CN112772396A - Soilless culture method for planting plants through capillary action - Google Patents
Soilless culture method for planting plants through capillary action Download PDFInfo
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- CN112772396A CN112772396A CN202011259024.0A CN202011259024A CN112772396A CN 112772396 A CN112772396 A CN 112772396A CN 202011259024 A CN202011259024 A CN 202011259024A CN 112772396 A CN112772396 A CN 112772396A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
Abstract
A soilless culture method for planting plants through capillary action is an improvement and innovation of soilless culture technology, and overcomes many defects in the prior art of soilless culture through the application of generating a water absorption function through capillary action, so that the soilless culture technology can achieve the optimal use effect under simple process conditions; the cotton rope or fiber rope separated water absorption method is adopted to provide water and nutrient components for the plant foundation soil, so that the requirements of the plants on the water and nutrient solution are automatically absorbed in the natural state, the continuous and stable supply of the nutrient solution to the plants is improved, good growth and development conditions are provided for the plants, and the pure natural and pollution-free plant culture state is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a crop planting technology, in particular to a soilless culture method for planting plants through capillarity.
Background
The innovation of the modern agricultural production mode is from farmland planting to soilless culture planting, so that the scientificity and standardization of agricultural production are continuously improved, and the traditional agricultural production is revolutionarily changed from agricultural resource saving to scientific management by adopting a soilless culture technology.
The soilless culture techniques currently used include hydroponics, membrane cultivation, spray cultivation, matrix tank cultivation, and the like, and typical hydroponics include floating-plate capillary hydroponics and deep-flow hydroponics. The water planting method of floating slab capillary is that the cultivation trough is made into a concave trough with a certain specification by pressing polystyrene film foam board with good heat-insulating property, each trough can be connected and extended into a cultivation trough with a certain length, the lining pad is filled with black polyethylene film to prevent leakage, the liquid level in the trough floats a floating slab, the width of the floating slab does not exceed the row spacing of two rows of planting holes on the planting plate, the floating slab is paved with non-woven fabric with a certain specification to form a wet felt shape, and planting cups extending into the liquid level from the planting holes are abutted against the two sides of the floating slab for planting crops. The nutrient solution is fed regularly by a timer controlled water pump every day, and flows into the cultivation tank through a pipeline and an air mixer to replace the culture solution, and flows back to the liquid storage tank through a liquid outlet. The crops with large oxygen consumption of root system can also be cultivated by adopting rock wool blocks or polyurethane foam blocks, the seedling cultivating blocks are directly placed in the middle of the floating plate, and a soft drip irrigation tape is laid and connected with the liquid inlet so as to increase the liquid supply amount on the wet felt in the seedling stage, and when the roots of the crops on the floating plate grow to a certain degree, the root system naturally extends into the culture solution to absorb water and fertilizer. The water inlet can be connected with an air mixer to increase the oxygen enrichment function, the water outlet is provided with a water level lifting adjusting port to adjust the water section, and liquid is supplied for 1 time every 1-2 hours generally.
The deep liquid flow water culture method is characterized in that nutrients are provided for plants through flowing nutrient solution, the flowing nutrient solution layer is deep (5-10 cm), most root systems of the plants are soaked in the nutrient solution, and the ventilation of the root systems is realized by adding oxygen into the nutrient solution. The main advantage of this system is that it solves the difficulty of the nutrient film system not operating properly during power outages. The whole system is basically composed of an underground nutrient solution pool, an overground nutrient solution cultivation tank, a water pump, a nutrient solution circulating system, a nutrient solution filtering pool, a plant fixing device and the like. The nutrient solution is injected into the nutrient solution cultivation groove from the underground nutrient solution pool through the water pump and the liquid supply pipeline, and the nutrient solution in the cultivation groove returns to the underground nutrient solution pool after being filtered through the liquid discharge pipeline by the liquid level adjusting bolt, so that the nutrient solution can be recycled.
The film planting method is that a planting groove with a certain slope is used as a main body, the bottom surface of the planting groove is leveled and compacted, a layer of black-white plastic film is added on the upper edge, the white color is on the lower side, the black color is on the upper side, and seedling raising blocks (generally rock wool seedling raising blocks) with seedlings are placed in the middle of a groove body according to the plant spacing to form a row. Then the films at the two sides are wrapped up to form a triangle, the plants are exposed outside the upper side of the triangle film, the two sides are clamped and fixed by clamps, the inside is prevented from exposure, and the root system growth is facilitated. One end of each cultivation groove is provided with 2-3 thin tubes with the diameter of 2-3 mm, the thin tubes are injected into the cultivation grooves, so that nutrient solution supplied from the bottom of the cultivation groove is in a layer of thin film, and each groove independently supplies liquid on time. The equipment of the method comprises: a cultivation bed, a cover plate, an electric pump and a time controller. The cultivation bed is horizontally placed on the ground, the bed body is in a wave shape, the depth of the wave-shaped ditches is about 5cm, the wave-shaped ditches are arranged on a bed surface which is generally one meter wide, 6-7 rows of the wave-shaped ditches are arranged on the bed surface, the lower part of the bed surface is filled with heat insulation materials, a cover plate is covered on the bed surface, cultivation holes are drilled on the wave-shaped ditches for fixing crops, the hole distance is determined at one end of the cultivation bed according to the plant distance of the.
The cultivation container of the spray cultivation method is trapezoidal, crops are planted on planes on two sides, a root system is suspended in the trapezoidal container, a plurality of nutrient solution spray heads are arranged in the container, sprayed nutrient solution is in a mist shape, the requirements of the crops on nutrition and moisture are met, and the water, the fertilizer and the gas are supplied coordinately and fully. Generally, the spraying is carried out once every 3-5 minutes, and each time of continuous spraying is carried out for a plurality of seconds, the method has high requirements on a nozzle process, the atomization degree is required to be good, and the growth of crops can be influenced if fog drops are too thick or uneven. In addition, the temperature of the root system should be relatively stable, and a temperature control device should be arranged.
The substrate groove cultivation method is to fill a substrate in a certain groove body to supply nutrient solution to cultivate crops, and the device comprises: the cultivation bed, the liquid storage pool, the electric pump, the nutrient solution supply and discharge pipeline and the like, the bottom of the tank can be not built, the nutrient solution is not recovered after the liquid is supplied, or the fertilizer is applied in a matrix layer in a dry mode, and the requirements of crops on nutrition and moisture are met through watering. It features that the nutritive liquid flows from the bottom of culture bed to liquid pool and is forced to circulate by electric pump for supplying liquid, and the reflux time is controlled by time controller. The cultivation tank body is arranged according to terrain and cultivation requirements, the nutrient solution is also suspended and falls into the cultivation bed, the bottom of the tail end of the cultivation bed is connected with a nutrient solution supply inlet through a guide pipe, the diameter of the guide pipe is half of that of an injection pipe, so that the whole circulating system forms a throttling state, and the nutrient solution in the liquid storage tank is pumped into a liquid supply injection opening through an electric pump during liquid supply for recycling.
Although the above soilless culture technologies achieve agricultural resource saving and scientific management in agricultural production, the following disadvantages also exist: 1. supporting facilities required by several soilless culture technologies are extensive in structure and complicated in flow; 2. the nutrient solution is dull in adjustment and difficult to operate; 3. the nutrient solution has the defects of excessive supply of retted roots and insufficient supply of dead roots; 4. the nutrient solution can be supplied only by adopting mechanical supply according to the experience of a grower, and cannot be naturally absorbed according to the self requirement of the plant. Therefore, there is still a need for improvement in the soilless culture technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides improvement and innovation of soilless culture technology, and provides water and nutrient components for plant foundation soil by applying a water absorption function generated by capillary action and adopting a cotton rope or fiber rope spaced water absorption method, so that the requirements of plants on water and nutrient solution are automatically absorbed in a natural state, thereby improving the continuous and stable supply of the nutrient solution to the plants and providing good growth and development conditions for the plants.
The soilless culture method for planting plants through capillary action overcomes a plurality of defects in the prior art, enables the soilless culture technology to achieve the best use effect under simple process conditions, and therefore the invention provides the soilless culture method for planting the plants through the capillary action, which comprises the following steps: 1. manufacturing a nutrient solution tray and an upper cover with certain bearing strength according to certain specifications; 2. a plurality of round holes for supporting the foundation soil carrier are formed in the upper cover according to the plant spacing of the plants; 3. manufacturing a bowl-shaped foundation soil carrier according to the developed degree of the plant root system; 4. according to the volume of the foundation soil carrier, a round hole with a certain specification is formed in the bottom of the bowl, and cotton ropes or fiber ropes with corresponding thicknesses penetrate through the round hole; 5. embedding the base soil carrier into the circular hole of the upper cover and covering the nutrient solution plate with the upper cover; 6. injecting nutrient solution into the nutrient solution disk to enable the nutrient solution to submerge cotton ropes hung at the lower end of the base soil carrier; 7. plant seeds are planted in the base soil carrier, so that the nutrient solution is soaked in the base soil under the action of capillary force.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in the step 1, a metal plate or a plastic plate is selected to manufacture a nutrient solution tray according to a certain specification, and the depth of the tray is kept to be separated from the liquid level in the tray at the bottom of the foundation soil carrier supported by the upper cover;
according to one embodiment of the invention, in step 2, a plurality of round holes for supporting the foundation soil carriers are formed on the upper cover manufactured in step 1 according to plant spacing, the diameter of each round hole is formed according to the diameter of the cross section of the foundation soil carriers from 4/5 to 2/5, and screw holes are reserved at the edges of the round holes;
according to an embodiment of the invention, in the step 3, a bowl-shaped foundation soil carrier is manufactured according to the developed degree of the plant root system, the carrier is made of metal or plastic, a flange is manufactured on the outer ring of the cross section of the high position of the carrier 4/5-2/5, a round hole is formed according to the specification of a screw hole reserved at the edge of the round hole in the step 2, and the flange is conveniently connected with the flange in the step 2;
according to one embodiment of the invention, in step 4, a round hole with a certain specification is formed at the bottom of the bowl according to the volume of the foundation soil carrier, the larger the volume of the foundation soil carrier is, the more developed the root system of the plant is, the more water the plant absorbs is, the thicker the cotton rope required by capillarity is, the size of the foundation soil carrier and the thickness of the cotton rope are determined according to the developed degree of the root system of the plant, and the cotton rope penetrates out of the round hole and hangs below the liquid level of the nutrient solution;
according to one embodiment of the invention, in step 5, a base soil carrier is embedded into the round hole of the upper cover opened in step 2 to be fixed, and the upper cover is covered with the nutrient solution plate;
according to one embodiment of the invention, in step 6, nutrient solution is injected into the nutrient solution disk, so that the nutrient solution submerges cotton ropes hanging at the lower end of the foundation soil carrier and is separated from the bottom of the foundation soil carrier, the water inlet length of the cotton ropes is determined according to the length of time interval for adding the nutrient solution, and when the liquid level is reduced to be separated from the cotton ropes and the humidity of the foundation soil influences plants to absorb the nutrients, a solution adding pump is started to add the nutrient solution;
according to one embodiment of the present invention, in step 7, the base soil is seeded with the plant seeds, so that the nutrient solution can preserve the soil moisture of the base soil under the action of capillary force.
Drawings
The attached drawings are as follows: is based on a soilless culture method for planting plants by capillarity
Modes for carrying out the invention
According to one embodiment of the invention, the object is achieved by:
A. parts of a soilless culture facility for growing plants by capillarity are made and assembled to complete equipment.
A metal or plastic nutrient solution disk (shown in figure 1-1) is manufactured according to a certain specification, the disk is flanged (shown in figure 1-2), and screw holes (shown in figure 1-3) are reserved along the edge according to a certain specification. Making an upper cover (shown in figures 1-4) with certain bearing strength according to the specification of the outer edge of the nutrition disc, arranging a plurality of round holes (shown in figures 1-5) for supporting a foundation soil carrier on the upper cover according to the plant spacing, making a bowl-shaped foundation soil carrier (shown in figures 1-6) according to the developed degree of the plant root system, arranging round holes (shown in figures 1-7) with certain specification at the bottom of the bowl according to the volume of the foundation soil carrier, and penetrating cotton ropes or fiber ropes (shown in figures 1-8) with corresponding thickness through the round holes, wherein the larger the volume of the foundation soil carrier is, the more the plant root system is developed, the more the cotton ropes required by capillarity are, embedding the foundation soil carrier into the round holes of the upper cover, covering the nutrient solution disc with the upper cover and fixing (shown in figures 1-9), injecting nutrient solution (shown in figures 1-10) into the nutrient solution disc to ensure that the nutrient solution submerges the cotton ropes, plant seeds (shown in figure 1-11) are planted in the base soil carrier, so that the nutrient solution can be soaked in the base soil under the action of capillary force.
B. Carrying out soilless culture of plants by capillarity
The method is characterized in that the complete soilless culture equipment is assembled through the embodiment A, plant seeds are implanted into foundation soil, nutrient solution is injected into the nutrient solution disc, the nutrient solution submerges cotton ropes hung at the lower end of the foundation soil carrier, the cotton ropes are formed by interweaving cotton threads to form dense and developed capillary tubes, and the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution disc can overcome the gravity of the earth under the capillary action and gradually rises along the cotton ropes until the foundation soil is saturated after being soaked. Plant seeds obtain moisture and nutrient in moist base soil to promote germination, continuously grow and drill out the base soil to become seedlings, the seedlings naturally absorb nutrient solution to the base soil by self demand for moisture and nutrient, the loss of the nutrient solution in the base soil is naturally absorbed to the nutrient solution disc by cotton ropes, the base soil is always kept in a moist state, excessive moisture and root retting can not occur, insufficient moisture and dry root can not occur, the water inlet length of the cotton ropes is determined according to the interval time of adding the nutrient solution, after the liquid level is reduced to be separated from the cotton ropes, when the moisture of the base soil influences plant absorption and nutrient, a liquid adding pump is started to add the nutrient solution. The plantlets grow continuously, and the whole process of plant growth is completed through flowering, seed setting and maturation.
In summary, the invention provides a soilless culture method for planting plants through capillarity, which is an improvement and innovation on soilless culture technology, overcomes a plurality of defects in the prior art through the application of generating water absorption function through capillarity, and enables the soilless culture technology to realize the optimal use effect under simple process conditions; the cotton rope or fiber rope separated water absorption method is adopted to provide water and nutrient components for the plant foundation soil, so that the requirements of the plants on the water and nutrient solution are automatically absorbed in the natural state, the continuous and stable supply of the nutrient solution to the plants is improved, good growth and development conditions are provided for the plants, and the pure natural and pollution-free plant culture state is achieved.
The process of the present invention will be illustrated in more detail by the following examples, which are, however, for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Example (b):
manufacturing a nutrient solution plate poured by plastic materials according to the specification of 1m by 2m by 0.15m, flanging the edge of the plate, and reserving screw holes according to a certain specification along the edge. An upper cover which is transversely distributed with reinforcing ribs is manufactured according to the specification of the outer edge of the nutrition plate, 6 round holes with the diameter of 8cm are arranged on the upper cover at the transverse interval of 0.15m, 9 rows of round holes with the diameter of 0.8cm are arranged at the longitudinal interval of 0.2m, and the round holes are used for supporting and supporting the foundation soil carrier. The method comprises the steps of manufacturing a bowl-shaped base soil carrier according to the developed degree of plant roots, wherein the diameter of a bowl opening is 10cm, the diameter of the cross section of a bowl at the height 1/2 is 8cm, the diameter of a bowl bottom is 5cm, a round hole of 1.5cm is formed in the bowl bottom, cotton ropes with corresponding thicknesses penetrate through the round hole, the base soil carrier is embedded into and fixed with the round hole of the upper cover, the nutrient solution plate covered by the upper cover is fixed through screws, and prepared organic water and fertilizer nutrient solution is injected into the nutrient solution plate, so that the nutrient solution submerges the cotton ropes at the lower end of the base soil carrier. Corn seeds are planted in the base soil carrier, so that the nutrient solution is soaked in the base soil under the action of capillary force.
Under the temperature condition of the environmental temperature of about 20 ℃, the corn seeds in the base soil begin to germinate within three days, and the corn seeds break the soil within ten days to emerge. From planting to harvesting, the growth period is shortened by 1/3, because the corn plants have more hanging rods and dense seeds, the yield is improved by more than 30 percent compared with the conventional planting, and in the growth period, the use of pesticides and fertilizers is avoided in the whole process due to the absorption of organic nutrients, thereby reaching the pure natural and pollution-free plant culture state.
Practices prove that the soilless culture method for planting the plants through the capillary action has the advantages of short growth period, high yield and high fruit quality.
Claims (8)
1. A soilless culture method for growing plants by capillarity, the method comprising: a. manufacturing a nutrient solution tray and an upper cover with certain bearing strength according to certain specifications; b. a plurality of round holes for supporting the foundation soil carrier are formed in the upper cover according to the plant spacing of the plants; c. manufacturing a bowl-shaped foundation soil carrier according to the developed degree of the plant root system; d. according to the volume of the foundation soil carrier, a round hole with a certain specification is formed in the bottom of the bowl, and cotton ropes or fiber ropes with corresponding thicknesses penetrate through the round hole; e. embedding the base soil carrier into the circular hole of the upper cover and covering the nutrient solution plate with the upper cover; f. injecting nutrient solution into the nutrient solution disk to enable the nutrient solution to submerge cotton ropes hung at the lower end of the base soil carrier; h. plant seeds are planted in the base soil carrier, so that the nutrient solution is soaked in the base soil under the action of capillary force.
2. A soilless culture method for growing plants by utilizing capillary action as claimed in claim 1, wherein said nutrient solution tray and upper cover are made into tray type tools with any specification according to requirements, the material is preferably metal or plastic, and the upper cover is provided with reinforcing ribs according to the bearing weight.
3. A soilless culture method for growing plants by capillary action as claimed in claim 1 wherein the top cover is provided with a plurality of circular holes for supporting the soil carriers, the pitch of the holes is determined according to the plant spacing, and the specification is that the soil carriers 4/5 are provided with circular holes with cross sections at the high positions 2/5.
4. A soilless culture method for growing plants by capillary action as claimed in claim 1 wherein the soil carrier is a bowl-shaped container made of plastic or metal and its specification is determined by the development degree of plant root system.
5. A soilless culture method for growing plants by utilizing capillary action as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bottom of the soil carrier bowl is provided with a circular hole of a certain specification, and cotton ropes or fiber ropes with corresponding thickness penetrate through the circular hole, the size of the circular hole and the thickness of the cotton ropes penetrating through the circular hole are determined according to the volume of the soil carrier, so that more nutrient solution is needed if the volume is large, and the thickness of the cotton ropes or fiber ropes for conveying the nutrient solution needs to be increased.
6. A soilless culture method for growing plants by capillary action as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution is poured into the nutrient solution tray to submerge the cotton thread rope hanging from the lower end of the base soil carrier, the submerging cotton thread rope is a cotton thread rope which is inserted into the nutrient solution, the length of the water inserted into the cotton thread rope is determined according to the length of the interval time for adding the nutrient solution, the interval time for lowering the liquid level to be separated from the cotton thread rope and the required normal dry humidity of the plants are grasped according to the different requirements of the plants on water and nutrients in different growth periods, and the liquid adding pump is started to add the nutrient solution.
7. A soilless culture method for growing plants by capillary action as claimed in claim 1 wherein the substrate is planted with plant seeds including vegetable seeds, bean seeds, millet seeds and any seeds capable of growing in soil.
8. A soilless culture method for growing plants by capillary action as claimed in claim 1 wherein the nutrient solution is caused to penetrate the soil base by capillary action, the principle is that the nutrient solution submerges the cotton thread rope hanging from the lower end of the soil base carrier, and because the cotton thread rope is formed by interweaving cotton threads to form densely developed capillaries, the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution tray can overcome the gravity of the earth and gradually rise along the cotton thread rope under the capillary action until the soil base is saturated.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNPCT/CN2009/000207 | 2019-11-07 | ||
| CN2019000207 | 2019-11-07 |
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| CN112772396A true CN112772396A (en) | 2021-05-11 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115399233A (en) * | 2022-10-11 | 2022-11-29 | 黄冈师范学院 | Device and method for tracking growth and development of radish in whole growth period |
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| CN101857477A (en) * | 2010-05-19 | 2010-10-13 | 珠海市农业科学研究中心 | Formula of gynura bicolor nutrient solution and gynura bicolor cultivation method |
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| CN204811371U (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-12-02 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Nutrient solution water planting system |
| CN109006034A (en) * | 2018-10-01 | 2018-12-18 | 北京智美花坊科技有限公司 | A kind of floral organ |
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| CN115399233A (en) * | 2022-10-11 | 2022-11-29 | 黄冈师范学院 | Device and method for tracking growth and development of radish in whole growth period |
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