CN110612881A

CN110612881A - Tobacco planting floating seedling method

Info

Publication number: CN110612881A
Application number: CN201910963084.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 范才银; 罗维斌; 单雪华; 黄银章; 詹良; 颜成生; 盛丰; 向鹏华; 周劲东; 母婷婷; 肖志鹏; 陈智杰; 陈黎; 肖亦雄; 刘勇; 刘治平; 曾惠宇; 唐信柱; 杨会超
Original assignee: HENGYANG BRANCH OF HUNAN TOBACCO Co
Current assignee: HENGYANG BRANCH OF HUNAN TOBACCO Co
Priority date: 2019-10-11
Filing date: 2019-10-11
Publication date: 2019-12-27

Abstract

The invention discloses a tobacco planting floating seedling method, which specifically comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: sterilizing; step two: leveling a nutrition pool, filling a film and adding water; step three: loading a plate; step four: sowing; step five: managing nutrient solution; step six: and (5) seedling stage management. Selecting a floating seedling raising field and a floating seedling raising device before disinfection; disinfection management after seedling management; the whole tobacco planting floating seedling method is complete in system, so that the problems of seedling burning, slow growth speed, uneven growth speed and easiness in oxygen deficiency and decay existing in common tobacco planting floating seedling are solved, the yield and quality of tobacco cultivation production are improved, the harvesting time is prolonged, and the use amount of pesticides is limited and reduced.

Description

Tobacco planting floating seedling method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco planting, in particular to a floating seedling method for tobacco planting.

Background

In order to solve the problems that the nutrition is difficult to control and the soil is difficult to damage by diseases and insects in the traditional tobacco planting process, a novel tobacco planting and seedling method is invented, namely, the tobacco planting and floating seedling is characterized in that a foam plug tray filled with a light seedling substrate floats on the water surface, seeds are sowed in the substrate, tobacco seedlings are rooted and grow in the seedling substrate and can absorb water and nutrients from the substrate and a water bed, and the method mainly comprises sterilization before seedling, and comprises the steps of sterilizing the floating tray, sterilizing the substrate, sowing, floating cultivation and the like. The tobacco planting floating seedling culture starts at the end of the 80 th 20 th century, and the current tobacco planting industry adopts a floating seedling culture method for seedling culture. Compared with the traditional tobacco seedling culture method, the method has the advantages of reducing the labor for transplanting, saving the seedling culture land, facilitating the tobacco seedling management, being beneficial to culturing strong seedlings, improving the seedling rate and the like. Because the existing tobacco planting floating seedling method still has some technical defects, the problems of seedling burning, slow growth speed and uneven growth speed can occur when the floating tray is used for cultivation.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a tobacco planting floating seedling method to solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to realize the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a tobacco planting floating seedling method specifically comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: and (3) disinfection: using a floating plate for more than one year, cleaning and disinfecting sundries attached to the floating plate before seedling culture;

step two: leveling a nutrition pool, filling a film and adding water: 7-10 days before sowing, firstly leveling the nutrition pool which is not hardened, and taking out stones and sand in the pool; then, the nutrition pool is well padded with a pad membrane, and well water or tap water with the depth of 8-10cm is put in the nutrition pool; finally, directly scattering 15-20 g of powdery bleaching powder into the pond water for disinfection per ton of water, stirring the pond water to allow chlorine to overflow, and sealing the greenhouse;

step three: loading a plate: firstly, before the seedling is placed in the tray, turning over the floating tray, and observing the integrity of each seedling growing hole from the bottom surface of the floating tray; then pouring the matrix on a clean plastic cloth or cement ground, and uniformly mixing the ginseng water; finally, filling the holes of the floating disc with the matrix, and repeatedly and horizontally throwing for 2-3 times;

step four: sowing: when sowing, firstly, a hole pressing plate is used or the seeding pit is pressed by a hand; then sowing 1-2 seeds in each small pit by using a hand or a seeder; then, lightly scattering a small amount of matrix on the seeds by hands, preferably to conceal the seeds, and fully contacting the matrix after the coated seeds are sowed; finally, the floating plate is placed in a seedling raising pool within 2 hours after sowing, and the draught of the floating plate is 1-1.5 cm; after each seedling raising pond is filled with the floating disc, immediately covering a small shed film;

step five: management of nutrient solution: the first fertilization is carried out in a seedling emergence and seedling leveling period of 75 percent, 1 kg of seedling raising fertilizer is added into each ton of water, nutrient solution can not be splashed onto the leaves when the fertilizer is added, and the fertilizer is uniformly added; the second fertilization is carried out in the 3-leaf stage, and 0.7 kg of seedling raising fertilizer is added in each ton of water; in the growing process of tobacco seedlings, the water level in the pool cannot be lower than 5cm, when the water level is insufficient, water is timely added to 8-10cm, and proper water spraying is carried out;

step six: seedling stage management: the seedling management comprises the following contents:

firstly, the method comprises the following steps: personnel allocation and management: 1-3 technicians are equipped for guidance management according to 5-8 common greenhouses, and the temperature and the humidity in the greenhouses are observed at least 2 times every day and recorded on a case;

secondly, the method comprises the following steps: thinning and final singling: in the small cross period, redundant tobacco seedlings in each hole are removed, and the seedlings are replenished in the holes, so that each hole is ensured to have only one normal seedling with basically consistent size;

thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: adding water: in the seedling raising process, if the water in the pond is lower than the marking water level of 6cm due to evaporation, adding water to the marking position;

fourthly: temperature and humidity management: managing by uncovering the greenhouse film, wherein in the seedling growing process, the days with the relative humidity of more than 90 percent do not exceed 3 days, otherwise, ventilation and moisture removal are needed; the thermometer should be hung in the central position of the middle section of the small shed, the hanging height is 4-5 cm from the surface of the seedling tray before seedling emergence, and 4-5 cm from the top end of the tobacco seedling after seedling emergence;

fifth, the method comprises the following steps: leaf shearing: when five leaves of the tobacco seedlings are in one core or most of the tobacco seedlings are erected, mutually connected and shaded, cutting the tobacco leaves once every 5 to 7 days, and carrying out under-film transplanting for 2 to 3 times; the pruning height is 3-4 cm from the seedling growing point, 1/3 of the largest leaf is pruned by primary leaf pruning, 1/2 of the largest leaf is pruned later, and the shed film is closed 3-5 days after leaf pruning;

sixth: disease control: the medicament is used for preventing and treating anthracnose, damping-off and virus diseases by adopting 25 percent metalaxyl 500-fold liquid or 70 percent thiophanate methyl 1000-fold 1500-fold liquid, and is prevented by using Dongwang virus-killing 1000-fold 1500-fold liquid;

seventh: hardening seedlings: transplanting under the film 7-15 days before transplanting, intermittently cutting off water for tobacco seedling, and properly uncovering the covering film to enhance ventilation and illumination, so as to adapt to external environment in advance; when the temperature is lower than 0 ℃, taking heat preservation measures;

eighth: strong seedling standard: the stem is 6-10cm high, the stem circumference is 1-2cm, 4-5 functional leaves are provided, the leaves are light green, the tea leaves are clear and have no disease, the root system is developed, the stem flexibility is good, the leaf cutting frequency is 2-3 times, the seedling hardening time is not less than 10 days, and the seedling age is 60-70 days.

Preferably, the tobacco planting floating seedling method further comprises the following steps: the seedling raising field is selected from a paddy field or a dry land which is leeward and exposed to the sun, has flat terrain and low underground water level, is close to a clean water source, is convenient to drain and irrigate and convenient to transport, is used for planting solanaceae and cruciferae crops in the front, is isolated from poultry and livestock, and is forbidden to build a shed or a seedling raising workshop at a wind gap, a mountain root and a place with higher underground water level.

Preferably, the tobacco planting floating seedling method further comprises the selection of floating seedling equipment, and the selection of the floating seedling equipment specifically comprises the following steps:

s1, greenhouse specification: the common seedling raising greenhouse is 30m long, 6m wide and 2.5m high, the length and the width of the greenhouse film are 36m multiplied by 8m, the film thickness is 0.1+0.02mm, 2 or 4 seedling raising ponds are accommodated in the greenhouse, plastic steel pipes or cement prefabricated parts are used as arch frames, one arch is arranged every 1.2m, and a tree pile is arranged in the middle every 1.5-2 m; the greenhouse is built by using a non-drop film, skirt films are arranged on two sides of the greenhouse, a fixed door is established at least one end of the greenhouse, the height of the door is 1.6 meters, the width of the door is 0.5 meters, the height of the ground is 0.1 meter, drainage surrounding ditches with the depth and the width of 30-40cm are dug around the greenhouse, and the distance between the greenhouse and the greenhouse is more than 2 meters. The ventilation part is provided with an insect-proof net;

s2, fixing the specification of the seedling raising pond: 2 or 4 seedling raising ponds are arranged in each greenhouse; 2 seedling raising ponds in each greenhouse are 29.28m long, 2.4m wide and 15cm-18cm deep, 301 seedling raising floating trays with 200 holes can be placed in each seedling raising pond for 50 mu of field seedlings, the sides of the pond are built into 6cm wide and 18cm high by red bricks, 500 red bricks are needed for each pond, cement mortar is applied to the bottom of the pond, cement milk slurry is uniformly scraped to the sides and the bottom of the pond, central passageways of the two ponds and the periphery of the pond are brushed and leveled by the cement mortar, 38 holes with 6mm are formed in the center line of each pond side every 80cm by a hammer, the hole depth is 8-10cm, 38 iron arches with 5mm are formed, and the length of each iron arch is 3.4 m; the length and width of the film-laying film of each seedling raising pool are 31m multiplied by 3.2m, and the length and width of the film-covering film are 33m multiplied by 3.4 m; each seedling raising pond is provided with 4 seedling raising ponds in each greenhouse, the length of each pond is 14.3m, the width of each pond is 2.4m, the depth of each pond is 15cm-18cm, each seedling raising pond can be provided with 147 seedling raising floating trays with 200 holes for 24 mu of field seedlings, the sides of each pond are built with red bricks, the width of each pond is 6cm, the height of each pond is 18cm, and each pond needs 250 red bricks; 2-3cm of cement mortar is punched at the bottom of the pool, the edges and the bottom of the pool are uniformly scraped with cement mortar, the center passages, the transverse passages and the peripheries of the two pools are brushed and leveled with the cement mortar, 18 holes with the depth of 8-10cm are punched on the center line of each pool edge at intervals of 80cm by using a hammer, 18 iron arches with the length of 5mm are punched, and the length of each iron arch is 3.4 meters; the length and the width of the film of each seedling pond are 15m multiplied by 3.2m, and the length and the width of the film of each seedling pond are 16m multiplied by 3.4 m;

s3, seedling cultivation workshop: comprises a triplet seedling growing workshop and a quintuplet sports seedling workshop;

the triplet seedling raising workshop is 19.1 meters long in pond, 3.09 meters wide and 0.18 meter deep, 252 floating trays can be placed, 12 seedling raising ponds are arranged in each triplet, and 500 mu of field tobacco seedlings can be raised 3024 in each triplet;

in the five-conjoined seedling raising workshop, 2 intercrosses are longitudinally arranged on each span of the greenhouse, each span is divided into 6 standard seedling raising pools, the specification is 19.75 meters multiplied by 2.4 meters, 203 floating trays with the specification of 0.68 multiplied by 0.34 meters can be placed in each standard seedling raising pool, and 168 floating trays of the seedling raising pool with a buffer room are arranged; 2 buffer rooms in each five-combined-body 30 seedling raising pool can be used for placing 6020 floating plates to raise 1000 mu of field tobacco seedlings;

s4, seedling raising material: including floating plate, big-arch shelter, canopy membrane, pond membrane, epiphragma, matrix, nutrient solution, seed and pressure cave board, floating plate makes the check dish with polyethylene, and the specification is: the length is 68 cm, the width is 34 cm, the thickness is 6cm, 200 holes are formed in each plate, and 200 seedlings can be grown.

Preferably, the tobacco planting floating seedling method further comprises disinfection management, and the disinfection management specifically comprises the following processes:

the first process is as follows: washing hands before entering a seedling shed, applying an antiviral agent for prevention before leaf cutting, disinfecting a cutter of a leaf cutting instrument by using concentrated soap water or 30% bleaching powder, and then cutting leaves;

and a second process: before leaf cutting, checking tobacco seedlings in a seedling shed, removing and disinfecting diseased plants, washing hands with soap water, and then cutting leaves;

and a third process: cutting tobacco leaves by an electric leaf cutter, and sterilizing every time when cutting tobacco seedlings in a pool;

and (4) a fourth process: after the leaves are cut, disinfecting a leaf cutting instrument and then storing, simultaneously, timely treating the cut tobacco leaves out of the shed, and cleaning the broken leaves falling on the seedling tray;

and a fifth process: the method comprises the following steps of (1) setting a hand washing pool and a foot bottom disinfection pool, wherein the hand washing pool is set at an inlet of each flue-cured tobacco floating seedling group, and the foot bottom disinfection pool is set at an inlet of each greenhouse; preparing standby soap in a hand washing pool, washing hands of all people entering a floating seedling raising area with the soap, and then washing the hands with clear water; adding potassium permanganate 1 into the sole disinfection tank: 2000-1: 5000 solution, all the personnel entering the floating seedling growing area sterilize the soles in the sterilizing tank and then enter the floating seedling growing greenhouse.

Preferably, the sterilization in the first step specifically includes one or more of the following methods:

the method comprises the following steps: soaking each hole of the floating disc with 300 times of 25% metalaxyl manganese zinc solution, taking out and stacking the holes orderly, covering the holes with films for 24 hours, rinsing the holes once with clear water while the water is not dry, and airing the holes for later use;

the second method comprises the following steps: spraying 1-2% formalin or 0.5-0.1% potassium permanganate solution, covering with film, fumigating for 1-2 days, and washing with clear water;

the third method comprises the following steps: the use ratio is 4: soaking the floating disc with 100% clear lime water, and air-drying for later use;

the method four comprises the following steps: adding water to the bleaching powder according to a certain ratio of 1:2 for disinfection, putting the floating disc into a liquid storage tank for soaking for 15-20 minutes, and taking out and cleaning.

Preferably, the even moisture content of the ginseng water in the step three after being mixed with water is based on the standard of kneading into a dough and dispersing when touching.

Preferably, three steps of the tray loading are as follows: the filling substrate can not be pressed forcefully, so that the moderate filling tightness degree of the substrate and the proper water-entering depth of the floating disc are ensured, and the water-entering depth is 1-1.5 cm.

Preferably, the temperature and humidity management in the sixth step specifically includes the following measures:

firstly, heat preservation measures are taken from sowing to seedling emergence so as to obtain the maximum seedling emergence rate and improve the seedling emergence uniformity; and note that: controlling the air temperature at a position 5-10 cm above the floating disc in the germination period to be 28 ℃, and if the air temperature exceeds 30 ℃, ventilating and cooling;

secondly, heat preservation is mainly carried out from seedling emergence to the cross stage, the temperature of 5-10 cm on the tray is kept at 25-30 ℃, ventilation and moisture removal are carried out under the condition that the temperature is high in noon in fine days, carbon dioxide is supplemented, photosynthesis is enhanced, plant diseases and insect pests are prevented from happening, seedlings are prevented from being injured at high temperature, when the temperature is lower than 20 ℃, the greenhouse is closed for heat preservation, and the ventilation time cannot be too long;

thirdly, from the cross period to the seedling formation, the extreme temperature is mainly avoided, special attention is paid to ventilation along with the return rise of the air temperature, and the temperature in the greenhouse cannot exceed 30 ℃;

fourthly, the requirement of relative humidity in the greenhouse is as follows: sowing till the seedling aligning period is kept at 80-90%, the small cross period is kept at 70-80%, and the large cross period is kept at 55-70%; when the humidity is low, the film closing time is prolonged, and the ventilation times are reduced; when the humidity is higher, increasing the ventilation times and prolonging the ventilation time;

rolling up the surrounding skirt film in the seedling stage, and increasing the ventilation volume to make the tobacco seedlings adapt to the external temperature and humidity conditions.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the tobacco planting floating seedling method solves the problems of seedling burning, slow growth speed, uneven growth speed and easy oxygen deficiency and decay of common tobacco planting floating seedling, improves the yield and quality of tobacco cultivation production, prolongs the harvesting time, and limits and reduces the use amount of pesticides.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a process flow of a tobacco planting floating seedling method.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the case of the example 1, the following examples are given,

as shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a technical solution: a tobacco planting floating seedling method specifically comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: and (3) disinfection: cleaning and sterilizing sundries attached to a floating plate before seedling culture by using the floating plate for more than one year, soaking each hole of the floating plate by using a 25% metalaxyl manganese zinc 300-fold solution, taking out and stacking the floating plate to be orderly, covering a film stack for 24 hours, rinsing the floating plate once with clear water when the floating plate is not dry, and airing the floating plate for later use;

step two: leveling a nutrition pool, filling a film and adding water: 7-10 days before sowing, firstly leveling the nutrition pool which is not hardened, and taking out stones and sand in the pool; then, the nutrition pool is well padded with a pad membrane, and well water or tap water with the depth of 8-10cm is put in the nutrition pool; finally, directly scattering 15-20 g of powdery bleaching powder into the pond water per ton of water for disinfection, stirring the pond water to allow chlorine to overflow, sealing the greenhouse, preheating the pond water, and conveniently checking whether the nutrition pond leaks water;

step three: loading a plate: firstly, before the seedling is placed in the tray, turning over the floating tray, and observing the integrity of each seedling growing hole from the bottom surface of the floating tray; then pouring the matrix on a clean plastic cloth or cement ground, and uniformly mixing the ginseng water; finally, filling the holes of the floating disc with the matrix, and repeatedly and lightly throwing for 2-3 times (paying attention to the fact that the filling matrix cannot be pressed forcefully) to ensure that the filling tightness of the matrix is proper and the depth of the floating disc in water is proper (about 1-1.5 cm, the floating disc is placed in the floating pool, and the holes without the filling matrix are observed to be just penetrated by water to the bottom surface of the holes);

step four: sowing: all the improved seeds are coated by accelerating germination, and when sowing, a hole pressing plate or a hand is used for slightly scraping and pressing to press out a small sowing pit; then, sowing 1-2 seeds in each small pit by using a hand or a seeder (about 70% of holes in each floating disc are sown one seed, about 30% of holes are sown 2 seeds, the sowing amount of each disc is generally determined according to the seeds to be distributed, and the seeds cannot be wasted); then, a small amount of matrix is lightly scattered by hands to cover the seeds, so that the tobacco seedlings can be prevented from growing spiral roots; seeds are hidden and seen, and the coated seeds are fully contacted with a matrix after being sowed so as to ensure that the moisture is absorbed; finally, the floating plate is placed in a seedling raising pool within 2 hours after sowing, the floating plate cannot be placed in the seedling raising pool overnight, and the draught of the floating plate is 1-1.5 cm; the seeding is carried out by using a special seeder for floating seedling, and the operation method is adopted. For manual dibbling, a small hole of 5mm needs to be drilled in the center of a seedling culture hole matrix; after each seedling raising pond is filled with the floating disc, immediately covering a small shed film;

step five: management of nutrient solution: water is an important factor for the success and failure of seedling culture, and the disinfected and filtered tap water or well water can be used for floating seedling culture, and pond water, ditch water and sewage can not be used, and can not be used for preparing nutrient solution. The first fertilization is carried out in a seedling emergence and seedling leveling period of 75 percent, 1 kg of seedling raising fertilizer is added into each ton of water, nutrient solution can not be splashed onto the leaves when the fertilizer is added, and the fertilizer is uniformly added; the second fertilization is carried out in the 3-leaf stage, and 0.7 kg of seedling raising fertilizer is added in each ton of water; in the growing process of tobacco seedlings, the water level in the pool cannot be lower than 5cm, and when the water level is not lower than 5cm, water is added to 8-10cm in time to keep the concentration of the nutrient solution not too high. In order to prevent the surface of the matrix from being salted, proper water spraying is carried out;

firstly, the method comprises the following steps: personnel allocation and management: 1-3 technicians are equipped for guidance management according to 5-8 common greenhouses, the temperature and the humidity in the greenhouses are observed at least 2 times every day and recorded on a case, and the problems are found and solved in time. 1-3 people can be equipped in each seedling raising workshop to guide management;

thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: adding water: in the seedling raising process, if the water in the pond is lower than the marked water level of 6cm due to evaporation, adding water to the marked position to keep the concentration of the nutrient solution not too high and prevent the surface of the floating plate from being salted;

fifth, the method comprises the following steps: leaf shearing: the leaf cutting function. Firstly, shading is reduced, and the illumination of tobacco seedlings is increased; secondly, controlling the size, promoting the tobacco seedlings to grow evenly and increasing the number of available seedlings; thirdly, controlling the upper part and promoting the lower part, promoting the rough roots of stems to be luxuriant, developing the root system and quickly returning seedlings after transplanting; and fourthly, the flexibility of the transplanting period is increased. When five leaves of the tobacco seedlings are in one core or most of the tobacco seedlings are erected, mutually connected and shaded, cutting the tobacco leaves once every 5 to 7 days, and carrying out under-film transplanting for 2 to 3 times; the pruning height is 3-4 cm from the seedling growing point, 1/3 of the largest leaf is pruned by leaf pruning for the first time, 1/2 of the largest leaf is pruned later, the heart leaf cannot be damaged every time, and the leaf cannot be pruned excessively, otherwise, the tobacco seedling can yellow leaves to influence the normal growth of the tobacco seedling. When the leaves are cut, the tobacco seedlings are dried, preferably in the afternoon of a sunny day, the cut tobacco leaves are taken out of the seedling shed, and manual leaf cutting is needed in places where a leaf cutting machine is insufficient. The roots are properly cut while the leaves are cut, and the cut leaves are necessarily processed outside the shed in a centralized way. If the temperature is low, closing the greenhouse film 3-5 days after leaf cutting to prevent cold damage and frozen seedlings;

sixth: disease control: in the floating seedling culture, the most common diseases are anthracnose, damping-off and damping-off, the medicament prevention and control adopts 25 percent metalaxyl 500-fold liquid or 70 percent thiophanate methyl 1000-fold liquid to prevent the anthracnose, the damping-off and the damping-off, and if the virus diseases occur, the dongwang virus-killing 1000-fold liquid is used for preventing;

seventh: hardening seedlings: transplanting under the film 7-15 days before transplanting, intermittently cutting off water for tobacco seedling, and properly uncovering the covering film to enhance ventilation and illumination, so as to adapt to external environment in advance; when the temperature is lower than 0 ℃, taking heat preservation measures to prevent the tobacco seedlings from being frozen;

In this embodiment, the tobacco planting floating seedling method further includes selecting a floating seedling field: the seedling raising field is selected from a paddy field or a dry land which is leeward and exposed to the sun, has flat terrain and low underground water level, is close to a clean water source, is convenient to drain and irrigate and convenient to transport, is used for planting solanaceae and cruciferae crops in the front, is isolated from poultry and livestock, and is forbidden to build a shed or a seedling raising workshop at a wind gap, a mountain root and a place with higher underground water level.

In this embodiment, the tobacco planting floating seedling method further includes selecting a floating seedling device, and the selecting of the floating seedling device specifically includes the following steps:

s2, fixing the specification of the seedling raising pond: 2 or 4 seedling raising ponds are arranged in each greenhouse; 2 seedling raising ponds in each greenhouse are 29.28m long, 2.4m wide and 15cm-18cm deep, each seedling raising pond can be provided with 301 seedling raising floating trays with 200 holes for 50 mu of field seedlings, the pond edges are built into 6cm wide and 18cm high by red bricks, 500 red bricks are needed for each pond, cement mortar is applied to the pond bottom, cement milk slurry is uniformly scraped to the pond edges and the pond bottom to prevent a hard sharp substance from bursting a pond membrane, the center passages of the two ponds and the periphery of the pond are brushed and leveled by the cement mortar, 38 holes with 6mm are formed in the center line of each pond edge at intervals of 80cm by a hammer, the hole depth is 8-10cm, 38 iron arches with 5mm are formed, and the iron arch length is 3.4 m; the length and width of the film-laying film of each seedling raising pool are 31m multiplied by 3.2m, and the length and width of the film-covering film are 33m multiplied by 3.4 m; each seedling raising pond is provided with 4 seedling raising ponds in each greenhouse, the length of each pond is 14.3m, the width of each pond is 2.4m, the depth of each pond is 15cm-18cm, each seedling raising pond can be provided with 147 seedling raising floating trays with 200 holes for 24 mu of field seedlings, the sides of each pond are built with red bricks, the width of each pond is 6cm, the height of each pond is 18cm, and each pond needs 250 red bricks; 2-3cm of cement mortar is applied to the bottom of the pool, the pool is firm and durable, the sides and the bottom of the pool are uniformly scraped with cement milk, hard substances are prevented from bursting a pool membrane, the center passages, the cross passages and the peripheries of the pools of the two pools are evenly brushed with the cement milk, 18 holes with the length of 6mm are formed in the center line of each pool side every 80cm by using an electric hammer, the hole depth is 8-10cm, 18 iron arches with the length of 5mm are formed, and the length of each iron arch is 3.4 meters; the length and the width of the film of each seedling pond are 15m multiplied by 3.2m, and the length and the width of the film of each seedling pond are 16m multiplied by 3.4 m;

In this embodiment, the tobacco planting floating seedling method further includes disinfection management, and the disinfection management specifically includes the following processes:

In this embodiment, the moisture content of the wet ginseng water in step three is determined by the standard of kneading into a dough and dispersing when touching.

In this embodiment, three steps of tray loading should be noted: the filling substrate can not be pressed forcefully, so that the moderate filling tightness degree of the substrate and the proper water-entering depth of the floating disc are ensured, and the water-entering depth is 1-1.5 cm.

In this embodiment, the temperature and humidity management in the sixth step specifically includes the following measures:

firstly, heat preservation measures are taken from sowing to seedling emergence so as to obtain the maximum seedling emergence rate and improve the seedling emergence uniformity; and note that: controlling the temperature of 5-10 cm on the floating disc at 28 ℃ in the germination period, and if the temperature exceeds 30 ℃, ventilating and cooling to avoid damaging buds at high temperature;

thirdly, from the cross period to the seedling formation, the extreme temperature is mainly avoided, special attention is paid to ventilation along with the return rise of the air temperature, the temperature in the greenhouse cannot exceed 30 ℃, and the seedling burning is prevented;

In the case of the example 2, the following examples are given,

as shown in fig. 1, a tobacco planting floating seedling method specifically comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: and (3) disinfection: cleaning and sterilizing impurities attached to a floating plate before seedling culture by using the floating plate for more than one year, spraying 1-2% formalin or 0.5-0.1% potassium permanganate solution, covering with a film, fumigating for 1-2 days, and washing with clear water;

In the case of the example 3, the following examples are given,

the method comprises the following steps: and (3) disinfection: using a floating plate for more than one year, cleaning and disinfecting sundries attached to the floating plate before seedling culture, and using a ratio of 4: soaking the floating disc with 100% clear lime water, and air-drying for later use;

In the case of the example 4, the following examples are given,

the method comprises the following steps: and (3) disinfection: cleaning and sterilizing impurities attached to a floating disc before seedling culture by using the floating disc for more than one year, adding water into bleaching powder according to a certain ratio of 1:2 for sterilization, putting the floating disc into a liquid storage tank for soaking for 15-20 minutes, and taking out and cleaning;

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the tobacco planting floating seedling method solves the problems of seedling burning, slow growth speed, uneven growth speed and easy oxygen deficiency and decay of common tobacco planting floating seedling, improves the yield and quality of tobacco cultivation production, prolongs the harvesting time, and limits and reduces the use amount of pesticides.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A tobacco planting floating seedling method is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:

2. The tobacco planting floating seedling method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the tobacco planting floating seedling method further comprises the following steps: the seedling raising field is selected from a paddy field or a dry land which is leeward and exposed to the sun, has flat terrain and low underground water level, is close to a clean water source, is convenient to drain and irrigate and convenient to transport, is used for planting solanaceae and cruciferae crops in the front, is isolated from poultry and livestock, and is forbidden to build a shed or a seedling raising workshop at a wind gap, a mountain root and a place with higher underground water level.

3. The tobacco planting floating seedling method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the tobacco planting floating seedling raising method further comprises the step of selecting floating seedling raising equipment, wherein the step of selecting the floating seedling raising equipment specifically comprises the following steps:

4. The tobacco planting floating seedling method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the tobacco planting floating seedling method further comprises disinfection management, and the disinfection management specifically comprises the following processes:

5. The tobacco planting floating seedling method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the sterilization in the first step specifically comprises one or more of the following methods:

6. The tobacco planting floating seedling method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the third step, the even water content of the ginseng water after being mixed with water is based on the standard of kneading into balls and dispersing when being contacted.

7. The tobacco planting floating seedling method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: three steps the dishing-up shall be noted: the filling substrate can not be pressed forcefully, so that the moderate filling tightness degree of the substrate and the proper water-entering depth of the floating disc are ensured, and the water-entering depth is 1-1.5 cm.

8. The tobacco planting floating seedling method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the temperature and humidity management in the sixth step specifically comprises the following measures:

keeping the temperature mainly from the seedling emergence to the cross stage, keeping the temperature of the place 5-10 cm above the tray to be 25-30 ℃, ventilating and dehumidifying to supplement carbon dioxide and enhance photosynthesis under the condition of high temperature in noon in fine days, and keeping the greenhouse closed for heat preservation when the temperature is lower than 20 ℃, wherein the ventilation time cannot be too long;