CN106688549B

CN106688549B - Three-year rotation method for interplanting Lanzhou lily and corn/broad bean

Info

Publication number: CN106688549B
Application number: CN201611089039.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王亚军; 张玉宝; 谢忠奎; 邱阳; 郭志鸿; 何玉惠; 杨果
Original assignee: Northwest Institute of Eco Environment and Resources of CAS
Current assignee: Northwest Institute of Eco Environment and Resources of CAS
Priority date: 2016-12-01
Filing date: 2016-12-01
Publication date: 2022-06-24
Anticipated expiration: 2036-12-01
Also published as: CN106688549A

Abstract

The interplanting technology claimed by the invention utilizes the shade-resistant habit of lily, plants are planted alternately in wide and narrow bands, one line of corn or two lines of broad beans are interplanted in the broad band of lily, the interplanted period is three years, the corn is interplanted in the first year, the corn is wheeled as the broad beans in the next year, the corn and the broad beans which are crop by turns are utilized to form a space barrier, the large-area diffusion of paraquat and root diseases is inhibited, and the disease sensitivity rate of plants is reduced by more than 60 percent compared with that of single lily; the self-toxicity barrier of root exudates caused by the perennial habit of the lilies is reduced, the community structure of soil microorganisms is changed, and the development of disease microorganisms is inhibited.

Description

Three-year rotation method for interplanting Lanzhou lily and corn/broad bean

Technical Field

The invention relates to a three-year rotation method for interplanting Lanzhou lily and corn/broad bean, in particular to a high-yield and high-efficiency planting method suitable for crop interplanting, rotation and crop rotation in semiarid regions in China.

Background

The Lanzhou lily integrates nutrition, medicinal and health-care values, is widely favored, and is mainly distributed in semiarid areas such as Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai. Besides the internal marketing, the product is also exported to Japan, southeast Asia and other countries, the economic benefit is very obvious, and the production area is also enlarged year by year.

The lilium brownii is a perennial plant, is cold-resistant and drought-resistant, is mostly planted in cold and semi-arid mountainous areas with the elevation of 1700-2200 m and the rainfall of 300-450 mm, mainly adopts a single type mode, and is generally planted for more than three years for harvesting. In the area, the income of the Lanzhou lily in three years is between 2 and 3 ten thousand yuan, which is far higher than that of other crops, and the method is a main income source for planting farmers. The requirements of the Lanzhou lily on the climate and soil conditions of a planting area are strict, the planting area is narrow, in addition, the perennial habit of the lily is very common, the continuous cropping phenomenon of a main production area is very common, the infectious diseases such as blight, leaf blight and the like are caused to occur in a large area, the soil nutrient is seriously consumed, and the phenomenon of lily nutrient deficiency is aggravated year by year. In addition, through years of research, a large amount of autotoxic substances such as phthalic acid exist in lily root secretion, some autotoxic substances are slowly decomposed and easily accumulated in soil, the growth of lily roots is inhibited, the root activity is reduced, the absorption of crops to soil nutrients is reduced, the pathogenic toxicity of pathogenic bacteria is enhanced, lily premature senility is caused, the quality and the yield are greatly reduced, and great loss is caused to lily production. Since newly reclaimed forest lands and grass lands are most suitable for the growth of lily, the phenomenon of reclaiming wasteland and destroying forest in lily planting areas is common, and the local ecological environment is seriously damaged.

The ecological research result shows that the stability of a single population is poor, and diseases are easy to occur and develop. The stability of the composite colony is good, and biological barriers formed by different species have limiting and blocking effects on the spread of diseases. The interplanting is a cultivation system for strip planting by adopting two or more than two crops, is a common compound planting mode in agriculture in China, can effectively prevent and control the occurrence and spread of plant diseases and insect pests, can fully utilize water, soil, light and heat resources, and improves the resource utilization rate. The types of crops suitable for interplanting are more, and the interplanting mode and the cultivation method are different according to the crops. The interplanting technology of lily has been studied (patent publication numbers: CN104756723A and CN 104145667A), but the variety of lily is annual lily, the requirements for light, heat and water resources are very different, and the shade resistance is very different. In addition, the interplanting years are different, the lily interplanting is researched for one year in the prior art, the perennial habit of the Lanzhou lily requires the interplanting for more than three years, crop rotation must be considered in the Lanzhou lily interplanting technology, and the development difficulty of the Lanzhou lily interplanting technology is increased. The rainfall of the area where the lily is suitable for the Lanzhou is small, the limited rainfall can not meet the water requirement of the interplanted crops, supplementary irrigation needs to be carried out, the lily in Lanzhou is not suitable for irrigation, if the soil moisture is too much, large-area occurrence of soil-borne diseases and leaf blight is easy to cause, and the yellowing degree of the lily leaves is increased. Therefore, how to solve the water requirements of different crops and improve the water productivity of farmlands in cold and semi-arid regions in the lily interplanting technology is one of the difficulties of the technology.

If the Lanzhou lily is successfully interplanted with other crops, the method has positive effects of improving the utilization rate of agricultural resources in ecologically fragile areas, increasing the land production equivalent and improving the income of farmers. However, the Lanzhou lily only has a single mode at present, and an interplanting technology and a mode suitable for the special environment and the special crops are not provided.

Disclosure of Invention

By utilizing the habit of short and relatively shade-resistant plant height of the Lanzhou lily, the Lanzhou lily is mainly planted at intervals in wide and narrow strips, the lily is planted in a wide strip (80 cm) and the width of the lily is about 0.6 times of the height of a corn plant, and a row of corn or two rows of broad beans are interplanted in a narrow strip (40 cm). The corn and the broad beans which are crop by rotation are utilized to form a space barrier, so that the large-area spread of the paraquat and root diseases is inhibited, and the disease incidence of plants is reduced by more than 60 percent compared with that of single lily. The root secretion autotoxicity barrier caused by the perennial habits of the lily is reduced, the community structure of soil microorganisms is changed, and the development of disease microorganisms is inhibited. By adopting a wide-row interplanting mode of one row of corns or two rows of broad beans and the lilies, the lily shade is realized, the yellowing phenomenon of the Lanzhou lily leaves under strong light is relieved, the chlorophyll content is increased by 12 percent, the functional period of the lily leaves is prolonged by more than 15 days, and the lily shade is not excessively caused, and the photosynthesis of the lily is not influenced. The interplanting period is three years, the lily in the first year is sown in the last ten days of the last year in advance, the growing period of the lily in autumn is further prolonged by about 20 days, the seedling emergence of the Lanzhou lily in spring can be ensured early, the corn is sown in the middle of April, and the partial shading and shielding effects of the high-stalk crops are ensured. In the next year, broad beans are interplanted by belt wheels, so that the biological diversity of the farmland is enhanced, and the consumption of nutrients and water is balanced. In the third year, no interplanting is carried out, so that the lily grows and expands fully, the yield of the Lanzhou lily is stabilized and improved, and the yield of the interplanting field is not lower than that of single lily. The interplanting also utilizes the obvious difference of the plant heights of the corns and the lilies to ensure that each corn can obtain sufficient illumination, the double-stick or multi-stick rate reaches more than 98 percent, the single-plant yield of the corns is increased, the yield of the interplanted corns reaches more than 600kg, and the single-plant yield reaches 80 percent. The single-row interplanting of the corns also reduces the consumption of soil moisture, reduces the irrigation quantity of the corn belt, the irrigation quantity is 200mm in the area with the precipitation of 300-400 mm, and the irrigation quantity is only 100mm in the area with the precipitation of 400-500 mm, which is reduced by 50 percent compared with that of single corn. The deep root system of the corn or the broad bean and the shallow root system of the lily are coordinated with each other, the utilization rate of soil moisture and nutrient is improved, the moisture productivity is improved by 24.6 percent, the corn with the broad bean can play a role in restoring the land, the acre yield of the interplanted broad beans is 120kg, the land equivalent ratio is 1.31 on average in three years, and the yield increase rate reaches 30 percent.

The key point of the invention is that the influence of interplanting on the photosynthesis and yield of the lily is reduced as much as possible while the propagation barrier of the large-area infectious diseases of the lily is formed by using the high-stem interplanting crops, and more other crops are harvested on the premise of ensuring or improving the yield of the lily, so that the land production equivalent is increased.

The technical points of the invention are as follows: (1) planting interplanted crops at intervals of wide and narrow bands; (2) planting corn/broad bean in narrow band; (3) planting Lanzhou lily in a wide band; (4) sowing lily in autumn in the first year; (5) the strip interplanted with the lily implements a 'corn-broad bean-leisure' rotation mode.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

(1) an interplanting mode is as follows: sowing corns in a single row, sowing broad bean in double rows, interplanting 4 rows of lilies in one row of corns or two rows of broad beans, wherein the width of the lilies is 0.6 times of the height of the corn plants and the lilies are arranged in the east-west direction;

(2) the planting mode is as follows: the Lanzhou lily is planted in ridges, the corn is planted with mulching films at the bottoms of the corn furrows, the corn belts are planted with the broad beans in a ring one year, and the corn belts are vacant in the third year, so that the lily is fully expanded in the current year of harvesting;

(3) the crop rotation method comprises the following steps: planting the Lanzhou lily in a belt, sowing once and having a growth cycle of three years; interplanting crops completes three-year rotation period according to the idle rotation sequence of corn, broad beans and the like every year;

(4) sowing: sowing the lily in the last ten days of October, and sowing the corn in the middle and last ten days of April in the next year;

(5) the application area is as follows: a semi-arid area with an altitude of 1700-1900 m and a rainfall of 300-500 mm.

Drawings

FIG. 1: the field planting schematic diagram is implemented by the three-year rotation method for interplanting Lanzhou lily and corn/broad bean;

a: in the first year, 4 rows of Lanzhou lilies are planted in 80cm wide rows, one row of corns are planted in 40cm narrow rows in a sleeved mode, the corns are harvested in the mature period, the lilies continue to stay in the soil for overwintering, and the germination and growth of the lilies in the next year are waited;

b: in the next year, two rows of broad beans (40 cm narrow rows) are interplanted in 4 rows of Lanzhou lilies (80 cm wide rows) in the previous year, namely: two rows of broad beans are planted in a narrow row of 40 cm; harvesting the broad beans in the mature period, continuously keeping the lilies in the soil for overwintering, and waiting for germination and growth in the next year;

c: in the third year, 40cm narrow rows are idle, 4 rows of lily bulbs with 80cm wide rows continue to grow and expand, and harvesting is carried out in the mature period, so that the three-year rotation period is completed.

Detailed Description

(1) Variety selection: the lily is selected from Lanzhou lily, and the corn is selected from early-medium-maturing varieties such as: jade 335, and the like. The broad beans are selected from local high-yield varieties such as: qinghai No. 13, tussah silkworm No. 11, etc.

(2) An interplanting mode is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of sowing corns in a single row, sowing broad bean in double rows, interplanting 4 rows of lilies in one row of corns or two rows of broad beans, wherein the width of the lilies is 0.6 times of the height of a corn plant, and the lilies are arranged in the east-west direction.

(3) The planting mode is as follows: the Lanzhou lily is planted in ridges, the width of each ridge is the width of a lily strip, the row spacing of the lilies is 30cm, and the plant spacing is 20 cm. The distance between two ridges is 40cm, the furrows are 10cm deep, the corn is planted on the film of the bottoms of the furrows, the plant distance of the corn is 25cm, the corn is planted under the corn belts in a ring for one year, the distance between two rows of broad beans is 20cm, and the plant distance is 10 cm. In the third year, the lily is in an empty row, so that the lily is fully expanded in the current year of harvesting.

(4) Sowing: the lily is sown in the last ten days of October, and the corn is sown in the middle and last ten days of April in the next year. The lily base fertilizer is mainly farmyard manure and is 2-3 m per mu³Applying 5kg of pure nitrogen to each mu of fertilizer,phosphorus to potassium (N: P: K) =1:0.7: 1; and 2 kg/mu of long-acting iron fertilizer is applied in the same direction as the sowing ditch during sowing. 15kg of pure nitrogen and nitrogen-phosphorus (N: P) =1:0.7 are applied to each acre of corn, wherein 40% of the total bottom application amount and 60% of top application amount are applied, and the top application amount is once applied after the joint shifting and in the flowering period. The sowing depth of the Lanzhou lily is 10cm (the depth of soil covering). Broad beans which are crop-rotation-planted with corns are sown in late March of the next year, 5kg of pure nitrogen is applied to each acre, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N, P, k) =1:0.7: 1.

(5) Field management: the corn and the broad bean are subjected to drip irrigation or furrow irrigation, the corn is irrigated twice in an area with the precipitation of 300-400 mm, the corn is irrigated once in the post-jointing and flowering period, the irrigation quantity is 200mm, and the irrigation quantity is 100mm in the area with the precipitation of 400-500 mm and is reduced by half compared with the irrigation quantity when the corn is single; the lily is not irrigated; in the second and third years of lily growth, 5kg of pure nitrogen is additionally applied per mu after lily seedlings emerge, wherein nitrogen is phosphorus and potassium (N: P: K) =1:0.7: 1. And timely removing the weeds in the field.

(6) The application area is as follows: a semi-arid area with an altitude of 1700-1900 m and a rainfall of 300-500 mm.

Claims

1. A three-year rotation method for interplanting Lanzhou lily and corn/broad bean comprises the following steps:

(1) variety selection:

the lily is Lanzhou lily; selecting annual early-medium-maturing varieties of corns; selecting an annual spring sowing variety for the broad beans;

(2) an interplanting mode is as follows:

single-row sowing of corn, continuous double-row sowing of broad beans, interplanting Lanzhou lily between one row of corn or two rows of broad beans, continuously planting 4 rows of Lanzhou lily, and leading the planting belt to be in an east-west trend;

(3) the crop rotation method comprises the following steps:

planting the Lanzhou lily in a belt, sowing once and having a growth cycle of three years; interplanting crops completes a three-year rotation period according to the corn-broad bean-idle rotation sequence;

(4) the planting mode is as follows:

the Lanzhou lily is planted in a ridge, the ridge width is the width of the lily, and 4 rows of Lanzhou lily are continuously planted in the ridge width to form a lily zone; furrowing is carried out between two furrows at a distance of 40cm to form a corn belt, and a row of corns are planted in a film covering manner in the furrows; the ditch part rotates two rows of broad beans in the next year; the third year of the furrow is empty, and no crop is planted, so that the lily is fully expanded in the third year of harvesting;

(5) sowing:

firstly, sowing seeds in late october ten days of Lanzhou lily; sowing corn in the middle and last ten days of April in the next year; broad beans which are crop-rotated with corns are sown in late March of the next year after the corns are harvested;

(6) field management:

the corn and the broad bean are subjected to drip irrigation or furrow irrigation, the corn is irrigated twice in an area with the precipitation of 300-400 mm, and the corn is irrigated once after jointing and in the flowering period, wherein the irrigation amount is 200 mm; in the area with the precipitation of 400-500 mm, the irrigation quantity is 100 mm; the lily is not irrigated;

the seeding soil covering depth of the Lanzhou lily is 10cm, the Lanzhou lily base fertilizer is mainly farmyard manure and is 2-3 m per mu³Applying 5kg of pure nitrogen per mu of fertilizer, wherein N is P, K is =1, 0.7:1, and applying 2kg of long-acting iron fertilizer per mu in the same direction as sowing ditches during sowing; applying 15kg of pure nitrogen to each acre of corn, wherein the ratio of N to P is =1:0.7, the total amount of bottom application is 40%, the top application is 60%, and the top application is performed once in the joint period and the large-horn mouth period; applying 5kg of pure nitrogen to broad beans planted with corns per acre, wherein N is P: k =1:0.7: 1;

(7) the application area is as follows:

a semi-arid area with an altitude of 1700-1900 m and a rainfall of 300-500 mm.

2. The three-year rotation method for interplanting Lanzhou lily and corn/broad beans as claimed in claim 1, wherein the corn is Yu 335, and the broad beans are Qinghai No. 13 or Yun silkworm No. 11.

3. The three-year rotation method for interplanting Lanzhou lily and corn/broad bean according to claim 1, wherein the bandwidth of the lily is 80 cm; the row spacing of the lily is 30cm, and the plant spacing is 20 cm.

4. The three-year rotation method for interplanting lilium davidii and corn/broad bean according to claim 3, wherein the corn plant spacing is 25 cm.

5. The three-year rotation method for interplanting Lanzhou lily and corn/broad beans as claimed in claim 4, wherein the row spacing of the broad beans is 20cm, and the plant spacing is 10 cm.