CN103980054B - A kind of floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco and preparation method thereof, by volume number calculates, including the farm manure of the soil of 30-45 part, fiery native and 20-30 part of 30-45 part, the nutritional solution fertilizer of 2-2.5 part.The seedling medium of flue-cured tobacco has been carried out substituting completely by the present invention, filter out applicable material composition and proportioning, can effectively improve tobacco seedlings emergence rate and planting percent, promote tobacco seedling growth, improve seedling quality, tobacco seedlings emergence rate reaches 85%, thinning fill the gaps with seedlings after planting percent reach 97.5%, seedling quality is high, compared with the floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco of conventional substrate, there is cane sturdy, well developed root system, seasoned, drought resistance and strong stress resistance, the advantages such as fast are survived after transplanting, and do not use the peat composed of rotten mosses, reduce the exploitation to non-renewable resources, protection environmental resource, environmentally safe during making, serve the effect of protection environment, and the wide material sources of material of the present invention, draw materials without geographical restrictions, manufacture method is simple, significantly reduce the cost of floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural technology field, especially a kind of floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Floating seedlings is the major way of intensive seedling production in current tobacco planting, and during nursery, substrate plays fixing tobacco root system, absorption and cushions nutritional solution, provides the effects such as good rhizospheric environment.And Friendly tobacco seedling raising medium mostly is mixed-matrix, formula is more complicated, and production cost is high.Friendly tobacco seedling raising medium is many to be made up of the peat composed of rotten mosses, Vermiculitum, expanded perlite etc., and its peat composed of rotten mosses content is high and be non-renewable resources.Along with the spread of floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco, substrate demand constantly rises, and peat composed of rotten mosses amount answers gesture to increase sharply, and environment causes relatively havoc.It addition, along with various price of materials rise steadily, substrate price amount of increase is relatively big, causes that seedling cost improves constantly.Therefore, exploitation environmental protection, low cost, the simple floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco of use are extremely urgent.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to: a kind of floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco and preparation method thereof is provided, its high tobacco seedlings emergence rate of energy and planting percent, promotion tobacco seedling growth, raising seedling quality, and with low cost, the feature of environmental protection good, manufacture method is simple, to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.
The present invention is achieved in that floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco, and by volume number calculates, including the farm manure of the soil of 30-45 part, fiery native and 20-30 part of 30-45 part.
Also include the nutritional solution fertilizer of 2-2.5 part.
The preparation method of floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco, comprises the steps:
1) preparation of soil: take the topsoil that the distance ground degree of depth is 10～15cm middle fertility, crosses diameter 0.5cm sieve, then by fully air-breathing after stifling 2 weeks of the soil dazomet that sieves, dry in the sun is that 5-8% is standby to humidity；
2) preparation of fire soil: at dry fine day, dig weeds thick for earth's surface 3cm and tan by the sun 2 days with soil, weeds after drying are mixed with the volume ratio of 3:1 with soil, and be deposited in a place and muffle up well, mixed material igniting is fired, after it fully burn, naturally cool to room temperature, then cooling material crossed diameter 0.5cm sieve, then the material dazomet that will sieve fumigate 2 weeks after dry in the sun be that 5-8% is standby to humidity；
3) farm manure makes: the fresh agricultural crop straw (available crops include Semen Maydis, Oryza sativa L., Semen Tritici aestivi, Brassica campestris L or vernal crop diversity etc.) of harvesting is chopped into 3cm, the straw of chopping is piled after putting well, add decomposing agent, carbamide and water, carry out overlay film to become thoroughly decomposed, material dry in the sun after fully becoming thoroughly decomposed is 5-8% to humidity, then it is standby that the crushing material dried is crossed 0.5cm sieve；
4) preparation of floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco: by step 1), step 2) and step 3) prepare product mix according to above-mentioned parts by weight, after stirring, it is thus achieved that floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco.
When mixing in step 4), the nutritional solution fertilizer adding 2-2.5 part together mixes.
Step 1) and step 2) described in dazomet effective ingredient be: tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thioketone；Consumption: every cubic metre of soil 300-350g98%-100% dazomet microgranule, method: be operated by dazomet using method.
In step 3), every 50 parts of crushing straws add 1 part of decomposing agent and 0.5 part of carbamide.
In order to verify the technique effect of the present invention further, carry out tests below:
1, the soil handled well is admixed different proportion treated fire soil, plant ash, coal ash, 19 process of design altogether, each process 10 dish (162 hole floating seedling trays that land for growing field crops uses, lower same), every hole one seed of point, by each process emerge and seedling situation determine proportioning thing and optimum proportioning thereof, detailed proportioning and effect are as shown in table 1.
It is appreciated that according to table 1, soil is almost nil with the different ratio thing emergence rate of plant ash and planting percent, emerging of single soil is poor with seedling effect, soil is relatively low with the proportioning thing emergence rate of coal ash and planting percent, soil is emerged with the proportioning thing of fire soil and seedling is relative better, emergence rate and planting percent are up to process 5, best with fire soil for proportioning thing effect, and fire soil is 1:1 with soil optimal proportion.
2, the treated farm manure of different proportion is being admixed according in the proportioning thing filtered out in test 1,5 process of design, each process 10 dish, every hole one seed of point altogether, being emerged by each process and seedling situation determines the optimum proportioning of farm manure, detailed proportioning and effect are as shown in table 2.
According to table 2 it is known that add farm manure can be effectively improved emergence rate and planting percent, when especially adding 20-30 part farm manure, emergence rate and planting percent are all about 80%, but all tobacco seedling growths are slow, and excessively thin and weak after seedling, nutritional solution fertilizer absorption efficiency is low.
3, on the basis of test 2, different proportion nutritional solution fertilizer is admixed, 12 process of design altogether, each process 10 dish, often dish multiple spot 20% seed, during thinning, weak Seedling or hole are filled, by each process emerge and seedling situation determines the optimum proportioning of farm manure, detailed proportioning and effect are as shown in table 3.
From implementation result, suitably have additional nutrients the admixing of liquid fertilizer material, be conducive to emerging and seedling of tobacco seedlings, after soil mixes with fire soil equal proportion, when admixing 20-30 part farm manure, 2.0-2.5 part nutritional solution fertilizer, tobacco seedlings emergence rate is high with planting percent, and tobacco seedlings cane is sturdy, well developed root system, and seedling age about 70 days is suitable for transplanting.
4,70 days seedling age stalwartness tobacco seedlings in test 3 are chosen, of the right age healthy and strong each 300 of the tobacco seedlings of conventional substrate is transplanted, fertilizer is used by product of looking unfamiliar greatly, waters that enough determining does not water in root water one week after carries out drought resisting contrast during transplanting, and the whole Production of Large Fields phase does not use any pesticide.From drought resisting situation, conventional substrate of not watering in week tobacco seedlings survival rate is 41.33%, and the tobacco seedlings survival rate in test 3 is 95.66%；From growing state, the conventional substrate tobacco seedlings root of hair time, at about 7 days, about the 30 days group's of entrance phase, tests the tobacco seedlings root of hair when about 3 days in 3, about the 25 days group's of entrance phase；From disease incidence, the sickness rate of conventional substrate tobacco seedlings cigarette strain is 11.33%, and the tobacco seedlings cigarette strain sickness rate in test 3 is 4.66%；Economical character is as shown in table 4, and the tobacco seedlings field growing way in test 3 is substantially better than conventional substrate tobacco seedlings.
The seedling medium of flue-cured tobacco has been carried out substituting completely by the present invention, having filtered out the composition and proportioning that are suitable for, can effectively improve tobacco seedlings emergence rate and planting percent, promotion tobacco seedling growth, improve seedling quality, tobacco seedlings emergence rate reaches 85%, thinning fill the gaps with seedlings after planting percent reach 97.5%, seedling quality is high.Compared with the floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco of conventional substrate, have that cane is sturdy, survive the advantages such as fast after well developed root system, seasoned, drought resistance and strong stress resistance, transplanting.Do not use the peat composed of rotten mosses, reduce the exploitation to non-renewable resources, protect environmental resource, environmentally safe during making, serve the effect of protection environment.Material source is extensive, draws materials without geographical restrictions, and manufacture method is simple, significantly reduces the cost of floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiments of the invention 1: floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco, by volume number calculates, including the soil of 33.75 parts, the fire soil of 33.75 parts, the farm manure of 30 parts and 2.5 parts nutritional solution fertilizer.
The preparation method of floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco, comprises the steps:
1) preparation of soil: take the topsoil that the distance ground degree of depth is 10～15cm middle fertility, crosses diameter 0.5cm sieve, then is that 5-8% is standby by dry in the sun after the soil-fumigating that sieves 2 weeks to humidity；
2) preparation of fire soil: at dry fine day, dig weeds thick for earth's surface 3cm and tan by the sun 2 days with soil, weeds after drying are mixed with the volume ratio of 3:1 with soil, and be deposited in a place muffle up well (prevent burning after material be blown away), mixed material igniting is fired, after it fully burn, naturally cool to room temperature, then cooling material crossed diameter 0.5cm sieve, then the material that will sieve fumigate 2 weeks after dry in the sun be that 5-8% is standby to humidity；
3) farm manure makes: the fresh corn straw chopping of harvesting is become 3cm, the straw of chopping is placed in the cement pit of length × wide × height=2m × 2m × 1.5m, often one layer of 5cm thickness crushing straw (about 50kg) of paving is then spread one layer of 1kg decomposing agent and 0.5kg carbamide equably and waters a small amount of water, flowing into crushing straw layer with decomposing agent to be as the criterion, lid layer does not shred after filling whole pond crops are also placed on pond with thin film；After straw fully becomes thoroughly decomposed (standard fully become thoroughly decomposed is, straw no longer declines after dropping certain distance height), take out when the farm manure dry in the sun after becoming thoroughly decomposed is 5-8% to humidity and pulverize, cross 0.5cm sieve standby；
4) preparation of floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco: take step 1), step 2 by above-mentioned parts by weight) and the product for preparing of step 3), and the nutritional solution fertilizer adding 2-2.5 part together mixes, after stirring, it is thus achieved that floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco.
During use, the using method of its seedbed management floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco routinely uses.
Embodiments of the invention 2: floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco, by volume number calculates, including the soil of 35 parts, the fire soil of 35 parts and the farm manure of 30 parts.
The preparation method of floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco, comprises the steps:
1) preparation method of soil is with embodiment 1；
2) preparation method of fire soil is with embodiment 1；
3) farm manure manufacture method is with embodiment 1；
4) preparation of floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco: take step 1), step 2 by above-mentioned parts by weight) and step 3) prepare product together mix, after stirring, it is thus achieved that floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco.
Embodiments of the invention 3: floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco, by volume number calculates, including the soil of 38.75 parts, the fire soil of 38.75 parts, the farm manure of 20 parts and 2 parts nutritional solution fertilizer.
Preparation method is with embodiment 1.
In above example, nutritional solution fertilizer is that Wenshan Prefecture Qiubei County cigarette goods and materials Co., Ltd produces, be also large area produce upper used by, its specification is: humic acid: >=15%, total porosity: 70-80%, organic: >=20%, electrical conductivity :≤800us/cm, pH:5.0-6.8.
Claims (2)
1. the preparation method of a floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco, it is characterised in that: comprise the steps:
1) preparation of soil: take the topsoil that the distance ground degree of depth is 10～15cm middle fertility, crosses diameter 0.5cm sieve, then is that 5-8% is standby by dry in the sun after the soil-fumigating that sieves 2 weeks to humidity；Stifling described in step 1), adopts 98%-100% dazomet microgranule, the soil 300-350g dazomet that every cubic metre is sieved；
2) preparation of fire soil: at dry fine day, dig weeds thick for earth's surface 3cm and tan by the sun 2 days with soil, weeds after drying are mixed with the volume ratio of 3:1 with soil, and be deposited in a place and muffle up well, mixed material igniting is fired, after it fully burn, naturally cool to room temperature, then cooling material crossed diameter 0.5cm sieve, then the material that will sieve fumigate 2 weeks after dry in the sun be that 5-8% is standby to humidity；Step 2) described in stifling be adopt 98%-100% dazomet microgranule；
3) farm manure makes: the fresh agricultural crop straw of harvesting is chopped into 3cm, the straw of chopping is piled after putting well, add decomposing agent, carbamide and water, carry out overlay film and become thoroughly decomposed, material dry in the sun after fully becoming thoroughly decomposed is 5-8% to humidity, then it is standby that the crushing material dried is crossed 0.5cm sieve；
4) preparation of floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco: by step 1), step 2) and step 3) prepare product according to parts by weight calculate, the soil of 30-45 part, the fire soil of 30-45 part, the farm manure of 20-30 part and the nutritional solution fertilizer of 2-2.5 part are mixed, after stirring, it is thus achieved that floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco.
2. the preparation method of floating seedling cultivation substrate for flue-cured tobacco according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 3), every 50 parts of crushing straws add 1 part of decomposing agent and 0.5 part of carbamide.
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| CN104585009A (en) * | 2015-01-23 | 2015-05-06 | 农业部规划设计研究院 | Stereoscopic seedling device and stereoscopic seedling method for flue-cured tobacco |
| CN105850685A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-08-17 | 凉山州蜀润农业科技有限公司 | Vegetable seedling substrate |
| CN106576995A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-04-26 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Special-purpose transplanting medium formula used for flue-cured tobacco variety NC297 |
| CN106717864A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-05-31 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | A kind of special transplanting medium formula for flue-cured tobacco cultivars Hunan cigarette 3 |
| CN106718273A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-05-31 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | A kind of special transplanting medium formula for flue-cured tobacco cultivars Zhongyan-100 |
| CN108605771A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2018-10-02 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | A kind of special transplanting medium formula for flue-cured tobacco cultivars Guangdong cigarette 98 |
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| CN106576994A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-04-26 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Special transplanting matrix formula for flue cured tobacco variety NC89 |
| CN108605770A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2018-10-02 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | A kind of special transplanting medium formula for flue-cured tobacco cultivars H892 |
| CN108605813A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2018-10-02 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | A kind of special transplanting medium formula for flue-cured tobacco cultivars cloud and mist 99 |
| CN111492934A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-08-07 | 湖南省烟草公司永州市公司 | Novel environment-friendly tobacco floating seedling substrate and preparation method and application thereof |
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