CN103004518A - Plug seedling substrate for watermelons and preparation method of plug seedling substrate - Google Patents
Plug seedling substrate for watermelons and preparation method of plug seedling substrate Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a plug seedling substrate for watermelons and a preparation method of the plug seedling substrate. The plug seedling substrate for watermelons is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by volume: 5-15 percent of decayed silkworm excrement, 50-60 percent of decayed stevia rebaudiana residue, 15-30 percent of wormcast and 10-20 percent of expandable vermiculite. The wormcast is wormcast aggregate which can achieve very excellent physical and chemical properties and is obtained by earthworm slaking and conversion of feces of livestock and poultry. The plug seedling substrate is simple in preparation method, rich in resources, low-price in used materials, sufficient in nutrients and stable in property and has the advantages of turning wastes into wealth, reducing the environmental pollution, being used for plug seedling of watermelons, completely or partially dispensing with top application during seedling raising, improving the watermelon quality, reducing the pesticide using amount, ensuring the seedling raising quality, saving manpower and cost and providing reliable guarantee for survival, high-quality efficient growth, yield and quality of transplanted watermelons.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation raw material and compound method of watermelon plug seedling substrate, belong to the substrate seedling technical field.
Background technology
Substrate seedling refers in certain place or container to sprout for crop seed and growth of seedling provides the place by matrix, fixedly crop root and make it the crop seedling method of Absorption of nourishment material and oxygen.According to the development trend of seedling raising manners, substrate seedling will become the main flow seedling raising manners.Seedling medium refers to and can sprout and the stable somatomedin of coordinating to provide the Lifestyle factors such as water, fertilizer, gas, heat of growth of seedling for crop seed, it except support, fixedly seed and the seedling, the more important thing is the carrier that serves as nutrient and moisture, make from the nutrition of himself with from the nutrient in the environment and moisture and be able to effective supply and buffering, seed can be sprouted smoothly, and seedlings root can absorb in required ratio selectivity.
Aspect the matrix production application, China has part manufacturer production organic substrate, but quality is stable not, safety is not high.For the growing seedlings of name, spy, excellent crop varieties, still quite vast scale uses the import seedling medium in the production, and cost is higher.In recent years, research is found part introducing product and technology, technique and is produced actual not in full conformity with China, some can cause soil compaction, penetrating bad, the environmental problem such as nutrient loss is serious, and in the seedling raising process, crop is to the generation of the phenomenons such as the absorption of various essential nutrient elements is uneven, the seedling growing way is weak, Quality Down, diversity of soil microorganism reduce, self-regulating function weakens.
China's growth of watermelon is very extensive, has become the principal item of local economic crops at Dongtai city growth of watermelon, and forms " East Platform watermelon " industry that has much characteristic.But the Soil-sickness Problem of facility watermelon has had a strong impact on the sustainable development of local growth of watermelon industry, improves the watermelon seedling culturing quality and becomes a key factor improving watermelon growing and improve the yield of watermelon, quality.Seek the seedling medium quality raw materials, breeding test matrix production technology for market provides safe and reliable seedling medium, is the basic need that guarantees the sustainable development of watermelon industry.
The problems such as the continuous increase of the organic solid rubbish that the residue problem of China's large-scale cultivation field feces of livestock and poultry and farm and sideline product processing industry produce are increasingly outstanding.Therefore research and development not only had been fit to China's watermelon production reality but also good seedling medium that can the harmless treatment organic solid castoff has realistic meaning.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention just is rationally to utilize a large amount of organic solid castoff resources in conjunction with endemic species, aquaculture structure, and efficient cheap a kind of watermelon plug seedling substrate of exploitation safe and high quality and preparation method thereof is in the hope of helping to solve the Soil-sickness Problem of watermelon.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of watermelon plug seedling substrate, it is characterized in that, be mixed with and form by become thoroughly decomposed material, wormcast, expansibility vermiculite of the silkworm excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed, stevia residue, the become thoroughly decomposed percent by volume of material, wormcast of silkworm excrement, stevia residue of becoming thoroughly decomposed is: silkworm excrement 5-15% becomes thoroughly decomposed, the stevia residue becomes thoroughly decomposed and expects 50-60%, wormcast 15-30%, expansibility vermiculite 10-20%.
The become thoroughly decomposed percent by volume of material, wormcast of the described silkworm excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed, stevia residue is preferably: the silkworm excrement 10% that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the stevia residue material 50% that becomes thoroughly decomposed, wormcast 20%, expansibility vermiculite 20%.
Described wormcast is that the very good wormcast aggregate of physicochemical character that the manure of livestock and poultry toilet obtains is cleared up, transformed to earthworm.
Described wormcast particle diameter is 1-4 ㎜.
The particle diameter of described expansibility vermiculite is 1-3mm.
The preparation method of above-mentioned a kind of watermelon plug seedling substrate is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1) silkworm excrement and stevia stalk residue are carried out respectively the fermentation of banking up in early stage, acquisition physical property, chemical property and biological property are good silkworm excrement and the stevia residue material that becomes thoroughly decomposed that becomes thoroughly decomposed;
2) with feces of livestock and poultry as earthworm foodstuff, the environment of suitable earthworm growth is provided, will be screened into through the wormcast of dealing with earthworm generation the excrement earthworm excrement of 1-4mm particle diameter;
3) get the expansibility vermiculite that particle diameter is 1-3mm ready;
4) with percent by volume be: the silkworm excrement 5-15% that becomes thoroughly decomposed, stevia residue become thoroughly decomposed and expect that 50-60%, wormcast 15-30%, expansibility vermiculite 10%-20% are mixed and made into the watermelon plug seedling substrate.
The become thoroughly decomposed percent by volume of material, wormcast of the described silkworm excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed of step 4), stevia residue is preferably: the silkworm excrement 10% that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the stevia residue material 50% that becomes thoroughly decomposed, wormcast 20%, expansibility vermiculite 20%.
The present invention adopts silkworm excrement that sericulture produces and enterprise to extract that last stevia stalk residue is major ingredient behind the steviol glycoside, carrying out appropriateness becomes thoroughly decomposed to clear up with earthworm and transforms the high-quality wormcast granule that just obtains behind the manure of livestock and poultry and carry out composite, add physical behavior and shock-absorbing capacity that the expansibility vermiculite improves matrix, be mixed with a kind of safe, economical, efficient, can coordinate to supply watermelon seed is sprouted and growth of seedling to the needs of water, fertilizer, gas, heat, comprehensively improve the functional seedling medium of melon seedling quality, enhancing melon seedling resistance.Its concrete advantage has:
1. strengthen the recycling of organic solid castoff.Local flourishing silkworm aquaculture has produced a large amount of silkworm excrement discarded objects, although silkworm excrement is breeding waste, but is a kind of manure resources of high-quality, and nutritious, nutrient is comprehensive, and the content of organic matter is very high.Silkworm excrement is carried out recycling for solving local environmental pressure, efficiently utilize resource, reduce discharging, be extremely important.After silkworm excrement suitably processed, not only provide the raw material of high-quality for producing the watermelon Medium of Container Seedling, also realized harmless treatment and the recycling of organic solid castoff.Local positive large tracts of land popularizing planting stevia, the unordered stacking of stevia stalk residue after stevia is extracted by enterprise causes severe contamination and threat to peripheral ecotope and human settlement.Contain the abundant materials such as organic matter in the stevia stalk residue, rebaudioside wherein has increases plant resistance, increase crop yield, improve the melon or fruit type crops sugariness and improve the effect such as commodity property.The stevia residue is not only solved the residue treatment difficult problem of stevia manufacturing enterprise as producing watermelon seedling culturing substrate, can also turn waste into wealth, improved plantation watermelon point disk seedling growing quality.Utilize earthworm directly local fowl and livestock farm biomass castoff to be cleared up, transformed, can obtain the very good wormcast aggregate of physicochemical character, wherein abundant microbial diversity can suppress the generation of the soil-borne disease of various crop.Wormcast is allocated matrix into, can make the physical behavior of matrix and biological character be improved significantly, make simultaneously the reluctant ight soil of some scale fowl and livestock farms that the place to go of a safety is arranged.
2. nutrient is comprehensive, proportional balancing method.The rational formula of watermelon plug seedling substrate has solved common seedling medium water, fertilizer, gas, heat effectively can not satisfy fully well that watermelon germinates, the problem of emergence and growth demand.The compound seedling medium of this novel organic-inorganic not only content of organic matter is high, and nutrient component is comprehensive, proportional balancing method is coordinated, the whole nursery stage growth of watermelon can both be obtained fully and the nutrition supply of coordinating, effectively promote the watermelon seedlings growth, guarantee melon seedling better quality, improve melon transplantation of seedlings quality, for finally obtaining yield production of water melon, efficiently laying the foundation.The watermelon seedling that utilizes this NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE matrix to bring out, well developed root system, the seedling stem is sturdy, and survival rate is high after transplanting, and strong adaptability can enter flowering stage ahead of time; The melon seedling that utilizes this NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE matrix to bring out is cultivated the generation that can prevent to a certain extent continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon.
3. simplify the process of matrix composition, improved the quality of watermelon seedling culturing, reduced fertilising and wait the step of growing seedlings, reduced cost.
4. promote the sustainable development that high-efficiency agriculture is produced.The watermelon seedling culturing substrate production technology is carried out integrated innovation, and the professional etiquette of going forward side by side modelling is produced, and at the garden large-scale demonstration, promotes the application in a wider context of this achievement.Can realize organic solid castoff harmless treatment and recycling on the one hand, the protection Ecological Environment; Effectively solve on the other hand the watermelon point disk seedling growing and lack the cheap seedling medium problem of safety, improve facility utilization rate, promote better the sound development of facility growth of watermelon industry.The research of watermelon seedling culturing substrate, develop and promote the use of, be conducive to the sustainable development that promotes that the local characteristic high-efficiency agriculture is produced, promote the local economy progress, increase farmers' income.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the preparation flow figure of watermelon seedling culturing substrate of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of watermelon plug seedling substrate, step is as follows:
1) silkworm excrement and stevia stalk residue are carried out respectively the fermentation of banking up in early stage, acquisition physical property, chemical property and biological property are good silkworm excrement and the stevia residue material that becomes thoroughly decomposed that becomes thoroughly decomposed;
2) with feces of livestock and poultry as earthworm foodstuff, the environment of suitable earthworm growth is provided, will be screened into through the wormcast of dealing with earthworm generation the excrement earthworm excrement of 1-4mm particle diameter;
3) get the expansibility vermiculite that particle diameter is 1-3mm ready;
4) with step 1), 2), 3) become thoroughly decomposed material, wormcast, expansibility vermiculite of the silkworm excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the stevia residue of preparation fully mix and make watermelon plug seedling substrate (ESEV seedling medium), each component percent by volume is: the silkworm excrement 5-15% that becomes thoroughly decomposed, stevia residue become thoroughly decomposed material 50-60%, wormcast 15-30%, expansibility vermiculite 10%-20%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method of watermelon plug seedling substrate, its step is identical with embodiment 1, and each the component percent by volume that is mixed and made into watermelon plug seedling substrate (ESEV1) is: the silkworm excrement 10% that becomes thoroughly decomposed, stevia residue become thoroughly decomposed and expect 50%, wormcast 20%, expansibility vermiculite 20%.Be that the silkworm excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed-stevia residue of the ESEV1 seedling medium material-wormcast-expansibility vermiculite proportioning of becoming thoroughly decomposed is 1-5-2-2.
Embodiment 3
A kind of preparation method of watermelon plug seedling substrate, its step is identical with embodiment 1, and each the component percent by volume that is mixed and made into watermelon plug seedling substrate (ESEV2) is: the silkworm excrement 10% that becomes thoroughly decomposed, stevia residue become thoroughly decomposed and expect 60%, wormcast 20%, expansibility vermiculite 10%.Be that the silkworm excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed-stevia residue of the ESEV2 seedling medium material-wormcast-expansibility vermiculite proportioning of becoming thoroughly decomposed is 1-6-2-1.
Test:
1. materials and methods
1.1 for the examination material
Variety of watermelon is provided by the Jiangsu Province Agriculture Science Institute vegetables for the sweet watermelon of Soviet Union.Bask seeds first before the sowing, reject not full seed after, wrap with clean bundle, be placed in 0.05% the liquor potassic permanganate and soaked 4 hours, take out with the clear water flushing, drain the water, for subsequent use.The ESEV composite interstitial substance, silkworm excrement-stevia rebaudiana dregs-wormcast-vermiculite proportioning comprises 1-5-2-2(ESEV1) and 1-6-2-1(ESEV2) two kinds.Two kinds of commercially available matrix that compare usefulness are respectively " Huaihe River farming " matrix (CK1) of Huaian, Jiangsu Province production and " Sheng standing grain " matrix (CK2) that Shouguang, Shandong Province produces.
1.2 test method
Tested on February 15th, 1 2012 on January 12nd, 2012 and in the plastic tunnel of pot experiment field, Yangzhou University experimental farm, carry out.2 kinds of composite interstitial substances and 2 kinds of commercially available matrix totally 4 processing are established in test, and each processes 6 repetitions.Adopt standard cave, 50 hole dish live, one of every bunch planting, sowing depth 0.5 cm broadcasts rear covering vermiculite, waters permeablely, is placed in the booth on the cement seedbed.
1.3 mensuration project
Investigation seedling-growing time, neat seedling time, emergence rate, planting percent; Broadcast that rear 35 days (before the field planting) investigation plant height, stem are thick, overground part dry weight and fresh weight, underground part dry weight and fresh weight.Calculate the index in strong sprout by following formula: thick (the cm)/plant height (cm) of index=stem in strong sprout * complete stool dry weight (g).
2. results and analysis
2.1 ESEV matrix on watermelon emerge, the impact of seedling
Watermelon is emerged after 4 days in sowing, and the neat seedling time is 6-9 days.The neat seedling time of watermelon that is seeded in the ESEV matrix is 7-9 days, and the neat seedling time of watermelon that is seeded in the CK1 matrix is 6-7 days, and the neat seedling time of watermelon that is seeded in the CK2 matrix is 6-8 days.The emergence rate of watermelon in ESEV1 and ESEV2 matrix is respectively 89.6%, 88.2%, and the emergence rate in CK1 and CK2 matrix is respectively 87.7%, 88.2%.Watermelon is respectively 88.7%, 87.9% at the planting percent in ESEV1 and ESEV2 matrix, and the planting percent in CK1 and CK2 matrix is respectively 87.1%, 87.3%.The emergence rate of 4 processing, planting percent are all without significant difference (table 1).
Table 1 ESEV matrix on watermelon emerge, the impact of seedling situation
| Process | Emergence rate (%) | Planting percent (%) |
| ESEV1 | 89.7 | 88.7 |
| ESEV2 | 88.2 | 87.8 |
| CK1 | 87.7 | 87.2 |
| CK2 | 88.2 | 87.3 |
2.2 ESEV matrix is to watermelon seedling affects on the growth
2.2.1 plant height and the stem of watermelon seedling are thick
Each plant height and stem of processing the watermelon seedling is slightly measured, and data are listed in table 2.As can be seen from Table 2, the watermelon seedling that ESEV matrix brings out in the test, plant height, stem are thick and CK1 is substantially approaching, all are higher than CK2, and plant height exceeds 5.1%-8.1%, and stem slightly all exceeds more than 10%.
Table 2 ESEV matrix is on the thick impact of watermelon seedlings plant height and stem
| Process | Plant height (cm) | Relative plant height | Stem thick (mm) | Stem is thick relatively |
| ESEV1 | 6.82 | 108.1 | 3.14 | 112.1 |
| ESEV2 | 6.67 | 105.7 | 3.19 | 113.9 |
| CK1 | 6.63 | 105.1 | 3.22 | 115.0 |
| CK2 | 6.31 | 100.0 | 2.80 | 100.0 |
2.2.2 the biological yield of watermelon seedling
Each measurement result of processing the biological yield of watermelon seedling sees Table 3.Data can be found out from table, the overground part fresh weight of the watermelon seedling that ESEV matrix brings out and dry weight, underground part fresh weight and dry weight, and complete stool fresh weight and dry weight all be significantly higher than CK2, and little with CK1 difference.
Table 3 ESEV matrix is on the impact of watermelon seedlings biological yield
2.2.3 ESEV matrix is on the impact of watermelon seedling index in strong sprout
Each index in strong sprout of processing the watermelon seedling is calculated, and the data that obtain are listed in table 4.As can be seen from the table, it is same and CK1 difference is not remarkable that ESEV matrix is educated the index in strong sprout of melon seedling, all is higher than CK2 more than 20%.
Table 4 ESEV matrix is on the impact of watermelon seedlings index in strong sprout
| Process | Strong sprout index | Relative value |
| ESEV1 | 0.019 | 124.0 |
| ESEV2 | 0.018 | 123.1 |
| CK1 | 0.019 | 126.6 |
| CK2 | 0.015 | 100.0 |
3. brief summary
(1) sericulture discarded object silkworm excrement and sugar industry discarded object stevia rebaudiana dregs can be obtained to be rich in nutrient and the organic material that becomes thoroughly decomposed through fermentation; Utilize earthworm that various plants discarded object is transformed and produce porous granular structure, the wormcast that physico-chemical and biological properties is good.Above material is mixed by a certain percentage, add again a small amount of vermiculite, can be mixed with ventilation water holding, nutrient balance, the good watermelon seedling culturing substrate of physicochemical character.
(2) from the growth of watermelon seedlings, because ESEV1 matrix not only contains abundant nutrient, and good permeability is arranged, and can satisfy preferably watermelon seedlings 30-35 days seedling growth to the needs of water, gas, nutrient, therefore during watermelon seedling culturing, need not topdress.CK2 matrix may be owing to the not enough or inadequate balance of nutrient, and yellow, poor growth phenomenon appear in seedling when growing into for 2 week.From the impact on the watermelon seedling growth, the watermelon seedlings that ESEV1 matrix is cultivated show as appearance evenly, leaf look dark green, robust plant, be easy to cultivate watermelon strong sprout.
(3) comprehensive watermelon emerge, the situations such as seedling, strong sprout, test used ESEV1, ESEV2, CK1 and four kinds of matrix of CK2 and all be suitable for the watermelon point disk seedling growing, be easy to cultivate strong sprout.In view of the ESEV low production cost, be conducive to again that local discarded object is innoxious, minimizing and resource, but spread uses.
Claims (7)
1. watermelon plug seedling substrate, it is characterized in that, be mixed with and form by become thoroughly decomposed material, wormcast, expansibility vermiculite of the silkworm excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed, stevia residue, the become thoroughly decomposed percent by volume of material, wormcast of silkworm excrement, stevia residue of becoming thoroughly decomposed is: silkworm excrement 5-15% becomes thoroughly decomposed, the stevia residue becomes thoroughly decomposed and expects 50-60%, wormcast 15-30%, expansibility vermiculite 10-20%.
2. a kind of watermelon plug seedling substrate according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the become thoroughly decomposed percent by volume of material, wormcast of the described silkworm excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed, stevia residue is preferably: the silkworm excrement 10% that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the stevia residue material 50% that becomes thoroughly decomposed, wormcast 20%, expansibility vermiculite 20%.
3. a kind of watermelon plug seedling substrate according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described wormcast is that the very good wormcast aggregate of physicochemical character that the manure of livestock and poultry toilet obtains is cleared up, transformed to earthworm.
4. a kind of watermelon plug seedling substrate according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described wormcast particle diameter is 1-4 ㎜.
5. a kind of watermelon plug seedling substrate according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the particle diameter of described expansibility vermiculite is 1-3mm.
6. the preparation method of a watermelon plug seedling substrate is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Silkworm excrement and stevia stalk residue are carried out respectively the fermentation of banking up in early stage, acquisition physical property, chemical property and biological property are good silkworm excrement and the stevia residue material that becomes thoroughly decomposed that becomes thoroughly decomposed;
As earthworm foodstuff, provide the environment of suitable earthworm growth with feces of livestock and poultry, will be screened into through the wormcast that dealing with earthworm produces the excrement earthworm excrement of 1-4mm particle diameter;
Getting particle diameter ready is the expansibility vermiculite of 1-3mm;
With percent by volume be: the silkworm excrement 5-15% that becomes thoroughly decomposed, stevia residue become thoroughly decomposed and expect that 50-60%, wormcast 15-30%, expansibility vermiculite 10%-20% are mixed and made into the watermelon plug seedling substrate.
7. the preparation method of a kind of watermelon plug seedling substrate according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, the become thoroughly decomposed percent by volume of material, wormcast of the described silkworm excrement that becomes thoroughly decomposed of step 4), stevia residue is preferably: silkworm excrement 10% becomes thoroughly decomposed, the stevia residue becomes thoroughly decomposed and expects 50%, wormcast 20%, expansibility vermiculite 20%.
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| CN112740980A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-04 | 中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所 | Melon seedling culture substrate produced by utilizing wormcast and mushroom dregs and preparation method thereof |
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| CN106386095A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 简立华 | Seedling growing method for watermelons by plug tray seedling growing substrate |
| CN112740980A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-04 | 中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所 | Melon seedling culture substrate produced by utilizing wormcast and mushroom dregs and preparation method thereof |
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