CN103980054A - Flue-cured tobacco floating seedling culture medium and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Flue-cured tobacco floating seedling culture medium and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103980054A CN103980054A CN201410236981.XA CN201410236981A CN103980054A CN 103980054 A CN103980054 A CN 103980054A CN 201410236981 A CN201410236981 A CN 201410236981A CN 103980054 A CN103980054 A CN 103980054A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a flue-cured tobacco floating seedling culture medium and a preparation method thereof. The culture medium comprises the following components in parts by volume: 30-45 parts of soil, 30-45 parts of fire soil, 20-30 parts of farmyard manure and 2-2.5 parts of nutrient solution fertilizer. By completely substituting the flue-cured tobacco seedling culture medium and screening out the proper material composition and proportioning, the culture medium disclosed by the invention can effectively enhance the rate of emergence and stocking percent, promote the growth of the tobacco seedlings, enhance the quality of the tobacco seedlings, and enhance the rate of emergence of the tobacco seedlings to 85% and the stocking percent after in-field seedling supplementation to 97.5%. Compared with the conventional-quality flue-cured tobacco floating seedling culture, the tobacco seedling cultured by the culture medium disclosed by the invention has the advantages of high quality, thick stems, developed root system, high drought resistance, high stress tolerance, quick survival and the like; and the culture medium does not use grass carbon, thereby lowering the development of nonrenewable resources and protecting the environmental resources. The culture medium does not pollute the environment in the manufacturing process, and has the function of environmental protection. The material sources are wide and are not restricted by regions, and the manufacturing method is simple, thereby greatly lowering the flue-cured tobacco floating seedling culture cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural technology field, especially a kind of floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Floating seedlings is the major way of intensive seedling production in current tobacco planting, and while growing seedlings, matrix plays fixing cigarette shoot root system, adsorbs and cushion nutritive medium, the effects such as good rhizospheric environment are provided.And Friendly tobacco seedling raising medium mostly is mixed-matrix, to fill a prescription more complicated, production cost is high.Friendly tobacco seedling raising medium is many to be made up of the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite, pearlstone etc., and its peat composed of rotten mosses content is high and be Nonrenewable resources.Along with the spread of floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco, matrix demand is constantly soaring, and peat composed of rotten mosses amount answers gesture to increase sharply, and environment is caused compared with havoc.In addition, along with various price of materials rise steadily, matrix price amount of increase is larger, causes seedling cost to improve constantly.Therefore, exploitation environmental protection, low cost, the simple floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco of use are extremely urgent.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is: a kind of floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco and preparation method thereof is provided, its high cigarette seedling seedling rate of energy and seedling rate, promotion tobacco seedling growth, raising cigarette seedling quality, and with low cost, the feature of environmental protection good, making method is simple, to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.
The present invention is achieved in that floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco, and by volume umber calculates, and comprises soil, the fire soil of 30-45 part and the farm manure of 20-30 part of 30-45 part.
Also comprise the nutritive medium fertilizer of 2-2.5 part.
The preparation method of floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco, comprises the steps:
1) preparation of soil: getting apart from the ground degree of depth is the topsoil gong of 10～15cm middle fertility, crosses diameter 0.5cm sieve, then the soil sieving is fully ventilative after stifling 2 weeks with dazomet, and airing is that 5-8% is for subsequent use to humidity;
2) preparation of fire soil: at dry fine day, digging weeds and the soil that earth's surface 3cm is thick tans by the sun 2 days, weeds after drying are mixed with the volume ratio of 3:1 with soil, and be deposited in a place and muffle up well, mixture igniting is fired, after it fully burns, naturally cool to normal temperature, more cooling material is crossed to diameter 0.5cm sieve, then the material dazomet rear airing in stifling 2 weeks of sieving is that 5-8% is for subsequent use to humidity;
3) farm manure is made: by the fresh agricultural crop straw of harvesting (available farm crop comprise corn, paddy rice, wheat, rape or late autumn crop etc.) be chopped into 3cm, after the stalk heap of chopping is put well, add decomposing agent, urea and water, carrying out overlay film becomes thoroughly decomposed, material airing after fully becoming thoroughly decomposed is 5-8% to humidity, then it is for subsequent use that the crushing material drying is crossed to 0.5cm sieve;
4) preparation of floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco: by step 1), step 2) and the product that makes of step 3) mix according to above-mentioned parts by weight, after stirring, obtain floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco.
While mixing in step 4), add the nutritive medium fertilizer of 2-2.5 part together to mix.
Step 1) and step 2) described in dazomet effective constituent be: tetrahydro--3,5-dimethyl-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thioketones; Consumption: every cubic metre of 300-350g98%-100% dazomet microgranules for soil, method: operate by dazomet using method.
In step 3), in every 50 parts of crushing straws, add 1 part of decomposing agent and 0.5 part of urea.
Carry out following test by technique effect of the present invention in order further to verify:
1, the soil of handling well is admixed to the treated fire of different ratios soil, plant ash, coal ash, design altogether 19 processing, (the 162 hole floating seedling trays that land for growing field crops is used are coiled in each processing 10, lower same), seed of every hole point, determine proportioning thing and best proportioning thereof by emerging of each processing with seedling situation, proportioning and effect are as shown in table 1 in detail.
Can learn according to table 1, soil is almost nil from different proportioning thing seedling rates and the seedling rate of plant ash, emerging of single soil is poor with seedling effect, proportioning thing seedling rate and the seedling rate of soil and coal ash are lower, soil is emerged relative with seedling better with the proportioning thing of fire soil, seedling rate and seedling rate are up to processes 5, and best as proportioning thing effect taking fiery soil, and fire soil is 1:1 with soil optimum proportion.
2, in the proportioning thing filtering out in 1 according to test, admix the treated farm manure of different ratios, design altogether 5 processing, each processing 10 is coiled, seed of every hole point, emerged and determined the best proportioning of farm manure with seedling situation by each processing, proportioning and effect are as shown in table 2 in detail.
Can learn according to table 2, add farm manure and can effectively improve seedling rate and seedling rate, while especially adding 20-30 part farm manure, seedling rate and seedling rate are all in 80% left and right, but all tobacco seedling growths are slow, too thin and weak after seedling, nutritive medium fertilizer assimilated efficiency is low.
3, on the basis of test 2, admix different ratios nutritive medium fertilizer, design altogether 12 processing, each processing 10 is coiled, every dish multiple spot 20% seed, when thinning, weak seedling or hole are filled, determine the best proportioning of farm manure with seedling situation by emerging of each processing, proportioning and effect are as shown in table 3 in detail.
From implementation result, the admixing of liquid fertilizer material suitably has additional nutrients, be conducive to emerging and seedling of cigarette seedling, after soil mixes with fiery native equal proportion, while admixing 20-30 part farm manure, 2.0-2.5 part nutritive medium fertilizer, cigarette seedling seedling rate and seedling rate are high, and cigarette seedling cane is sturdy, well developed root system, and seedling age is applicable to about 70 days transplanting.
4, choose 70 days healthy and strong cigarette seedlings of seedling age in test 3, each 300 of the of the right age healthy and strong cigarette seedling of conventional substrate is transplanted, fertilizer produces and uses by looking unfamiliar greatly, waters after enough normal root water and do not water and carry out drought resisting contrast in one week when transplanting, and the whole Production of Large Fields phase is not used any agricultural chemicals.From drought resisting situation, the conventional substrate cigarette shoot survival percent that do not water in a week is 41.33%, and the cigarette shoot survival percent in test 3 is 95.66%; From growing state, the conventional substrate cigarette seedling root of hair time, about 7 days, the group's of entering phase about 30 days, is tested the cigarette seedling root of hair in the time of 3 days left and right in 3, the group's of entering phase about 25 days; From disease situation, the sickness rate of conventional substrate cigarette seedling cigarette strain is 11.33%, and the cigarette seedling cigarette strain sickness rate in test 3 is 4.66%; Economical character is as shown in table 4, and the cigarette seedling field growing way in test 3 is obviously better than conventional substrate cigarette seedling.
The present invention has carried out completely alternative to the seedling medium of flue-cured tobacco, filtered out applicable composition and proportioning, can effectively improve cigarette seedling seedling rate and seedling rate, promotion tobacco seedling growth, improve cigarette seedling quality, cigarette seedling seedling rate reaches 85%, seedling rate after thinning is filled the gaps with seedlings reaches 97.5%, and cigarette seedling quality is high.Compared with the floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco of conventional substrate, have that cane is sturdy, survive the advantages such as fast after well developed root system, seasoned, drought resistance and strong stress resistance, transplanting.Do not use the peat composed of rotten mosses, reduced the exploitation to Nonrenewable resources, protected environmental resources, environmentally safe when making, has played the effect of protection of the environment.Material source is extensive, draws materials and is not subject to regional limits, and making method is simple, has significantly reduced the cost of floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention 1: floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco, by volume umber calculates, and comprises the soil of 33.75 parts, the fire soil of 33.75 parts, the farm manure of 30 parts and the nutritive medium fertilizer of 2.5 parts.
The preparation method of floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco, comprises the steps:
1) preparation of soil: getting apart from the ground degree of depth is the topsoil gong of 10～15cm middle fertility, crosses diameter 0.5cm sieve, then is that 5-8% is for subsequent use by the soil-fumigating sieving rear airing in 2 weeks to humidity;
2) preparation of fire soil: at dry fine day, digging weeds and the soil that earth's surface 3cm is thick tans by the sun 2 days, weeds after drying are mixed with the volume ratio of 3:1 with soil, and be deposited in a place muffle up well (prevent burning after material be blown away), mixture igniting is fired, after it fully burns, naturally cool to normal temperature, more cooling material is crossed to diameter 0.5cm sieve, then the material rear airing in stifling 2 weeks of sieving is that 5-8% is for subsequent use to humidity;
3) farm manure is made: the fresh corn straw chopping of harvesting is become to 3cm, the stalk of chopping is placed in to the cement pit of length × wide × height=2m × 2m × 1.5m, the thick crushing straw of every paving one deck 5cm (about 50kg) spreads equably one deck 1kg decomposing agent and 0.5kg urea and waters a small amount of water, flow into crushing straw layer with decomposing agent and be as the criterion, the farm crop that lid layer does not shred after filling whole pond are also placed on pond with film; After stalk fully becomes thoroughly decomposed (standard of fully becoming thoroughly decomposed is that stalk no longer declines after falling certain distance height), the farm manure airing of taking out after becoming thoroughly decomposed is pulverized in the time that humidity is 5-8%, crosses 0.5cm sieve for subsequent use;
4) preparation of floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco: get step 1), step 2 by above-mentioned parts by weight) and the product that makes of step 3), and add the nutritive medium fertilizer of 2-2.5 part together to mix, after stirring, obtain floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco.
When use, its seedbed management routinely using method of floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco uses.
Embodiments of the invention 2: floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco, by volume umber calculates, and comprises the soil of 35 parts, the fire soil of 35 parts and the farm manure of 30 parts.
The preparation method of floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco, comprises the steps:
1) preparation method of soil is with embodiment 1;
2) preparation method of fire soil is with embodiment 1;
3) farm manure making method is with embodiment 1;
4) preparation of floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco: get step 1), step 2 by above-mentioned parts by weight) and the product that makes of step 3) together mix, after stirring, obtain floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco.
Embodiments of the invention 3: floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco, by volume umber calculates, and comprises the soil of 38.75 parts, the fire soil of 38.75 parts, the farm manure of 20 parts and the nutritive medium fertilizer of 2 parts.
Preparation method is with embodiment 1.
In above embodiment, nutritive medium fertilizer is that Wenshan Prefecture's Qiubei County cigarette goods and materials limited liability company produces, and is also that big area production is upper used, its specification is: humic acid: >=15%, and total porosity: 70-80%, organic matter: >=20%, specific conductivity :≤800us/cm, pH:5.0-6.8.
Claims (6)
1. a floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco, is characterized in that: by volume umber calculates, and comprises soil, the fire soil of 30-45 part and the farm manure of 20-30 part of 30-45 part.
2. floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the nutritive medium fertilizer that also comprises 2-2.5 part.
3. a preparation method for floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
1) preparation of soil: getting apart from the ground degree of depth is the topsoil gong of 10～15cm middle fertility, crosses diameter 0.5cm sieve, then is that 5-8% is for subsequent use by the soil-fumigating sieving rear airing in 2 weeks to humidity;
2) preparation of fire soil: at dry fine day, digging weeds and the soil that earth's surface 3cm is thick tans by the sun 2 days, weeds after drying are mixed with the volume ratio of 3:1 with soil, and be deposited in a place and muffle up well, mixture igniting is fired, after it fully burns, naturally cool to normal temperature, more cooling material is crossed to diameter 0.5cm sieve, then the material rear airing in stifling 2 weeks of sieving is that 5-8% is for subsequent use to humidity;
3) farm manure is made: the fresh agricultural crop straw of harvesting is chopped into 3cm, after the stalk heap of chopping is put well, add decomposing agent, urea and water, carry out overlay film and become thoroughly decomposed, material airing after fully becoming thoroughly decomposed is 5-8% to humidity, then it is for subsequent use that the crushing material drying is crossed to 0.5cm sieve;
4) preparation of floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco: by step 1), step 2) and the product that makes of step 3) mix according to above-mentioned parts by weight, after stirring, obtain floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco.
4. the preparation method of floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco according to claim 3, is characterized in that: while mixing in step 4), add the nutritive medium fertilizer of 2-2.5 part together to mix.
5. the preparation method of floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco according to claim 3, is characterized in that: step 1) and step 2) described in stifling, adopt 98%-100% dazomet microgranules, the every cubic metre of soil sieving 300-350g dazomet.
6. the preparation method of floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco according to claim 3, is characterized in that: in step 3), add 1 part of decomposing agent and 0.5 part of urea in every 50 parts of crushing straws.
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Cited By (12)
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| CN104585009A (en) * | 2015-01-23 | 2015-05-06 | 农业部规划设计研究院 | Stereoscopic seedling device and stereoscopic seedling method for flue-cured tobacco |
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| CN106576995A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-04-26 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Special-purpose transplanting medium formula used for flue-cured tobacco variety NC297 |
| CN106576994A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-04-26 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Special transplanting matrix formula for flue cured tobacco variety NC89 |
| CN106717864A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-05-31 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | A kind of special transplanting medium formula for flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan cigarette 3 |
| CN106718273A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-05-31 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | A kind of special transplanting medium formula for flue-cured tobacco cultivars Zhongyan-100 |
| CN108605813A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2018-10-02 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | A kind of special transplanting medium formula for flue-cured tobacco cultivars cloud and mist 99 |
| CN108605801A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2018-10-02 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | A kind of special transplanting medium formula for flue-cured tobacco cultivars Guangdong cigarette 97 |
| CN108605802A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2018-10-02 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | A kind of special transplanting medium formula for flue-cured tobacco cultivars NC71 |
| CN108605770A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2018-10-02 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | A kind of special transplanting medium formula for flue-cured tobacco cultivars H892 |
| CN108605771A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2018-10-02 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | A kind of special transplanting medium formula for flue-cured tobacco cultivars Guangdong cigarette 98 |
| CN111492934A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-08-07 | 湖南省烟草公司永州市公司 | Novel environment-friendly tobacco floating seedling substrate and preparation method and application thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104585009A (en) * | 2015-01-23 | 2015-05-06 | 农业部规划设计研究院 | Stereoscopic seedling device and stereoscopic seedling method for flue-cured tobacco |
| CN105850685A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-08-17 | 凉山州蜀润农业科技有限公司 | Vegetable seedling substrate |
| CN106576995A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-04-26 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Special-purpose transplanting medium formula used for flue-cured tobacco variety NC297 |
| CN106576994A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-04-26 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Special transplanting matrix formula for flue cured tobacco variety NC89 |
| CN106717864A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-05-31 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | A kind of special transplanting medium formula for flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan cigarette 3 |
| CN106718273A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-05-31 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | A kind of special transplanting medium formula for flue-cured tobacco cultivars Zhongyan-100 |
| CN108605813A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2018-10-02 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | A kind of special transplanting medium formula for flue-cured tobacco cultivars cloud and mist 99 |
| CN108605801A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2018-10-02 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | A kind of special transplanting medium formula for flue-cured tobacco cultivars Guangdong cigarette 97 |
| CN108605802A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2018-10-02 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | A kind of special transplanting medium formula for flue-cured tobacco cultivars NC71 |
| CN108605770A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2018-10-02 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | A kind of special transplanting medium formula for flue-cured tobacco cultivars H892 |
| CN108605771A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2018-10-02 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | A kind of special transplanting medium formula for flue-cured tobacco cultivars Guangdong cigarette 98 |
| CN111492934A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-08-07 | 湖南省烟草公司永州市公司 | Novel environment-friendly tobacco floating seedling substrate and preparation method and application thereof |
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