CN111328667A - Method for raising seedlings by using camphor pine bark substrate - Google Patents
Method for raising seedlings by using camphor pine bark substrate Download PDFInfo
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- CN111328667A CN111328667A CN202010226562.3A CN202010226562A CN111328667A CN 111328667 A CN111328667 A CN 111328667A CN 202010226562 A CN202010226562 A CN 202010226562A CN 111328667 A CN111328667 A CN 111328667A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for raising seedlings by utilizing a camphor pine bark substrate, which comprises the steps of firstly removing impurities from collected camphor pine bark, crushing the camphor pine bark, fermenting the bark by utilizing a golden baby bark fermentation aid, and screening the bark into three particle sizes of less than or equal to 0.6mm, 0.6-2.5mm and 2.5-5.0mm by using a screen after the fermentation is finished; 8% of sandy loam with loose soil, fertile soil and good permeability, 46% of bark less than 0.6mm, 23% of bark with 0.6-2.5mm and 23% of bark with 2.5-5.0mm are selected, fully mixed and uniformly stirred to prepare a camphor pine bark matrix, and then the camphor pine bark matrix is used for seedling culture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention provides a method for raising seedlings by utilizing a pinus sylvestris bark matrix, which can provide technical support for improving pinus sylvestris seedling raising efficiency.
Background
Zhangzi Song (pine of Cinnamomum camphora)Pinus sylvestrisvar.mongolicaLitv.) originally produced in Honghuang mountain and Renbeier grassland Honghuaerji sand land in China, has excellent characteristics of cold resistance, drought resistance, faster growth and the like, and is a main tree species of timberland used in semiarid sandstorm areas in North China. The pinus sylvestris has strong material and straight texture, and can be used as materials for buildings, furniture and the like. The trunk can be cut with resin to extract pine pear and turpentine, and the bark can be extracted with sodium sulfate. Along with the utilization of pinus sylvestris wood, natural withering in forests and the like, a large amount of bark waste is generated, and how to effectively treat the waste is an important problem in the aspects of wood utilization rate, environmental protection and the like. In recent years, with the enhancement of environmental awareness and the reduction of peat resources, people pay more and more attention to research and development of organic wastes as seedling raising substrates. Local materials are taken as important direction for the development of seedling substrate selection according to local conditions, and the bark is used as the most common waste in agriculture and forestry production, so that the research of recycling the bark as the substrate has attracted increasing attention of researchers at home and abroad.
Disclosure of Invention
The aim of the patent is to fully utilize bark waste, namely the pinus sylvestris bark, to prepare the seedling substrate, and use the seedling substrate to cultivate pinus sylvestris, aiming at providing technical support for improving the seedling raising efficiency of pinus sylvestris, and simultaneously solving the important problems in the aspects of wood utilization rate, environmental protection and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the patent comprises the following steps:
1. collecting and crushing the pinus sylvestris bark: removing lignocellulose from the collected Pinus sylvestris bark, removing impurities such as worm eggs carried on the bark, and pulverizing with a pulverizer, wherein the mesh size is 8 mm.
2. Fermenting and pretreating the pine bark of the cinnamomum camphora: 92.8 percent of camphor pine bark, 5 percent of livestock manure, 2 percent of urea and 0.2 percent of lime, mixing according to the proportion, fully watering, covering with a film, and piling for 2-3 days in a covering (tight) way to ensure that the water content reaches 50 +/-5 percent; 500 kg of pinus sylvestris bark needs to be pretreated by using 1 kg of the Kimba bark fermentation aid, diluting and uniformly stirring the Kimba bark fermentation aid and rice bran according to the ratio of 1:2.5 to prepare an incremental microbial inoculum, uniformly scattering the incremental microbial inoculum in a bark mixture, uniformly stirring to enable the microbial inoculum to be uniformly adsorbed on the surface of the bark, stacking the bark into a large pile, covering the pile with a covering, and naturally standing for 6-12 hours.
3. Fermenting the pine bark of the cinnamomum camphora: piling the pretreated barks into a large pile with the height of 1-1.5m, and preserving heat and moisture; inserting thermometers into the pile body in different directions, the depth is about 20cm, observing temperature change in the fermentation process of the bark, fermenting for 5-7 days, when the fermentation temperature reaches 45-50 ℃, turning the pile for the first time when white hypha appears on the surface of the fermentation product (keeping for more than 2 days), properly supplementing water, controlling the water content of the bark to be about 60%, continuing to ferment, continuing to rise the fermentation temperature, turning the pile again when the temperature reaches 45-50 ℃, repeating the steps until the temperature does not rise any more, and ending the fermentation.
4. Preparing a camphor pine bark substrate: firstly, fermented pinus sylvestris bark is sieved by a sieve into three particle sizes of less than or equal to 0.6mm, 0.6-2.5mm and 2.5-5.0mm, 8 percent of sandy loam with loose soil, fertile property and good permeability, 46 percent of bark of less than or equal to 0.6mm, 23 percent of bark of 0.6-2.5mm and 23 percent of bark of 2.5-5.0mm are selected, fully mixed and stirred uniformly, and sprayed with 2-3 percent ferrous sulfate aqueous solution and 12-18/m while stirring3The soil pH value can be adjusted and the soil can be disinfected.
5.① germination acceleration of pinus sylvestris seeds, namely sterilizing the pinus sylvestris seeds for 2 hours by using 0.5 percent potassium permanganate (at 35 ℃), repeatedly cleaning the pinus sylvestris seeds by using clear water, flushing residual potassium permanganate solution, soaking the pinus sylvestris seeds for 22 hours by using clear water, uniformly spreading the seeds on wet gauze (at least 3 layers), putting the seeds into a flat-bottomed tray, covering the flat-bottomed tray with the wet gauze, regularly spraying water every day to keep the humidity of the seeds, sowing the seeds when the germinated seeds are 30 percent in the north, ② sowing, namely, thoroughly watering the prepared matrix by using a spray pot, filling the non-woven bag (with the caliber of 10 cm) into 3/4, sowing 5-6 seeds in each bag, covering the matrix (about 0.80 cm) on the seeds, compacting, ③ seedling management, namely, after seedling emergence, frequently watering a small amount, avoiding soil hardening, influencing the emergence of the seedlings, growing the seedlings in the middle period, properly watering according to the hot condition, reducing the surface temperature, weeding the matrix humidity, immediately spraying 7 percent of seedling blight to prevent the seedlings from growing, spraying a nursery stock solution to the ground, and taking a water for flushing the nursery stock from the ground before the ground, and sealing the nursery stock in the ground (10 days), and sealing the nursery stock in the ground).
The invention has the technical characteristics that:
1. the invention adopts the pinus sylvestris bark as the culture medium, and the bark contains the components of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, other trace elements and the like of wood, has the characteristics of strong water absorption, good air permeability and the like, can improve the survival rate of the pinus sylvestris, and can provide required nutrient substances for seeds.
2. The invention carries out fermentation treatment on the pinus sylvestris bark, and can remove components such as carbolic acid, tannic acid, high molecular wood acid (soft resin) and the like which are harmful to plant growth through fermentation, thereby reducing the harm to the plant growth.
3. The invention adopts bark particles with different particle sizes to be mixed with sandy loam, which is not only beneficial to the absorption of nursery stocks to nutrition, but also can ensure the looseness and the air permeability of the matrix.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention will be further described with reference to examples, but it is not limited to any one of these examples or the like.
1. Fermentation treatment of pine bark of Cinnamomum camphora
(1) Collecting and pulverizing lignum Cinnamomi Camphorae bark
The bark of Pinus sylvestris is obtained from a wood factory in Manchuria, and collected bark of Pinus sylvestris is removed of lignocellulose and impurities such as insect eggs carried on the bark are removed. Pulverizing cortex Cinnamomi Camphorae with pulverizer, and selecting mesh with aperture of 8 mm.
(2) Fermentation pretreatment of Pinus sylvestris bark
92.8 percent of pinus sylvestris bark, 5 percent of livestock manure, 2 percent of urea and 0.2 percent of lime are mixed according to the proportion, after being stirred evenly, the materials are watered, covered with a film and piled for 2 to 3 days, so that the water content reaches 50 +/-5 percent. 500 kg of pinus sylvestris bark needs 1 kg of the Jinbaobei bark fermentation aid, and the Jinbaobei bark fermentation aid and rice bran are diluted and uniformly mixed according to the proportion of 1:2.5 to prepare the increment microbial inoculum. Uniformly spreading an increment microbial inoculum in the bark mixture, uniformly stirring to enable the microbial inoculum to be uniformly adsorbed on the surface of the bark, stacking the bark into a large pile, covering the large pile with a covering material, naturally standing for 6-12 hours for pretreatment, promoting the bacteria-setting effect of the microbial inoculum, and properly supplementing water.
(3) Fermenting Pinus sylvestris bark
Piling the pretreated barks into a large pile with the height of 1-1.5m, and preserving heat and moisture. Thermometers were inserted in different directions of the stack, at a depth of about 20cm, to observe the temperature changes during the fermentation of the bark. Fermenting for 5-7 days at 45-50 deg.C, turning over for the first time when white hypha appears on the surface of the fermented product (keeping for more than 2 days), and properly supplementing water to control the water content of bark to about 60%. And then continuing fermentation, continuing to increase the fermentation temperature, turning over when the temperature reaches 45-50 ℃, repeating the steps until the temperature does not rise any more, ending the fermentation, and after the fermentation of the pinus sylvestris bark, changing the color from the original light brown to dark brown, and reducing the tannin content from the original 13.28% to 0.29%.
2. Preparation of camphor pine bark substrate
Firstly, the fermented camphor tree bark is sieved by a sieve into three particle sizes of less than or equal to 0.6mm, 0.6-2.5mm and 2.5-5.0 mm. Selecting 8% sandy loam with loose soil, fertile soil and good permeability, 46% bark less than 0.6mm, 23% bark with 0.6-2.5mm and 23% bark with 2.5-5.0mm, fully mixing and stirring uniformly, spraying 2% -3% ferrous sulfate aqueous solution and 12-18/m of ferrous sulfate aqueous solution while stirring3The soil pH value can be adjusted and the soil can be disinfected.
3. Seedling raising
(1) Accelerating germination of seeds: disinfecting pinus sylvestris seeds for 2 hours by using 0.5 percent potassium permanganate (at 35 ℃), repeatedly cleaning the pinus sylvestris seeds by using clear water, cleaning residual potassium permanganate solution, soaking the pinus sylvestris seeds for 22 hours by using clear water, uniformly spreading the seeds on wet gauze (at least 3 layers), putting the wet gauze into a flat-bottom tray, covering the flat-bottom tray with the wet gauze, regularly spraying water every day, keeping the humidity of the seeds, and sowing when 30 percent of the seeds for germination are exposed to the white.
(2) Sowing: when sowing, the prepared matrix is thoroughly poured by a watering can, 3/4 is filled by a non-woven bag (with the caliber of 10 cm), 5-6 seeds are sowed in each bag, a layer of matrix (about 0.80 cm) is covered on the non-woven bag, and the non-woven bag is compacted.
(3) Seedling stage management: after seedling emergence, the seedlings need to be watered frequently in a small amount, so that soil hardening is avoided, and the influence on seedling emergence is avoided. In the middle stage of seedling growth, according to the hot weather condition, properly watering, reducing the surface temperature, maintaining the matrix humidity, and timely loosening the soil and weeding to promote the seedling growth. In order to prevent damping off, 1% Bordeaux mixture is sprayed every 7 days and washed with clear water after spraying.
(4) Anti-freezing measures are as follows: before the northern area enters the ground and is sealed and frozen (10 months later), the seedlings are watered thoroughly, soil is taken from the periphery to cover the seedlings with the soil (about 10 centimeters), and the seedlings are not exposed outside.
Claims (6)
1. A method for raising seedlings by utilizing a pinus sylvestris bark matrix is specifically characterized in that: 1) collecting and crushing pinus sylvestris bark; 2) fermenting and pretreating the pinus sylvestris bark; 3) fermenting the pine bark of the cinnamomum camphora; 4) preparing a camphor pine bark substrate; 5) and (5) raising seedlings of pinus sylvestris.
2. The method for raising seedlings by utilizing the pinus sylvestris bark substrate as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: removing lignocellulose from the collected Pinus sylvestris bark, removing impurities such as worm eggs carried on the bark, and pulverizing with a pulverizer, wherein the mesh size is 8 mm.
3. The method for raising seedlings by utilizing the pinus sylvestris bark substrate as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: 92.8 percent of camphor pine bark, 5 percent of livestock manure, 2 percent of urea and 0.2 percent of lime, mixing according to the proportion, fully watering, covering with a film, and piling for 2-3 days in a covering (tight) way to ensure that the water content reaches 50 +/-5 percent; 500 kg of pinus sylvestris bark needs to be pretreated by using 1 kg of the Kimba bark fermentation aid, diluting and uniformly stirring the Kimba bark fermentation aid and rice bran according to the ratio of 1:2.5 to prepare an incremental microbial inoculum, uniformly scattering the incremental microbial inoculum in a bark mixture, uniformly stirring to enable the microbial inoculum to be uniformly adsorbed on the surface of the bark, stacking the bark into a large pile, covering the pile with a covering, and naturally standing for 6-12 hours.
4. The method for raising seedlings by utilizing the pinus sylvestris bark substrate as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the fermentation of the pine bark of the cinnamomum camphora is to stack the pretreated bark into a large pile with the height of 1-1.5m, so as to preserve heat and moisture; inserting thermometers into the pile body in different directions, the depth is about 20cm, observing temperature change in the fermentation process of the bark, fermenting for 5-7 days, when the fermentation temperature reaches 45-50 ℃, turning the pile for the first time when white hypha appears on the surface of the fermentation product (keeping for more than 2 days), properly supplementing water, controlling the water content of the bark to be about 60%, continuing to ferment, continuing to rise the fermentation temperature, turning the pile again when the temperature reaches 45-50 ℃, repeating the steps until the temperature does not rise any more, and ending the fermentation.
5. The method for raising seedlings by utilizing the pinus sylvestris bark substrate as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the preparation method of the camphor pine bark substrate comprises the steps of firstly screening fermented camphor pine bark with the particle sizes of less than or equal to 0.6mm, 0.6-2.5mm and 2.5-5.0mm by using a screen, selecting sandy loam with loose soil, fertile property and good permeability of 8 percent, less than or equal to 0.6mm bark of 46 percent, 0.6-2.5mm bark of 23 percent and 2.5-5.0mm bark of 23 percent, fully mixing and stirring uniformly, spraying 2-3 percent ferrous sulfate aqueous solution and 12-18/m while stirring3The soil pH value can be adjusted and the soil can be disinfected.
6. The method for raising seedlings by utilizing the pinus sylvestris bark matrix as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pinus sylvestris seedling raising is carried out by using the pinus sylvestris bark matrix, ① seed germination is carried out, the pinus sylvestris seeds are disinfected by 0.5% potassium permanganate (35 ℃) for 2 hours, washed by clean water repeatedly, the residual potassium permanganate solution is cleaned, soaked by clean water for 22 hours, the seeds are evenly spread on wet gauze (at least 3 layers) and placed in a flat-bottom tray, the northern area is covered by the wet gauze, water is sprayed periodically every day, the humidity of the seeds is kept, the seeds can be sowed when the germinated seeds are 30% exposed, ② sowing is carried out, the prepared matrix is watered and stirred thoroughly by a spraying kettle during sowing, the non-woven bag (with the caliber of 10 cm) is filled to a position of 3/4, the seeds are sowed in each bag, a layer of matrix (about 0.80 cm) is covered on the seeds, compaction is carried out, the seedling management is carried out in ③, a small amount of antifreezing is carried out after seedling emergence, soil is prevented from hardening, the seedling growing, the seedlings are watered, the seedling is watered in a moderate temperature, the seedling growing condition of 3910 days, the seedling growing temperature is kept, the seedling growing area is kept, the seedling growing temperature is kept in hot day, the seedling growing area is kept by water, the seedling growing period, the seedling growing area is kept, the seedling growing period is controlled by spraying water.
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| CN202010226562.3A CN111328667A (en) | 2020-03-27 | 2020-03-27 | Method for raising seedlings by using camphor pine bark substrate |
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| CN202010226562.3A CN111328667A (en) | 2020-03-27 | 2020-03-27 | Method for raising seedlings by using camphor pine bark substrate |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111727846A (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2020-10-02 | 施可得园艺有限公司 | Decomposed pine bark and preparation method thereof |
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Inventor after: Li Yanhong Inventor after: Zhu Binbin Inventor after: Sun Shuanghong Inventor after: Guan Gang Inventor after: Cheng Li Inventor after: Li Xin Inventor after: Nan Haitao Inventor after: Zhang Honglei Inventor before: Li Yanhong Inventor before: Zhu Binbin Inventor before: Sun Shuanghong Inventor before: Li Xin Inventor before: Nan Haitao Inventor before: Zhang Honglei |
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Application publication date: 20200626 |
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