CN101627706A - Vegetable seedling substrate compounded by earthworm casts and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Vegetable seedling substrate compounded by earthworm casts and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid organic waste biological digestion and recycling utilization, in particular to a vegetable seedling substrate compounded by earthworm casts and a preparation method thereof. The seedling substrate comprises the following main components of earthworm casts and vermiculite, wherein the water content of the earthworm casts is lower than 50 percent, and 0.23-0.46 kg/m<3> of N, 1.28-1.92kg/m<3> of P2O5, and 0.43-0.65 kg/m<3> of K2O are added in the mixture of the earthworm casts and the vermiculite. The substrate is prepared by mixing the earthworm casts and the vermiculite together in proportion firstly and than adding N, P and K as the prescription amount. The invention uses the high absorption property of the earthworm casts and the nutrient compounding technology to effectively solve the technical problem of the restriction on the quality improvement of the vegetable seedling substrate, facilitates the formation of strong seedlings and shortens seedling cycle.
Description
Technical field
This patent belongs to solid organic castoff biologically digesting and application technology as the second resource field, be the organic component of livestock and poultry farm clearer production technology, can directly apply to the special-purpose seedling medium production of recycling, vegetables of earthworm biologically digesting feces of livestock and poultry product etc.
Background technology
Wormcast is the product that earthworm is cleared up organic solid castoff, it is a kind of high-quality organic nutrient substance that fast development is in recent years got up, it is a kind of black, homogeneous, the class material in small, broken bits of nature Earthy Taste is arranged that its physical property is by the character of bait and the degree decision of earthworm digestion.Have good permeability, air capacity of soils, drainage and high water-holding capacity, very big surface area is arranged, make many beneficial microbes be survived and have good absorption and keep the ability of nutriment.Wormcast has good granular structure, and its profile is the little ball of diameter 1mm, is evenly mixed by mineral element and organic matter, organic volume 10-100 μ m
3, usually by the clay parcel of a bed thickness 10-30 μ m, organic matter is shielded on the organic matter.Wormcast is compared with angleworm bait (organic solid castoff), and the content of its soluble-salt, cation exchange property and content of humic acid are significantly increased, and organic matter transformation is stable humus class compound substance.Organic waste generally is alkalescence, and the growing environment slant acidity (pH6.0-6.5) of most plant hobby makes the feces of livestock and poultry of meta-alkalescence be tending towards neutral through handling by secretion organic acid in the digestion process of earthworm.Be rich in actinomycetes and bacterium in the wormcast.Discover that in cow dung and these two kinds of matrix of wormcast actinomycetic quantity is all than the height of orchard soil.Wherein the actinomycetes quantity in the wormcast is higher by 240.5% than orchard soil, cow dung then high 211.1%.Earthworm can alleviate the disease that is caused by disease fungus, and by the earthworm digestive tract time, the mycoma and the most of bacterium that enter in the body with food are killed, and have only spore of fungi and part bacterium still can keep vitality.Hormones such as gibberellin, growth hormone, the basic element of cell division are being brought into play important effect in the metabolism of plant, can influence plant growing and crop quality, wormcast not only has rich nutrient substances, also contains the various plants hormones such as GA, IAA of the hestening rooting of high level.Wormcast is rich in humic acid material simultaneously, and plant nutrition absorbs and albumen is synthetic and humus can influence.
The earthworm fecal energy improves the percentage of seedgermination that various crop comprises cereal, leguminous plant, flowers, vegetables and other field crops to some extent, promotes its growth, improves output, improves quality.Xue Jinjun etc. find in the orchard covers the test of organic materials inoculation earthworm, and after organic materials was eaten, is converted into wormcast by earthworm, growth had a large amount of new roots in the wormcast.Execute the fruit tree rhizosphere with the depot fertilizer that wormcast is mixed with, induced a large amount of new roots on wormcast, to grow, and obviously alleviated the generation of nutritional deficiency disease.Use wormcast and can improve the wild cabbage quality, reduce the wild cabbage nitrate content, improve Vitamin C content.Atiyeh etc. add wormcast and find in the greenhouse cultivating tomato, the commodity rate of tomato significantly raises behind interpolation 10%, 20% and 40% (volume ratio) wormcast, malformed fruit significantly reduces, and the output of tomato is the highest under 20% addition, reach the 5.1kg/ strain, the single fruit weight comparison is according to high by 12.4%.Use the activity that wormcast also can improve soil neutral phosphorus enzyme, protease, urase and sucrose etc., strengthen the fertilizer provision from soil performance.The wormcast that studies have shown that of Arancon etc. can influence nitrogen cycle speed and secretion auxin by increasing microbial numbers and activity, and the growing of strawberry, output are had significant facilitation.Add wormcast in the cultivation matrix and promoted the growth of romaine lettuce plant, and improved quality.The wormcast ratio is 30% to help the plant root growth most in the matrix, and ratio is 50% o'clock romaine lettuce the upperground part biomass maximum; When the wormcast ratio was 30%-50%, Pr, Vc, soluble sugar content obviously increased in romaine lettuce plants stems, the leaf, and NO
3 -Content reduces.
Different research both at home and abroad in recent years all finds, wormcast has certain value aspect the growing seedlings of booth vegetable horticultural crop etc.The researchers of Ohio State Univ-Columbus USA etc. add different amount wormcasts in the matrix of nursing young plants in hothouses, the upgrowth situation of research tomato seedling finds that the amount of growth of the tomato seedling that 25%-50% addition (volume ratio) is handled is significantly higher than other processing.Remove the processing of 100% (volume ratio) wormcast after having the researcher in the research of the seedling growth test of French Aztec marigold, to find to add wormcast, the root system of Aztec marigold is all significantly more than contrast, and growth and the productivity of 40% wormcast addition processing Aztec marigold all are significantly higher than contrast.This shows that an amount of interpolation wormcast can shorten seedling raise period, has great economic worth for factorial seedling growth.Domestic researcher thinks that the suitable wormcast of adding is made matrix cultivation pea seedlings dish in loess, and the pea seedlings dish is had tangible production-increasing function, and is wherein, best with the matrix general effect that contains the 15%-30% wormcast; Reduced behind adding stalk and the mushroom residue in the wormcast matrix and viewed and admired tomato strain high growth speed, improved leaf area growth; Wormcast composite interstitial substance different disposal is bloomed number, number of results, maximum single fruit weight and sugar/acid than having a significant effect to viewing and admiring tomato.Shang Qingmao etc. form composite interstitial substance with wormcast and vermiculite in the ratio of 2: 1 (v/v), add the CO (NH of varying number then
2)
2And KNO
3, be used for eggplant and capsicum point disk seedling growing.The result shows by adding an amount of inorganic fertilizer, can obviously improve the EC value of composite interstitial substance, improves emergence rate, seedling leaves chlorophyll content and the Net Photosynthetic Rate of seedling, significantly promotes growing of seedling plant.Shang Qingmao etc. spray after broadcasting N, the K fertilizer that dish seedling in wormcast matrix watermelon cave carries out variable concentrations simultaneously, the result shows and sprays the EC value that fertilizer can obviously improve matrix after broadcasting, significantly increase watermelon seedling leaves chlorophyll a, b and chlorophyll total amount, and then effectively promote the watermelon growth of seedlings to grow.Zhuo Shaoming etc. carry out cucumber seedling-raising by different proportion mixing pond sludge as matrix with difference storage period wormcast, inquire into different storage period wormcast to the influence of cucumber seedling-raising effect, the result shows that the fresh earthworm excrement of each ratio mixing pond sludge educates the effect that the effect of cucumber seedling all extremely significantly is better than old earthworm excrement mixing pond sludge.The warm tolerance to solanaceous vegetables cave dish seedling that studies have shown that when wormcast is made seedling medium of Zhang Zhigang etc. has certain influence; wormcast matrix can improve the warm tolerance of solanaceous vegetables cave dish seedling by protection or the relevant activities of antioxidant enzymes of raising to solanaceous vegetables cave dish seedling antioxidant system.Discovery wormcasts such as Xue Jinjun and cow dung induce the amount of the new root growth of longan to improve 342.3% and 231.6% respectively.
To sum up show, wormcast has very strong absorption and sustained release performance, can effectively control the release of nutrient, utilize wormcast to grow seedlings as seedling medium, not only can recycling earthworm excrement, promote earthworm to handle organic solid useless industry development, can also significantly improve the quality of seedlings, strengthen resistance, shorten seedling raise period, help cultivating strong sprout and factorial seedling growth.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of vegetable seedling substrate compounded by earthworm casts and preparation method thereof.
Traditional earthworm excrement utilization generally all needs the earthworm argol dry, can cause part beneficial microbe loss of activity in the earthworm excrement like this, and some useful organic matters decomposition also can take place and cause the earthworm excrement to lose the part beneficial effect in the earthworm excrement.The present invention proposes the direct composite matrix of fresh wormcast, can overcome this problem.
The present invention said fresh wormcast is meant from the earthworm digestion pool and collects, and without fermentation, the dry processing, is directly used in the wormcast of composite matrix.
The said vegetable seedling substrate compounded by earthworm casts of the present invention, main component are earthworm excrement and vermiculite, and the moisture content of earthworm excrement adds full N 0.23-0.46kg/m less than 50% in earthworm excrement and vermiculite mixture
3, P
2O
51.28-1.92kg/m
3, K
2O 0.43-0.65kg/m
3
A large amount of experiments are found, add the vermiculite of 1/3-1/5 volume in the earthworm excrement, more help forming strong sprout, the volume ratio of earthworm excrement and vermiculite be about 4: 1 comparatively suitable.In earthworm excrement and vermiculite mixture, add full N 0.23-0.46kg/m again
3, P
2O
51.28-1.92kg/m
3, K
2O 0.43-0.65kg/m
3, preferred full N 0.46kg/m
3, P
2O
51.60kg/m
3, K
2O 0.54kg/m
3, the most obvious to the overall beneficial effect of vegetable seedling.Inorganic N source adopts urea, P source to adopt superphosphate, K source to adopt potassium sulphate.
The mutual composite meeting of fertilizer of different nature produces different effects, if select improper meeting to reduce the biological effectiveness of nutriment, even causes the loss of nutriment, destroys the good physical form of matrix.The inorganic N source of this prescription adopts urea, P source to adopt superphosphate, K source to adopt potassium sulphate.When guaranteeing N, P, K nutrient content, can significantly reduce volatilization and the drip washing loss of N, improve the biological effectiveness of P and K simultaneously, guarantee that the adding of external source inorganic nutrients can not have a negative impact to vegetables germination rate and seedling.
Above-mentioned said vegetable seedling substrate compounded by earthworm casts obtains by following method: fresh earthworm excrement and vermiculite are stirred in proportion, then inorganic nutrient substance (N source, P source, K source) is pulverized the back and directly be added in the agitator by consumption, various materials stir and get final product.
Employed fresh earthworm excrement can be to obtain in the earthworm biological treatment feces of livestock and poultry process by routine among the present invention.So both realized the biological treatment of feces of livestock and poultry, again for the invention provides raw material.
Preferred earthworm excrement obtains step: (1) selection commodity is good, the earthworm kind of anti-high-moisture, tame into the work earthworm by bait stress-inducing method, adopt the bar buttress earthworm excrement thin layer soverlay technique earthworm of will working to be inoculated on the feces of livestock and poultry, cover by low temperature thin film, the mode that high temperature shades, the temperature of control earthworm working environment is at 5 ℃-30 ℃, control moisture at 60%-70% by the mode of artificial recharge and natural drying, feces of livestock and poultry can obtain taupe through earthworm clearing up about 15 days, and the material that the earth breath is arranged promptly is a wormcast.
(2) the earthworm excrement is collected: the earthworm excrement is collected in preceding 20 days and is stopped the feces of livestock and poultry of throwing something and feeding, and collects to stop to water in preceding 5 days, guarantees that earthworm excrement moisture content is lower than 50%.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in: traditional vegetable seedling substrate nutrient content is low, and shock-absorbing capacity is poor.If compound botanical nutriment in the matrix production process, particularly N element usually cause seed not sprout or burn seedling; But compound botanical nutriment not in the matrix production process also can cause the vegetable seedling growth middle and later periods, even growth early stage nutrient owes lacks takes place, and causes seedling raise period to prolong, and has reduced seedling quality.The present invention utilizes wormcast high absorption property and nutrient compounded technology effectively to solve this technical bottleneck of restriction lifting vegetable seedling substrate quality, promotes form strong sprout, shortens growing-seedling period.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the preparation flow figure of embodiment 1
Embodiment
Employed in the present invention term unless other explanation is arranged, generally has the implication of those of ordinary skills' common sense.
Below in conjunction with concrete preparation embodiment and Application Example, and comparable data is described the present invention in further detail.Should be understood that these embodiment just in order to demonstrate the invention, but not limit the scope of the invention by any way.
In following embodiment, various processes of Xiang Ximiaoshuing and method are not conventional methods as known in the art.The source of agents useful for same, trade name and be necessary to list its constituent person indicate when occurring first that all used thereafter identical reagent if no special instructions, and is all identical with the content of indicating first.
The preparation of the composite matrix of embodiment 1 the present invention
Preparation process is divided into (1) earthworm and handles feces of livestock and poultry acquisition earthworm excrement as shown in Figure 1; (2) the earthworm excrement is collected; (3) determine the material formula of N, P, K nutrient proportioning and composite nutrient; (4) matrix is composite; (5) finished product packing.
(1) earthworm biological treatment feces of livestock and poultry obtains the earthworm excrement;
The selection commodity is good, the earthworm kind of anti-high-moisture (as: flat No. two greatly), chooses robust growth, and energetic, the earthworm of epidermis light is tamed into the work earthworm by bait stress-inducing method.Adopt the bar buttress earthworm excrement thin layer soverlay technique earthworm of will working to be inoculated on the feces of livestock and poultry.Cover by low temperature thin film, the mode that high temperature shades, the temperature of control earthworm working environment is controlled moisture at 60%-70% at 5 ℃-30 ℃ by the mode of artificial recharge and natural drying.Feces of livestock and poultry can obtain taupe through earthworm clearing up about 15 days, and the material that the earth breath is arranged promptly is a wormcast.
(2) the earthworm excrement is collected;
The earthworm excrement is collected in preceding 20 days and is stopped the feces of livestock and poultry of throwing something and feeding, and impels earthworm fully to clear up bait, obtains high-quality earthworm excrement, stops to water in 5 days in advance simultaneously, guarantees that earthworm excrement moisture content is lower than 50%.Collect the earthworm excrement and should select fine weather, at first the top layer covering on the earthworm digestion pool is removed, use rake (the long 8cm of tooth then, tooth pitch 3-4cm) the digestion pool top layer is evenly turned over rake one time, the physiological property of utilizing earthworm to keep in dark place impels earthworm to move to bottom, turn on the top layer after 20 minutes does not have earthworm substantially in the wormcast of harrowing, this moment be installed in rectangle gatherer (long 40cm, the iron plate of wide 8cm) on the handle with top layer earthworm muck-rake to clearing up on the pool side, pack and get final product.
(3) determine the material formula of N, P, K nutrient proportioning and composite nutrient;
Dry run can make some beneficial microbe loss of activity in the earthworm excrement, and some useful organic matters take place to decompose and cause the earthworm excrement to lose the part beneficial effect, so this patent directly utilizes the fresh compounded by earthworm casts matrix of collecting.(volume ratio of earthworm excrement and vermiculite is 3-5: the gas porosity that 1) promotes matrix to add coarse grain vermiculite directly when composite in the earthworm excrement.In earthworm excrement and vermiculite mixture, add full N 0.23-0.46kg/m again
3, P
2O
51.28-1.92kg/m
3, K
2O 0.43-0.65kg/m
3, inorganic N source adopts urea, P source to adopt superphosphate, K source to adopt potassium sulphate, solves in the matrix the inharmonic problem of ratio between the not enough and macronutrient of inorganic nutrients total amount.
(4) matrix is composite;
Earlier fresh earthworm excrement and vermiculite are put into rotary agitator in proportion and evenly stirs, inorganic nutrient substance is pulverized then directly be added in the agitator by consumption then, various materials stir (about 5 minutes of whole process) and get final product.
(5) finished product packing.
Composite good matrix is directly being stacked in the warehouse under normal temperature condition, stablizes 24 hours, impels composite inorganic nutrient substance to transform, adsorb fully.Weighing then is with there being the packaging bags of plastics inner bag to get final product.
Embodiment 2: composite matrix is used for tomato and grows seedlings
Make matrix by following proportioning: the volume ratio of earthworm excrement and vermiculite is 3: 1, adds full N 0.23kg/m in earthworm excrement and vermiculite mixture again
3, P
2O
51.92kg/m
3, K
2O 0.43kg/m
3
With commercially available matrix (trade mark that green garden, Huai vegetables engineering Co., Ltd produces is a Huaihe River vegetables board organic substrate) is contrast, carries out the tomato breeding experiment on December 2 in then, examines seedling February 12 next year.Obviously be better than control commercial matrix from table 1-1 with the many index that table 1-2 tests composite matrix as can be seen: degree of development increases by 14.47%, plant height increases by 31.90%, the number of blade increases by 17.65%, stem is thick to increase by 14.02%, chlorophyll content increases by 14.81%, and total fresh weight increases by 5.87%, and fresh weight increases by 5.00% on the ground, underground fresh weight increases by 9.39%, and gross dry weight increases by 1.73%.Handling with the survival rate that contrasts does not have significant the variation, all is more than 95%.Composite matrix has obviously shortened the growing-seedling period of tomato.
Table 1-1: compounded by earthworm casts matrix is to the influence of tomato growth of seedling
Table 1-2: compounded by earthworm casts matrix is to the influence of tomato growth of seedling
Embodiment 3: composite matrix is used for eggplant seedling raising
Make matrix by following proportioning: the volume ratio of earthworm excrement and vermiculite is 4: 1, adds full N 0.46kg/m in earthworm excrement and vermiculite mixture again
3, P
2O
51.60kg/m
3, K
2O 0.54kg/m
3
With commercially available matrix (trade mark that green garden, Huai vegetables engineering Co., Ltd produces is a Huaihe River vegetables board organic substrate) is contrast, carries out the eggplant seedling raising experiment on January 1 in then, examines seedling on April 1.Obviously be better than control commercial matrix from table 2-1 with the many index that table 2-2 tests composite matrix as can be seen: degree of development increases by 54.52%, plant height increases by 50.50%, the number of blade increases by 26.47%, and stem slightly increases by 29.89%, and chlorophyll content increases by 23.81%, total fresh weight increases by 102.04%, gross dry weight increases by 97.54%, and fresh weight increases by 119.81% on the ground, and dry weight increases by 106.00% on the ground, underground fresh weight increases by 45.90%, and underground dry weight increases by 71.30%.The seedling percent of composite matrix is 2.5 times of control commercial matrix.Composite matrix has obviously shortened the growing-seedling period of eggplant.
Table 2-1: compounded by earthworm casts matrix is to the influence of eggplant seedling growth
Table 2-2: compounded by earthworm casts matrix is to the influence of eggplant seedling growth
Embodiment 4: composite matrix is used for pepper seedling raising
Make matrix by following proportioning: the volume ratio of earthworm excrement and vermiculite is 5: 1, adds full N 0.35kg/m in earthworm excrement and vermiculite mixture again
3, P
2O
51.28kg/m
3, K
2O 0.65kg/m
3
With commercially available matrix (trade mark that green garden, Huai vegetables engineering Co., Ltd produces is a Huaihe River vegetables board organic substrate) is contrast, carries out the pepper seedling raising experiment on January 1 in then, examines seedling on April 1.Obviously be better than control commercial matrix from table 3-1 with the many index that table 3-2 tests composite matrix as can be seen: degree of development increases by 30.11%, plant height increases by 23.07%, the number of blade increases by 12.07%, stem is thick to increase by 19.51%, and chlorophyll content increases by 20.50% total fresh weight and increases by 47.08%, and gross dry weight increases by 42.09%, fresh weight increases by 40.36% on the ground, dry weight increases by 45.76% on the ground, and underground fresh weight increases by 67.57%, and underground dry weight increases by 32.22%.Handling with the survival rate that contrasts does not have significant the variation, because the environmental problem of growing seedlings, all about 85%.Composite matrix has obviously shortened the growing-seedling period of capsicum.
Table 3-1: compounded by earthworm casts matrix is to the influence of pepper seedling growth
Table 3-2: compounded by earthworm casts matrix is to the influence of pepper seedling growth
Claims (6)
1, a kind of vegetable seedling substrate compounded by earthworm casts is characterized in that, main component is earthworm excrement and vermiculite, and earthworm excrement moisture content is lower than 50%, adds full N 0.23-0.46kg/m in earthworm excrement and vermiculite mixture
3, P
2O
51.28-1.92kg/m
3, K
2O 0.43-0.65kg/m
3
2, vegetable seedling substrate compounded by earthworm casts according to claim 1, the volume ratio that it is characterized in that earthworm excrement and vermiculite is 3: 1 to 5: 1.
3, vegetable seedling substrate compounded by earthworm casts according to claim 1 is characterized in that wherein inorganic N source employing urea, P source employing superphosphate, K source employing potassium sulphate.
4, the preparation method of the described vegetable seedling substrate compounded by earthworm casts of one of claim 1-3, be: fresh earthworm excrement and vermiculite are stirred in proportion, then inorganic nutrient substance is pulverized the back and directly be added in the agitator by consumption, various materials stir and get final product.
5, preparation method according to claim 4 is characterized in that wherein said earthworm excrement is to obtain by earthworm biological treatment feces of livestock and poultry.
6, preparation method according to claim 5 is characterized in that the earthworm excrement is to obtain by following steps:
(1) selects that commodity is good, the earthworm kind of anti-high-moisture, tame into the work earthworm by bait stress-inducing method, adopt the bar buttress earthworm excrement thin layer soverlay technique earthworm of will working to be inoculated on the feces of livestock and poultry, cover by low temperature thin film, the mode that high temperature shades, the temperature of control earthworm working environment is at 5 ℃-30 ℃, control moisture at 60%-70% by the mode of artificial recharge and natural drying, feces of livestock and poultry can obtain taupe through earthworm clearing up about 15 days, and the material that the earth breath is arranged promptly is a wormcast.
(2) the earthworm excrement is collected: the earthworm excrement is collected in preceding 20 days and is stopped the feces of livestock and poultry of throwing something and feeding, and collects to stop to water in preceding 5 days, guarantees that earthworm excrement moisture content is lower than 50%.
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2009
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