CN113455367B

CN113455367B - Soilless culture device and method

Info

Publication number: CN113455367B
Application number: CN202110495122.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈识堃
Original assignee: Yancheng Yusen Agricultural Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Yancheng Yusen Agricultural Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-05-07
Filing date: 2021-05-07
Publication date: 2023-03-07
Anticipated expiration: 2041-05-07
Also published as: CN113455367A

Abstract

The invention discloses a soilless culture device and a culture method, comprising the following steps: the device comprises a box body, a bracket, a matrix layer, a dropper and a plurality of deluge devices; the support, the matrix layer, the dropper and the deluge device are all arranged in the box body, the support is arranged at the bottom of the box body, the matrix layer is arranged on the support, the dropper is arranged on the matrix layer, and the deluge device is arranged at the bottom of the box body, penetrates through the support and the matrix layer and extends to the position above the matrix layer. The invention can provide base liquid absorption modes with different efficiencies at different periods of plants, the plant can be in a growth state all day long by mainly matching the substrate layer and the dropper at the seed germination period and matching the irradiation of the 24-hour quasi-light lamp, the growth rate of the plant and the nutrient absorption rate of the base liquid are increased, and the space between the bracket and the box body can provide oxygen circulation for the plant, thereby preventing the root rot of the plant caused by oxygen deficiency.

Description

Soilless culture device and method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of soilless culture, in particular to a soilless culture device and a soilless culture method.

Background

The soilless culture is suitable for places which are not suitable for planting crops, such as islands, saline-alkali lands and the like, the soilless culture is mostly applied to a planting method with a matrix layer, the method is low in manufacturing cost but the oxygen content in the matrix cannot be guaranteed, once the oxygen supply is insufficient, plants are easy to be sick and even die, the soilless culture of the matrix is usually carried out in a greenhouse, the illumination time of the plants completely depends on weather factors, when a pseudo-light lamp is used, plant leaves are withered and even die due to long-time illumination, and the project can optimize and improve the problems. Therefore, there is a need for a soilless culture device and method for cultivating plants that at least partially solves the problems of the prior art.

Disclosure of Invention

In this summary, concepts in a simplified form are introduced that are further described in the detailed description. The summary of the invention is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.

In order to at least partially solve the above problems, the present invention provides a soilless culture device and a culture method, including: the device comprises a box body, a bracket, a matrix layer, a dropper and a plurality of deluge devices; the support, the matrix layer, the dropper and the rain sprayer are all arranged in the box body, the support is arranged at the bottom of the box body, the matrix layer is arranged on the support, the dropper is arranged on the matrix layer, and the rain sprayer is arranged at the bottom of the box body, penetrates through the support and extends to the upper side of the matrix layer.

Preferably, the inner surface of the tank is covered with an impermeable film.

Preferably, a plurality of first through holes are formed in the surface of the support, and the support is connected with the bottom of the box body through a plurality of support legs.

Preferably, the substrate layer comprises: a large particle layer and a small particle layer; the large particle layer is arranged on the upper surface of the bracket, the small particle layer is arranged on the large particle layer, and the dropper is arranged on the small particle layer.

Preferably, the dropper includes: the device comprises a plurality of first pipelines, a plurality of second pipelines and a plurality of joints; the first pipelines are provided with a plurality of second through holes, the first pipelines are connected with each other through a plurality of joints to form a closed loop, one end of the second pipeline is connected with the joints, and the other end of the second pipeline is connected to a base liquid source.

Preferably, the deluge device includes: the ultrasonic converter, the third pipeline and the shower head; the ultrasonic converter is arranged at the bottom of the box body and is connected with the shower head through the third pipeline, and the shower head is arranged above the matrix layer.

Preferably, the shower head comprises: the scattering head, the scattering sheet, the sixth pipeline and the insect prevention grating; the insect prevention device comprises a scattering head, a grid, a fourth pipeline, a plurality of fourth through holes, a branching unit, a plurality of third through holes, a scattering sheet, a fifth pipeline and a first boss, wherein the grid is arranged at the hemispherical edge of the scattering head, the fourth pipeline is arranged at the top of the scattering head, the fourth through holes are formed in the periphery of the fourth pipeline on the scattering head, the branching unit is arranged in the fourth pipeline, the third through holes are formed in the branching unit, the scattering sheet is inserted into the lower end of the scattering head through the grid, the fifth pipeline and the first boss are arranged at the center of the scattering sheet, the fifth through holes communicated with the first boss are formed in the side wall of the fifth pipeline, the first boss is of an annular cavity structure, the fifth pipeline is arranged in the annular of the first boss, the sixth through holes are formed in the top surface of the first boss, the eighth pipeline is arranged in the bottom surface of the scattering sheet, the grid is arranged in the eighth pipeline, and the third pipeline is connected with the insect prevention pipeline.

Preferably, the soilless culture step using the device is as follows:

s1: manufacturing a substrate layer for soilless culture;

s2: placing the deluge device in a box body, sequentially placing a bracket, a large particle layer, a small particle layer and a dropper, and arranging a plurality of quasi-light lamps above the soilless culture device to enable the whole device to be covered by illumination;

s3: planting crops, opening a water pump at a base liquid source, and dripping base liquid into the box body through a dropper;

s4: stopping delivering the base liquid when the base liquid permeates the matrix layer and the bracket and the amount of the base liquid accumulated below the bracket exceeds the ultrasonic transducer of the deluge device;

s5: and opening the rain sprayer and the quasi-light lamp, and repeatedly irrigating the base liquid when the base liquid below the bracket is lower than the lowest working water level of the ultrasonic transducer, and repeating the steps until the crops are mature.

Preferably, the substrate layer for soilless culture in the step S1 includes:

s101: manufacturing the large particle layer and the small particle layer separately;

s102: preparing a small granular layer:

s1021: digging a soil pit, putting straws into the soil pit, laying 2L of urea with the mass fraction of 60% on each 40 cm of straws, sealing the straws by using a plastic film after laying, waiting for 15 days, opening the plastic film to turn over the straws at irregular time, adding a certain amount of water to keep the straws moist, taking out the rotten straws, collecting and placing the straws;

s1022: during waiting, the cosmos straws, the wood chips and the bagasse are placed and fused together by a crusher to be crushed, then 20% of sand, 10.9% of perlite, 11% of cosmos straws, 8% of wood chips, 31% of bagasse, 14.2% of moss soil and 4.9% of dried moss are placed together by a stirrer to be stirred, the stirred mixture is covered by a film and then is exposed to the sun for a long time to be disinfected or is disinfected by adopting a chemical spraying method before being used for 7-8 months, and finally the mixture and the rotten straws are mixed according to the proportion of 2:3 to prepare a small particle layer;

s103: preparing a large particle layer:

3-4 days before taking the mixture, soaking the mixture in the base liquid to absorb the base liquid.

Preferably, when the base liquid is prepared, 0.41-0.47g of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 0.28-0.31g of potassium nitrate, 0.052-0.057g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.19-0.25g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate are added into each liter of water, 100mL of warm water with the temperature of about 50 ℃ is selected during preparation, the inorganic salts listed in the formula are respectively dissolved, then the inorganic salts are poured into water with the fixed volume of 75% one by one according to the sequence in the formula, stirring is carried out while pouring, and finally the total volume is added to 1L, so that the base liquid is prepared.

Compared with the prior art, the invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:

1. the soilless culture device and the culture method can provide base liquid absorption modes with different efficiencies at different periods of plants, the seeds are provided with nutrients by matching the substrate layer and the dropper at the seed germination period, the nutrients can be directly absorbed from the base liquid at the lower layer of the bracket after the root system of the plant breaks through the substrate layer, the rain sprayer can continuously provide base liquid fog for leaves of the plant, so that the substrate layer and the plant leaves are kept moist, the plant cannot die due to overlong illumination time, the plant can be in a growth state all day by matching with the illumination of the quasi-light lamp for 24 hours, the growth rate of the plant and the nutrient absorption rate of the base liquid are increased, the space between the bracket and the box body can provide oxygen circulation for the plant, and the root rot of the plant caused by oxygen deficiency is prevented.

Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the soilless culture device.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a drip tube of the soilless culture device.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of a front view of a soilless culture device of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the left side view of the soilless culture device of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a shower head in the soilless culture apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of the top of the scattering head in the soilless culture device of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of the bottom of a scattering head in the soilless culture device of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of the top of a scattering sheet in the soilless culture device of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of the bottom of a scattering sheet in the soilless culture device of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the structure of the top of a scattering sheet without a sixth pipe in the soilless culture device of the present invention.

1 box body, 2 supports, 3 matrix layers, 31 large particle layers, 32 small particle layers, 4 droppers, 41 first pipelines, 42 second pipelines, 43 connectors, 5 deluge devices, 51 ultrasonic converters, 52 third pipelines, 53 deluge heads, 531 scattering heads, 5311 barriers, 5312 fourth pipelines, 5313 fourth through holes, 5314 branching units, 53141 third through holes, 532 scattering sheets, 5321 fifth pipelines, 53211 fifth through holes, 5322 first bosses, 53221 sixth through holes, 5323 seventh pipelines, 5324 eighth pipelines, 533 sixth pipelines and 534 insect-proof grids.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples so that those skilled in the art can practice the invention with reference to the description.

It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.

As shown in fig. 1 to 10, the present invention provides a soilless culture device and a culture method, including: the device comprises a box body 1, a bracket 2, a matrix layer 3, a dropper 4 and a plurality of deluge devices 5; the support 2, the matrix layer 3, the dropper 4 and the deluge 5 are all arranged in the box body 1, the support 2 is arranged at the bottom of the box body 1, the matrix layer 3 is arranged on the support 2, the dropper 4 is arranged on the matrix layer 3, and the deluge 5 is arranged at the bottom of the box body 1, penetrates through the support 2 and the matrix layer 3 and extends to the position above the matrix layer 3.

The working principle of the technical scheme is as follows: the space between the lower part of the bracket 2 and the bottom of the box body 1 is a storage space of a base liquid and a ventilation space of a plant root system when a plant is planted, when the plant is in a seed sprouting state, the plant is buried in the base layer 3, the base liquid released by the base layer 3 and the dropper 4 can provide enough nutrients to help the seed to take root and sprout, when the seed starts to take root and sprout, the quasi-light lamp above the cultivation device can continuously illuminate for 24 hours to allow the plant to carry out photosynthesis, the quasi-light lamp can provide full solar spectrum to replace sunlight illumination, so that the cultivation device can be used for soilless cultivation, the space and the weather can be free from restriction, meanwhile, the rain sprayer 5 can atomize the base liquid below the bracket 2 and provide all-dimensional moisture preservation and base liquid covering for the plant from top to bottom, meanwhile, the lower space of the bracket 2 can provide oxygen support for the plant to avoid root rot, when the plant grows, the root system can break through the base layer 3 and be directly soaked in the base liquid at the lower layer of the bracket 2, the base liquid can directly absorb materials from the base liquid, the plant can be more effectively promoted to grow, and the plant root system can be more effectively, and the absorption efficiency can be increased.

The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: through the design of above-mentioned structure, soilless culture device can provide the base liquid absorption mode of different efficiency at the different time of plant, provide the nourishment for the seed by matrix layer 3 and burette 4 cooperation in the seed germination phase mainly, alright absorb the nourishment in the base liquid of direct follow support 2 lower floor after plant roots break through matrix layer 3, rain ware 5 can continuously provide base liquid fog for the leaf of plant, make matrix layer 3 and plant leaf all keep moist, let the plant can not die because illumination time overlength, and cooperate the shining of 24 hours pseudo-light, can make the plant be in the growth state all the day, increase the growth rate of plant and the nutrient absorption rate of base liquid, and the space between support 2 and the box 1 can provide the oxygen circulation for the plant, prevent to lead to the mashed root of plant because of the oxygen deficiency.

In one embodiment, the inner surface of the tank 1 is covered with an impermeable film.

The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: through the design of above-mentioned structure, the prevention of seepage passes through the film and chooses waterproof ventilative material for use, can make the base fluid stay can not cause the waste of base fluid in box 1 and can keep the circulation of air of bottom to prevent the mashed root of plant oxygen deficiency.

In one embodiment, the surface of the bracket 2 is provided with a plurality of first through holes, and the bracket 2 is connected with the bottom of the box body 1 through a plurality of support legs.

The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: through the design of above-mentioned structure, support 2 separates with the bottom of box 1 through the stabilizer blade, and the first through-hole of a plurality of on support 2 makes support 2 become latticed structure, and matrix layer 3 can set up on it still can not leak in box 1 to first through-hole provides the sufficient gas permeability of plant, can continue to grow downwards through first through-hole after the plant rhizome breaks through matrix layer 3, until submerging in the base liquid.

In one embodiment, the matrix layer 3 comprises: a large particle layer 31 and a small particle layer 32; the large particle layer 31 is disposed on the upper surface of the support 2, the small particle layer 32 is disposed on the large particle layer 31, and the dropper 4 is disposed on the small particle layer 32.

The working principle of the technical scheme is as follows: the large particle layer 31 is used for ensuring that the plants have enough oxygen circulation, the air permeability of the substrate layer 3 can be increased, the small particle layer 32 has stronger water absorption and more nutrient storage capacity, enough water and nutrients can be provided for the plants during the seed germination period, when the plants grow up, main nutrients are absorbed by the substrate liquid on the bottom layer of the box body 1, and more of the small particle layer 32 are used for fixing the position and preventing the plants from lodging.

The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: through the design of above-mentioned structure, divide two-layer setting about 3 with matrix layer, the upper strata sets up the tiny particle layer 32 and is used for providing the nourishment for the plant of seed germination phase and provides the supporting role for the plant after growing up and prevent the lodging, and the large granule layer 31 of lower floor also can absorb the base liquid of 1 bottom of box and provide plant roots, can also provide the gas permeability for the plant, prevents that the plant from leading to mashed root because the oxygen deficiency.

In one embodiment, the dropper 4 comprises: a plurality of first pipes 41, a plurality of second pipes 42, a plurality of joints 43; the first pipelines 41 are provided with a plurality of second through holes, the plurality of first pipelines 41 are connected with each other through a plurality of joints 43 to form a closed loop, one end of the second pipeline 42 is connected with the joints 43, and the other end of the second pipeline 42 is connected to a base liquid source.

The working principle of the technical scheme is as follows: first, the first pipelines 41 are connected with each other through the joints 43 to form any shape, the joints 43 installed at last are communicated with the second pipelines 42 and are connected to the base fluid source, when drip irrigation is needed, a water pump of the base fluid source is turned on to pump out the base fluid, the base fluid flows into the first pipelines 41 communicated with the second pipelines 42 along the second pipelines 42 and flows out through the second through holes in the first pipelines 41, the direction of the second through holes is opposite to the substrate layer 3 vertically downwards, and the base fluid flowing out of the second through holes can directly drip onto the substrate layer 3.

The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: through the design of the structure, the shape of the dropper 4 can be freely assembled according to the arrangement condition of the plants and the size of the box body 1, so that the drip irrigation is not limited by the space.

In one embodiment, the deluge 5 comprises: an ultrasonic transducer 51, a third conduit 52, a deluge head 53; the ultrasonic transducer 51 is arranged at the bottom of the box body 1, the ultrasonic transducer 51 is connected with the shower head 53 through the third pipeline 52, and the shower head 53 is arranged above the substrate layer 3.

The working principle of the technical scheme is as follows: when the base liquid at the bottom of the box body 1 is higher than the ultrasonic converter 51, the deluge device 5 can be opened to atomize and cover the base liquid, the ultrasonic converter 51 can vibrate the base liquid into mist through ultrasound, the mist can pass through the substrate layer 3 through the third pipeline 52 to reach the deluge head 53, and is released through the deluge head 53, because the density of the mist is greater than the air, the mist can fall to cover the blades of the plants and fall on the substrate layer 3 according to the route set by the deluge head 53, then the mist is absorbed and deposited to the bottom of the box body 1 by the substrate layer 3 to complete the circulation, thereby the height of the deluge head 53 can be adjusted in a telescopic way through the third pipeline 52, the plants can not cover the blades too high, when the deluge device 5 is not opened, the air can circulate between the bottom and the outside of the box body 1 through the third pipeline 52 and the deluge head 53 except that the circulation of the impermeable film, and the oxygen content between the bracket 2 and the box body 1 is insufficient, so that the plants are lack of oxygen.

The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: through the design of above-mentioned structure, broken through 1 bottom space of box and exterior space for fresh air can get into the bottom of box 1, after the plant grows up, can realize the moisturizing operation to the blade position through the rain shower, avoids the illumination time to lead to the blade withering to die for a long time.

In one embodiment, the shower head 53 includes: a diffusion head 531, a diffusion sheet 532, a sixth duct 533, an insect-proof grill 534; the anti-insect device comprises a scattering head 531, a grid 5311, a fourth pipeline 5312, a plurality of fourth through holes 5313, a splitter 5314, a plurality of third through holes 53141, a scattering sheet 532, a fifth pipeline 5321 and a first boss 5322, a plurality of fifth through holes 53211 communicated with the first boss 5322, a first boss 5322 and a fifth pipeline 5321, wherein the scattering sheet 532 is inserted into the lower end of the scattering head 5312 through the grid 5311, the center of the scattering sheet 532 is provided with the fifth pipeline 5321 and the first boss 5322, the side wall of the fifth pipeline 5321 is provided with the plurality of fifth through holes 53211 communicated with the first boss 5322, the first boss 5322 is an annular cavity structure, the fifth pipeline 5321 is arranged inside the first boss 5322, the top surface of the first boss 5322 is provided with the plurality of sixth through holes 53211, one end of the sixth pipeline 533 is communicated with the sixth through hole 53221, the other end of the sixth pipeline 53533 is connected with the fourth through a grid 5324, the fourth through grid 5323 and the fourth through hole 5323, the grid 532 is provided with the fourth through a grid 5324, and the fourth through the grid 5324, the fourth through the grid 532, the grid 5323 and the fourth pipe 5324, the fourth pipe 5324 are provided with the grid 532, and the grid 5323, the grid 532, the grid 5323, the grid 5324.

The working principle of the technical scheme is as follows: in order to prevent insect pests from occurring, an insect-preventing grating 534 is arranged in an eighth pipeline 5324, so that the insect pests are prevented from entering the bottom of the box body 1 to damage the root system of the plant, the scattering sheet 532 is inserted into the grid 5311 to enable the scattering sheet 532 and the scattering head 531 to become an integral body, the atomized base liquid reaches the seventh pipeline 5323 through the eighth pipeline 5324, the atomized base liquid is divided into two paths in the seventh pipeline 5323, the first path continuously ascends through the shunt 5314 in the fourth pipeline 5312, the path is narrowed when the atomized base liquid passes through the third through hole 53141, so that the flow speed of the atomized base liquid is increased after passing through the shunt 5314 and is vertically and upwards sprayed out from the fourth pipeline 5312, the other path of atomized base liquid flows into the first boss 5322 through the fifth through hole 53211 in the fifth pipeline 5321, the atomized base liquid can reach the sixth pipeline 533 through the sixth through hole 53221 only, so that the flow speed of the atomized base liquid can be increased after passing through the sixth through hole 53221, the atomized base liquid can reach the sixth pipeline 533 in the spiral direction, and can be sprayed out around the rain-spraying head, and the atomized base liquid can be sprayed out in the spiral direction, and the rain-spraying direction of the rain-spraying head can be sprayed out, and the rain-spraying blade is rotated, so that the rain-spraying blade can be sprayed out.

The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: through the design of above-mentioned structure, thereby atomizing base liquid makes atomizing base liquid can obtain bigger lift at the inside velocity of flow that has increased atomizing base liquid through the mode that changes flow area of deluge head 53, inside mode that adopts the dual-channel simultaneously makes atomizing base liquid with higher speed have the speed of vertical direction and the speed of horizontal direction, when atomizing base liquid of vertical direction falls back under the action of gravity, can be driven to the horizontal direction diffusion by rotatory atomizing base liquid, thereby guarantee that the atomizing base liquid coverage area of horizontal direction is big enough and the coverage of atomizing base liquid is sufficient.

In one embodiment, the soilless culture step is carried out by using the device:

s1: manufacturing a substrate layer 3 for soilless culture;

s2: placing the deluge device 5 in the box body 1, placing the bracket 2, the large particle layer 31, the small particle layer 32 and the dropper 4 in sequence, and arranging a plurality of quasi-lamps above the soilless culture device to enable the whole device to be covered by illumination;

s3: planting crops, opening a water pump at a base liquid source, and carrying out drip irrigation on the base liquid into the box body 1 through a dropper 4;

s4: stopping the delivery of the base liquid when the base liquid permeates the base layer 3 and the stent 2 and the amount of the base liquid accumulated below the stent 2 exceeds the ultrasonic transducer 51 of the deluge 5;

s5: and (4) opening the deluge device 5 and the quasi-light lamp, and repeatedly irrigating the base liquid when the base liquid amount below the bracket 2 is lower than the lowest working water level of the ultrasonic transducer 51, and repeating the steps until the crops are mature.

The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: through the design of above-mentioned structure, drip irrigation 1 box through burette 4, can increase after the seed sprouts out the root palpus and drip irrigation the volume, permeate the base fluid 3 deposit in the bottom of box 1 until base liquid, later just no longer adopt the mode of driping irrigation, because the plant after growing out the leaf can carry out photosynthesis, so adopt 5 cyclic utilization base liquids of box 1 bottoms of rain shower, come to atomize the cover and the infiltration of base fluid to the plant, and simulate sunlight through the pseudo-light lamp and can accelerate the growth rate of plant, make it continuously carry out photosynthesis through the dormancy that does not let the plant get into night and promote the growth.

In one embodiment, the step of preparing the substrate layer 3 for soilless culture in the step S1 comprises:

s101: the large particle layer 31 and the small particle layer 32 are separately manufactured;

s102: making the small particle layer 32:

s1022: during waiting, the cosmos straws, the wood chips and the bagasse are placed and fused together by a crusher to be crushed, then 20% of sand, 10.9% of perlite, 11% of cosmos straws, 8% of wood chips, 31% of bagasse, 14.2% of moss soil and 4.9% of dried moss are placed together by a stirrer to be stirred, the stirred mixture is covered by a film and then is exposed to the sun for a long time to be disinfected or is disinfected by adopting a chemical spraying method before being used for 7-8 months, and finally the mixture and the rotten straws are mixed according to the proportion of 2:3 to prepare the small particle layer 32;

s103: production of the large particle layer 31:

The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: through the design of above-mentioned structure, let the abundant organic matter of production of small grained layer 32 and mineral substance carry out the compost and handle, still compromise the disinfection of small grained layer 32 simultaneously and prevent that the plant is sick and die, large grained layer 31 can absorb moisture because of having enough big volume and hollow structure and keep the gas permeability, so need not ferment like small grained layer 32, only need before taking fully soak the base fluid can.

In one embodiment, when the base liquid is prepared, 0.41-0.47g of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 0.28-0.31g of potassium nitrate, 0.052-0.057g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.19-0.25g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate are added into each liter of water, 100mL of warm water with the temperature of about 50 ℃ is selected for preparation, the inorganic salts listed in the formula are respectively dissolved, then the inorganic salts are poured into water with the fixed volume of 75% one by one according to the sequence in the formula, stirring is carried out while pouring, and finally the total volume is added to 1L, so that the base liquid is prepared.

The working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: through the design of the structure, the base liquid can contain elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like required by plants, and the proportion can prevent the plants from being ill or burned due to the overlarge concentration of organic salt.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention.

In the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., as being permanently connected, detachably connected, or integral; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A soilless culture device, comprising: the device comprises a box body (1), a bracket (2), a substrate layer (3), a dropper (4) and a plurality of deluge devices (5); the support (2), the substrate layer (3), the dropper (4) and the deluge device (5) are all arranged in the box body (1), the support (2) is arranged at the bottom of the box body (1), the substrate layer (3) is arranged on the support (2), the dropper (4) is arranged on the substrate layer (3), and the deluge device (5) is arranged at the bottom of the box body (1), penetrates through the support (2) and the substrate layer (3) and extends to the upper side of the substrate layer (3);

the inner surface of the box body (1) is covered with an anti-seepage film;

the deluge device (5) comprises: an ultrasonic transducer (51), a third pipeline (52) and a deluge head (53); the ultrasonic converter (51) is arranged at the bottom of the box body (1), the ultrasonic converter (51) is connected with the shower head (53) through the third pipeline (52), and the shower head (53) is arranged above the substrate layer (3);

the deluge head (53) comprising: a scattering head (531), a scattering sheet (532), a sixth pipeline (533), and an insect-proof grating (534);

the scattering head (531) is hemispherical, a grid (5311) is arranged at the spherical edge, a fourth pipeline (5312) is arranged at the top of the scattering head (531), a plurality of fourth through holes (5313) are formed in the scattering head (531) and located around the fourth pipeline (5312), a splitter (5314) is arranged in the fourth pipeline (5312), a plurality of third through holes (53141) are formed in the splitter (5314), the scattering sheet (532) is inserted into the lower end of the scattering head (5311) through the grid (5311), a fifth pipeline (5321) and a first boss (5322) are arranged at the center of the scattering sheet (532), a plurality of fifth through holes (53211) communicated with the first boss (5322) are formed in the side wall of the fifth pipeline (5321), the first boss (5322) is of an annular cavity structure, the fifth pipeline (5321) is arranged in the annular first boss (5322), a plurality of sixth through holes (53221) are formed in the annular top surface of the first boss (5322), a sixth through hole (5323) is arranged in the annular pipeline (53221), and communicated with the sixth through hole (533) in the sixth through pipe (5323), the bottom surface of the scattering sheet (532) is provided with an eighth pipeline (5324), the eighth pipeline (5324) is internally provided with the insect-proof grating (534), the insect-proof grating (534) is of a double-layer structure, and the eighth pipeline (5324) is connected with the third pipeline (52).

2. Soilless culture device according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the bracket (2) is provided with a plurality of first through holes, and the bracket (2) is connected with the bottom of the box body (1) through a plurality of support legs.

3. A soilless culture device according to claim 2, wherein the substrate layer (3) includes: a large particle layer (31) and a small particle layer (32); the large particle layer (31) is disposed on an upper surface of the support (2), the small particle layer (32) is disposed above the large particle layer (31), and the dropper (4) is disposed above the small particle layer (32).

4. A soilless culture device according to claim 3, wherein the dropper (4) includes: a plurality of first pipelines (41), a plurality of second pipelines (42) and a plurality of joints (43); the first pipelines (41) are provided with a plurality of second through holes, the first pipelines (41) are connected with each other through a plurality of joints (43) to form a closed loop, one end of the second pipeline (42) is connected with the joints (43), and the other end of the second pipeline (42) is connected to a base liquid source.

5. A method of soilless culture using the soilless culture device according to claim 4, wherein the step of performing soilless culture comprises:

s1: manufacturing a substrate layer (3) for soilless culture;

s2: the rain sprayer (5) is arranged in the box body (1), the bracket (2), the large particle layer (31), the small particle layer (32) and the dropper (4) are sequentially arranged, and a plurality of quasi-light lamps are arranged above the soilless culture device, so that the whole device can be covered by illumination;

s3: planting crops, and opening a water pump at a base liquid source to drip irrigation base liquid into the box body (1) through a dropper (4);

s4: stopping the delivery of the base liquid when the base liquid permeates the matrix layer (3) and the stent (2) and the amount of the base liquid accumulated below the stent (2) exceeds the ultrasonic transducer (51) of the deluge (5);

s5: and (3) opening the rain sprayer (5) and the quasi-light lamp, and repeatedly irrigating the base liquid when the amount of the base liquid below the bracket (2) is lower than the lowest working water level of the ultrasonic transducer (51), and repeating the steps until the crops are mature.

6. A method of soilless culture according to claim 5 wherein the step of fabricating the matrix layer (3) for soilless culture in step S1 includes:

s101: the large particle layer (31) and the small particle layer (32) are manufactured separately;

s102: production of a small particle layer (32):

s1022: during waiting, the cosmos straws, the wood chips and the bagasse are placed and fused together by a crusher to be crushed, then 20% of sand, 10.9% of perlite, 11% of cosmos straws, 8% of wood chips, 31% of bagasse, 14.2% of moss soil and 4.9% of dried moss are placed together by a stirrer to be stirred, the stirred mixture is covered by a film and then is exposed to the sun for a long time to be disinfected or is disinfected by adopting a chemical spraying method before being used for 7-8 months, and finally the mixture and the rotten straws are mixed according to the proportion of 2:3 to prepare a small particle layer (32);

s103: production of a Large particle layer (31):

the large particle mixture of vermiculite, porous ceramic and volcanic rock is soaked in the base liquid 3-4 days before use to fully absorb the base liquid.

7. The method for soilless culture according to claim 5, wherein the base solution is prepared by adding 0.41-0.47g of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 0.28-0.31g of potassium nitrate, 0.052-0.057g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.19-0.25g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate to each liter of water, respectively dissolving the inorganic salts listed in the above formula in 100mL of warm water at 50 ℃, pouring the dissolved inorganic salts into 75% of water in the formula one by one, stirring while pouring, and finally adding to 1L of the total amount.