfate fertilizer of 0-1 kilogram on demand respectively into, fully mixing.The particle diameter of vermiculite, perlite, wormcast is 1-4mm.
Test:
1 materials and methods
1.1 trial crops kind and host material trial crops kind are precious big 906 tomatoes.Host material comprises: vermiculite, perlite, earthworm excrement.The earthworm excrement is cleared up wormcast after the cow dung from earthworm.The assay determination of test material is with reference to the soil agrochemistry analytical method
[15-16]The main physical and chemical of material sees Table 1.
The main physical and chemical of table 1 test material
1.2 test method
Tested on January 30,20 days to 2011 December in 2010 and in green vegetables garden, Xiuqian City vegetables specialty cooperative society plastic tunnel, carry out.Test the peat in the wormcast alternative composite matrix of establishing 4 usage ratio.Each handles peat in the composite interstitial substance: wormcast: vermiculite: perlitic ratio is respectively: 8: 0: 1: 1 (handle 0, contrast), 6: 2: 1: 1 (handling 1), 4: 4: 1: 1 (handling 2), 2: 6: 1: 1 (handling 3), 0: 8: 1: 1 (handling 4).For the later stage that prevents from growing seedlings is taken off power, in composite interstitial substance, add urea 0.5kg/ side and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5kg/ side, standby behind the abundant mixing of each component of fertilizer and matrix.Container for plant growth adopts plastics standard cave, 72 hole dish, and each is handled and all establishes 3 repetitions.Statistics percentage of seedgermination when broadcasting the neat seedling in back when seedling growth test finishes, to respectively repeating equal stochastical sampling 10 strains, measures respectively that plant height, basic stem are thick, degree of development, root be long, takes by weighing tomato growth indexs such as overground part quality, underground part quality.
1.3 assay method and data analysis
The plant height of tomato seedling, root length are measured with ruler.The plant height starting point is the stem bottom, and terminal point is growing point; It is long that root length is only measured maximum root; Stem slightly then adopts slide measure to measure, and measures the diameter of cotyledon lower end stem; The bright quality of overground part, the bright quality electronic balance weighing of underground part; The seedling dry mass is after root matrix is cleaned overground part and the underground part of seedling to be put into baking oven respectively, and 105 ℃ completed 15 minutes, dried to constant weight under 80 ℃ then, used electronic balance weighing.Gained The data Excel office software carries out statistical analysis.
2 results and analysis
2.1 the influence that the composite interstitial substance proportioning is germinateed to tomato
The germination of after planting the 8th day statistics seed, related data is listed in table 2.As can be seen from Table 2, earthworm excrement granule all has appreciable impact to the different substitute proportions of peat to germination rate and the germination vigor of tomato seeds.The processing 3 tomato seeds germination rates of allocating 60% earthworm excrement granule into are the highest, reach 95.4%, exceed 2.5% than contrast.Along with the further raising of earthworm excrement ratio in the matrix, the tomato seeds germination rate descends to some extent, and earthworm excrement ratio reaches at 80% o'clock, and the tomato seeds germination rate drops to 94.3%.May be too much to allocate the salt content that the earthworm excrement has improved matrix in the matrix into, the germination that goes out tomato seeds causes adverse effect.Equally, the influence that is subjected to of the suffered influence of tomato seeds germination vigor and germination rate is in full accord.
Table 2 composite interstitial substance is to the influence of tomato seeds germination rate and germination vigor
2.2 the composite interstitial substance proportioning is to the influence of tomato seedling morphological index
Table 3 has been listed the composite interstitial substance proportioning to tomato seedling plant height and the thick influence of stem.It can be seen from the table, along with the increase of the alternative peat ratio of wormcast in the composite interstitial substance, tomato seedling totally is the back downward trend that rises earlier on plant height and the thick index of stem.Wherein, processing 3 tomato plant heights and the stem of allocating 60% earthworm excrement granule into are slightly maximum, have reached 13.85cm and 0.37mm respectively, are higher than contrast 16.4% and 42.3% respectively.Tomato seedling degree of development also is subjected to similar influence, and the degree of development of allocating processing 3 tomatoes of 60% earthworm excrement granule into is 14.1cm, exceeds 9.5% than contrast.The maximum root of tomato is long to reach 16.27cm equally to handle 3 maximums, is higher than contrast 39.1%.From the growing state of tomato root system, the processing 4 that wormcast substitutes peat fully shows the growth that is unfavorable for the tomato lateral root, and observes tomato root system color and be lark, the phenomenon that oxidizing force obviously descends.
Table 3 composite interstitial substance proportioning is thick to tomato seedling plant height, stem, degree of development and the long influence of maximum root
| Handle | Plant height (cm) | Stem thick (mm) | Degree of development (cm) | Maximum root long (cm) |
| 0 | 11.88 | 0.26 | 12.93 | 11.74 |
| 1 | 12.01 | 0.28 | 13.08 | 12.98 |
| 2 | 12.97 | 0.33 | 13.63 | 14.52 |
| 3 | 13.85 | 0.37 | 14.12 | 16.27 |
| 4 | 12.13 | 0.34 | 13.96 | 15.43 |
2.3 the composite interstitial substance proportioning is to the influence of tomato seedling amount of growth
Listed data show in the table 4, and along with the increase of wormcast ratio in the composite interstitial substance, the amount of growth of tomato seedling comprises that overground part fresh weight and dry weight all present the back downward trend that rises earlier.The maximum of overground part fresh weight and dry weight all appears at handles 3, secondly for handling 2; Underground part fresh weight and dry weight maximum all appear at handles 2, secondly for handling 3.No matter be the root/shoot ratio size that calculates from according to fresh weight or dry weight, the raising that also all shows with the wormcast allocation ratio presents the back downward trend that rises earlier, and too high wormcast ratio also can cause the decline of tomato seedling root/shoot ratio.
Table 4 composite interstitial substance proportioning is to the influence of tomato seedling amount of growth
3 brief summaries
(1) the composite interstitial substance wormcast for tomato seedling can substitute peat to a great extent.Wormcast substitute the peat ratio what the tomato point disk seedling growing is germinateed with growth certain influence is arranged.But in the matrix during earthworm excrement too high levels, can be because its higher salt content, and cause the tomato seeds germination rate to reduce, and in whole growth of seedling process to comprising that overground part and underground part amount of growth produce inhibitory action.
(2) compare with the peat growing medium that does not contain wormcast, all contain the matrix treatments of wormcast, tomato seeds germination rate and germination vigor all increase, in the tomato growth process, all be improved to some extent on long, the overground part of thick, the degree of development of its plant height, stem, maximum root and the growth indexes such as underground part aquatic foods, dry weight, the most outstanding at the 40%-60% action effect with the wormcast ratio.Take all factors into consideration, recommend 60% wormcast as the reference ratio of tomato seedling substrate.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limiting the present invention, all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, is equal to and replaces and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a medium for tomato plug seedlings is characterized in that, this matrix is that the expansibility vermiculite mixed preparing by peat, wormcast compost, particle diameter 1-4mm forms; Peat, wormcast compost, vermiculite, perlitic percent by volume are: peat 15-25%, and wormcast 55-65%, vermiculite 5-15%, perlite 5-15%, after preparing, every side's matrix is added urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ferrous sulfate 0-1 kilogram respectively.
2. medium for tomato plug seedlings according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described wormcast compost is that the wormcast that the manure of livestock and poultry toilet obtains is cleared up, transformed to earthworm.
3. medium for tomato plug seedlings according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described wormcast particle diameter is 1-4mm.
4. medium for tomato plug seedlings according to claim 1, the particle diameter that it is characterized in that described expansibility vermiculite is 1-4mm.
5. the preparation method of a medium for tomato plug seedlings is characterized in that, this preparation method may further comprise the steps:
1) with the peat that obtains, through broken, screening, become total porosity greater than 80%, the peat material of water holding space and the ratio about 6/1 in ventilation space;
2) with feces of livestock and poultry as the earthworm foodstuff, keep containing amount of moisture relatively at 70%-85%, cultivate earthworm, will be screened into the excrement earthworm dunghill fertilizer of 1-4mm particle diameter through the wormcast that earthworm is handled generation;
3) with percent by volume be: peat 15-25%, wormcast compost 55-65% be as basic material, adds the 5%-15% particle diameter and be the expansibility vermiculite of 1-4mm and perlite that the 5%-15% particle diameter is 1-4mm and be mixed and made into medium for tomato plug seedlings on this basis; Being equipped with expansibility vermiculite and perlitic particle diameter is 1-4mm;
4) growing-seedling period is long or when needing cultivating large seedling, adds urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ferrous sulfate 0-1 kilogram in every side's matrix respectively.
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| CN103392571A (en) * | 2013-07-16 | 2013-11-20 | 如皋市天寿生物科技开发有限公司 | Functional flower and plant cultivation substrate |
| CN104255420A (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2015-01-07 | 天津市植物保护研究所 | Melon disease prevention and growth promotion seedling cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN104429709A (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2015-03-25 | 南京农业大学 | Strawberry seedling substrate prepared from earthworm cast, and production method and application thereof |
| CN104446880A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Vegetable seedling substrate prepared from livestock and poultry excrements as main raw materials and preparation method of vegetable seedling substrate |
| CN104478550A (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2015-04-01 | 南京农业大学 | Tea residue worm excretion matrix suitable for tomato seedling growth, and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103392571A (en) * | 2013-07-16 | 2013-11-20 | 如皋市天寿生物科技开发有限公司 | Functional flower and plant cultivation substrate |
| CN104255420A (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2015-01-07 | 天津市植物保护研究所 | Melon disease prevention and growth promotion seedling cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN104255420B (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2016-07-13 | 天津市植物保护研究所 | A kind of seedling medium of melon diseases prevention growth promoting and preparation method thereof |
| CN104446880A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Vegetable seedling substrate prepared from livestock and poultry excrements as main raw materials and preparation method of vegetable seedling substrate |
| CN104478550A (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2015-04-01 | 南京农业大学 | Tea residue worm excretion matrix suitable for tomato seedling growth, and preparation method thereof |
| CN104429709A (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2015-03-25 | 南京农业大学 | Strawberry seedling substrate prepared from earthworm cast, and production method and application thereof |
| CN104719112A (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2015-06-24 | 云南思农蔬菜种业发展有限责任公司 | Substrate for culturing high-quality strong tomato seedlings in dry and hot areas |
| CN104982252B (en) * | 2015-07-01 | 2018-07-20 | 江苏中农肥业有限公司 | A method of preparing vegetable seedling substrate by agricultural wastes |
| CN104982252A (en) * | 2015-07-01 | 2015-10-21 | 江苏中农肥业有限公司 | Method for preparing vegetable seedling culture substrate from agricultural wastes |
| CN105613103A (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2016-06-01 | 扬州大学 | Method for synthesizing artificial soil from sediment |
| CN106495838A (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2017-03-15 | 常州市鼎日环保科技有限公司 | A kind of plant seed resists the preparation method of cold organic culture substrate |
| CN106747818A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-05-31 | 浙江大学 | A kind of flower seedling raising matrix of new mixing residents in rural community compost |
| CN107926605A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-04-20 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of medium for tomato plug seedlings block and preparation method thereof |
| CN108029501A (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2018-05-15 | 天津市植物保护研究所 | A kind of vegetable nutrient diseases prevention seedling medium and preparation method and application |
| CN109566333A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-04-05 | 江苏培蕾基质科技发展有限公司 | A kind of dedicated seedling composite substrate of tomato |
| CN110235760A (en) * | 2019-07-24 | 2019-09-17 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Cultivation method of tomatoes in a kind of plant factor |
| CN113940253A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2022-01-18 | 中国科学院地球化学研究所 | Method for improving solid waste dredged sediment and resource utilization thereof |
| CN116018996A (en) * | 2022-11-09 | 2023-04-28 | 安徽国豪农业科技有限公司 | Vegetable strong seedling raising substrate |
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Application publication date: 20130703 |