CN108781814B - Method for quickly forming seedlings of noni in different germplasm resources in different places - Google Patents

Method for quickly forming seedlings of noni in different germplasm resources in different places Download PDF

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CN108781814B
CN108781814B CN201810677735.6A CN201810677735A CN108781814B CN 108781814 B CN108781814 B CN 108781814B CN 201810677735 A CN201810677735 A CN 201810677735A CN 108781814 B CN108781814 B CN 108781814B
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noni
cutting
seedling
branches
different
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CN108781814A (en
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杨焱
杨朴丽
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Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops
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Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/10Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/25Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics

Abstract

The invention provides a method for quickly forming seedlings of noni in different germplasm resources in different places, which comprises the following steps: 1) preparing a substrate: coconut chaff is used as a cuttage matrix; 2) collecting the allopatric noni germplasm resources in vivo: selecting branches of noni high-yield and cold-resistant germplasm in different distribution areas for ex-situ living body preservation; 3) cutting and seedling raising: performing cutting propagation on the collected 2-year-old cork primary branches, wherein the annual average temperature in a seedling raising shed is 28-30 ℃, and the humidity is 60-65%; 4) and (3) seedling emergence: after 40-50 days of cuttage, the seedlings can be transplanted out of the nursery. The method provided by the invention realizes that the survival rate of the living bodies of different noni germplasms is more than 95% by optimizing the cultivation method from the aspects of collection of different germplasms, ex-situ living body preservation and rapid seedling formation, and the cultivation effect is extremely excellent. The method can realize the characteristics of noni variety specificity, consistency and stability, can bloom and bear fruits in the same year of planting, and has remarkable cultivation efficiency and lower cost.

Description

Method for quickly forming seedlings of noni in different germplasm resources in different places
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of noni breeding and cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for quickly forming seedlings of noni in different germplasm resources in different places.
Background
Noni (Morindacitrifolia L.) also known as Morinda citrifolia, also known as "printed Mulberry", Sijiguo, noni, Roento pear, and the like, is a evergreen shrub or arbor in the perennial tropical zone of Morinda of Rubiaceae. The plants are mainly distributed in the countries such as Pacific ocean tropical Islands, Borisia and southeast Asia, and China such as Hainan island, West Shashang island, Taiwan, Guangdong and Yunnan is also planted. Noni is a green food which integrates nutrition, health care and medical treatment, is praised by world nutriologists as the most promising green food in the 21 st century, and has huge market development prospect.
However, noni is a typical tropical plant, the distribution area is narrow, the noni is seriously influenced by environmental restriction, and the suitable cultivation area in China is rare. And noni genetic resources are in short supply in China, according to Chinese plant records, the rubiaceae morinda plants are about 102 in the world, 26, 1 subspecies and 6 varieties exist in China, at present, no self-bred varieties exist in China, and wild germplasm is domesticated for production. Therefore, the enhancement of the collection, preservation and breeding of cold-resistant and high-yield germplasm resources of noni, which is a new noni variety suitable for the multi-climate environment of China, is the key for the industrialized development of noni in China.
At present, the research on noni at home and abroad is mostly focused on the aspects of the contained nutrient components, chemical components, pharmacological activity, tissue culture research and the like, and the research on collection and preservation of germplasm resources is relatively less. The yanacili et al analyzed and researched the diversity of the quality traits of 4 introduced noni germplasm fruits, and the result shows that: the quality and the characters of the fruits of different noni germplasms are obviously different, and the noni germplasms have rich diversity. The quality of the noni fruits from different sources is analyzed by the Lige et al, and the results show that: the water content range of noni in 12 different producing areas is 3.762-10.850%, the total ash content range is 5.171-18.469%, the flavone content range is 6.997-16.697mg/g, the polysaccharide content range is 30.101-64.021mg/g, and the asperulosic acid content range is 0.651-4.217mg/g, which shows that the noni quality in different producing areas has diversified differences. Yan and the like research 4 different noni germplasms, and find that the appearance traits of the fruits of different germplasms have certain difference, the content difference of the energy, protein, carbohydrate, total dietary fiber and other nutrient components of different noni germplasms is obvious, and the content difference of the mineral nutrients of different germplasms is also large. The seeds of four noni germplasms introduced from America and Hainan are cultivated by using cyanine, and the like, and the four germplasms introduced and cultivated in one year are found to have large differences in all aspects, and the growth speed, the fruiting amount, the weight of mature fruits and the growth habit of different germplasms are obviously different. The allopatric propagation and cultivation of noni different germplasm resources are more easily restricted by environmental factors.
The collection and preservation of the noni germplasm resources are the material basis for breeding seeds, the more germplasm resources are mastered, the higher the possibility of selecting excellent varieties is, and the key effect on the sustainable development of production is achieved. How to provide a method for storing different germplasm resources of nonis in different places and quickly forming seedlings so as to improve the efficiency of in-vivo preservation of germplasm resources and seedling propagation and reduce the production cost of different germplasm resources of nonis at the same time becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently for noni cultivation and propagation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems, and provides a method for quickly forming seedlings of noni in different germplasm resources in different places, so as to provide reliable technical guidance for collection, storage and cultivation of the noni germplasm resources.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for allopatric rapid seedling establishment of noni different germplasm resources comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a substrate: selecting coconut coir as a cuttage substrate, wherein the volume weight of the coconut coir is 0.18g/cm319.25% porosity, 6.27 pH, 271.93us/cm EC value, 25cm thickness;
2) collecting the allopatric noni germplasm resources in vivo: selecting noni different germplasms in different distribution areas, and cutting branches from plants to perform ex-situ living body preservation, wherein the branches are 40cm long and have 5-6 bud points;
3) cutting and seedling raising: cutting the branches preserved in the step 2) to be 20-30cm in length and with 2-3 bud points as cutting slips, performing cutting seedling culture in a seedling culture shed, wherein the upper end of a cut is a flat opening, the lower end of the cut is 5cm away from the bud points and is an oblique opening, inserting the oblique opening part of the branch into wet coconut coir, covering 1 bud point by using a substrate in the cutting depth, and compacting the coconut coir around the cutting slips, wherein the distance between the cutting slips is 8-10 cm; the annual average temperature in the seedling raising shed is 28-30 ℃, and the humidity is 60-65%;
4) and (3) seedling emergence: after 40-50 days, when the young shoots of the cutting shoots are 20-25cm long and the root system is 10-15cm long, the cutting seedlings can be transplanted for field planting.
The method provided by the invention can be applied to the different-place quick seedling method of noni different germplasms, can improve the specificity, consistency and stability of germplasm resources, and simultaneously reduce the storage cost of noni different germplasm resources, realizes the different-place living body storage and quick seedling of noni different germplasm resources according to the method, the rooting rate of the cutting slips is up to more than 93 percent and up to 98 percent, the transplanting and planting survival rate of the cutting slips with different germplasms after rooting can be up to more than 95 percent, and the cultivation effect is extremely excellent.
The method of the invention is simple and convenient, and can effectively propagate and store the collected high-quality noni germplasm resource living bodies in different places, and the collected high-quality noni germplasm resource living bodies can bloom and bear fruits in the same year of planting. The method can realize the characteristics of noni variety specificity, consistency and stability, and can be used for noni industrialized seedling culture with remarkable culture efficiency and low cost.
In the method, the moisture content of the coconut coir in the step 1) is 50%.
In the method, the different germplasm of noni selected in the step 2) comprises cold-resistant germplasm and high-yield excellent germplasm.
In the method, the noni branches cut in the step 2) are 2-year-old suberized primary branches, and the diameter of the noni branches is 15-20 mm.
In the method, the method for preserving the ex-situ living body in the step 2) comprises the following steps: completely cutting off leaves and weak branches on 2-year-old suberized primary branches, spraying 1000 times of 50% chlorothalonil wettable powder at the cut of each branch, sealing the cut by using a preservative film, winding the cut branches tightly by using wet gauze, marking, taking the branches back to different places, and storing the branches in living bodies in seedling raising sheds.
In the method, watering is carried out for 2 times every day in the cutting seedling raising process.
In the method, the cutting seedling is cultivated in a seedling bed, and the coconut coir is paved in the seedling bed to be used as a cutting medium.
Furthermore, the three-needle sunshade net can be erected at the position 2m above the seedling bed by the method, and the sunshade rate is 55%.
Furthermore, a three-needle sunshade net is used in summer to reduce the moisture evaporation of branches, and the sunshade net is removed after 2 weeks; the sunshade net is not used in winter.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the seedling cultivation time of noni germplasm resources is obviously shortened, and the noni germplasm resources can be outplanted and rated after being subjected to cuttage cultivation for 40-50 d;
(2) the method well realizes the ex-situ living preservation and breeding of different germplasms of noni, the rooting rate of the cutting shoots is up to more than 93 percent and up to 98 percent, and the transplanting and planting survival rate of different germplasms can reach more than 95 percent;
(3) in the invention, any rooting microbial inoculum is not used during cuttage, thereby saving the cost and having a certain protection effect on the ecological environment;
(4) can well keep the specificity, consistency and stability of different noni germplasms.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be noted that the following embodiments are only for explaining and illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but rather, may be modified within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Collecting noni high-yield germplasm in Hainan in 11-month middle of 2016, and cultivating, specifically comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a substrate: in a seedling raising shed with an annual average temperature of 28-30 ℃ and a humidity of 60-65%, a seedling raising bed with a width of 130cm and a height of 40cm is built by bricks and cement, the length of the seedling raising bed can be determined according to local conditions, and the volume weight of the seedling raising bed is 0.18g/cm3The coconut coir with the ventilation pore of 19.25 percent, the pH value of 6.27 and the EC value of 271.93us/cm has the thickness of 25cm and the water content of 50 percent;
(2) collecting the allopatric noni germplasm resources in vivo: when noni germplasm resources are investigated in Hainan, intercepting 2-year-old cockled first-level branches from cold-resistant germplasm plants, wherein the branches have the diameter of 15-20mm and the length of 40cm and are provided with 5-6 bud points, completely cutting off leaves and weak branches on the branches, spraying 1000 times of 50% chlorothalonil wettable powder at the cut parts of the branches, sealing the cut parts by using a preservative film, winding the intercepted branches tightly by using wet gauze, marking and bringing the cut branches back to a nursery;
(3) cutting and seedling raising: truncating the branches collected from Hainan again, intercepting 2-year-old cork first-level branch branches with lengths of 20-30cm and 2-3 bud points as cuttings, wherein the upper end of a cut is a flat opening, the lower end of the cut is 5cm away from the bud points and is an oblique opening, the oblique opening part of each branch is inserted into wet coconut chaff, the cutting depth covers 1 bud point by using a substrate, the distance between every two cuttings is 8-10cm, the coconut chaff around each cutting is compacted, and the cuttings are watered thoroughly;
4) and (3) seedling emergence: after 45d, investigation is carried out on the rooting rate, the young shoot length and the root system length of the cutting.
Counting 100 cutting slips, and obtaining a statistical result after 45d cutting: the rooting rate is 93%, the young sprout length is 18-20cm, and the root length is 10-13 cm; at the moment, the seedlings can be transplanted out of nursery, water is poured once in the morning and at night in the early stage, the water is poured once a day after 10 days, and the survival rate of the seedlings is counted to be 95% after 30 days.
Example 2
Collecting cold-resistant excellent single plants in Hainan in 2017 for cultivation in 3 months, wherein the specific steps are the same as the steps (1) - (3) in the example 1, and erecting a 3-pin sunshade net at a height of 2m above a seedling bed in summer to reduce the water evaporation of cuttings, and removing the sunshade net after 2 weeks; counting 100 cutting slips, and obtaining a statistical result after 40d cutting: the rooting rate is 98%, the young sprout length is 20-23cm, and the root length is 10.2-13.6 cm; at the moment, the seedlings can be transplanted out of nursery, water is watered once in the morning and evening, water is watered once a day after 10 days, and the survival rate of the seedlings is counted to be 96% after 30 days.
Example 3
Collecting high-yield excellent single plants in Yuanjiang in 2017 in 8 months, wherein the specific steps are the same as the steps (1) - (3) in the embodiment 1, erecting a 3-pin sunshade net at a position 2m above a seedling bed in summer to reduce the water evaporation of cuttings, and removing the sunshade net after 2 weeks; counting 100 cutting slips, and obtaining a statistical result after 50d cutting: the rooting rate is 98%, the young sprout length is 21-24.5cm, and the root length is 12.7-15 cm; at the moment, the seedlings can be transplanted out of nursery, water is watered once in the morning and evening, water is watered once a day after 10 days, and the survival rate of the seedlings is counted to be 95% after 30 days.
Comparative example 1
And (3) paving a seedling raising bed in an environment with the annual average temperature of 21-27 ℃, the annual rainfall of more than 1500mm, the air relative humidity of more than 70% and no frost in the whole year, keeping the cuttage matrix unchanged, and performing other steps according to the method in the embodiment 1, wherein after 40 days of cuttage, the root length is 3-4cm, 1-2 pairs of new leaves are extracted, and the growth of the cutting shoots is slow under the influence of the environment (counting 100 cutting shoots).
Comparative example 2
Replacing the cutting substrate with river sand, peat soil, perlite and red soil according to the method in example 1, wherein after 50 days of cutting, the rooting rate and the growth vigor of the cutting are respectively (peat soil, perlite and 2:1) > peat soil > red soil > river sand, the rooting rate of peat soil, perlite and 2:1 is 72%, the root length is 9-12.6cm, and the new tip length is 5.8-10 cm; the peat soil rooting rate is 68%, the root length is 4.3-9cm, and the new tip length is 4.5-8.2 cm; the rooting rate of the laterite is 60%, the root length is 4-7.1cm, and the new tip length is 2.6-4.7 cm; the rooting rate of the river sand is 51 percent, the root length is 5.2-12.6cm, and the new tip length is 2.5-5.8 cm; when the cutting medium is peat soil, namely perlite: 2:1, peat soil, the nursery can be outplanted after 90d of cutting slips, and when the cutting medium is laterite or river sand, the nursery can be outplanted after 120d of cutting slips (counting 100 cutting slips to achieve the same length of the new shoot in example 1).
Comparative example 3
According to the method of the embodiment 2, the selected noni branches are half-cork branches, other methods are unchanged, after 50 days of cuttage, the rooting rate is 76%, the root length is 11-13cm, the new tip length is 4.8-8.5cm, the noni branches can be outplanted after 90 days of cuttage (counting 100 cuttings to achieve the same new tip length), and the final counted survival rate is 82%.
Comparative example 4
According to the method of the embodiment 2, the substrate is unchanged, the 2-year-old suberized first-grade branch collected from Hainan is used as a cutting, the plant hormone naphthylacetic acid (NAA) is used for dipping at a speed of 2000mg/L, other methods are unchanged, after 50 days of cutting, the rooting rate is 68%, the root length is 10.4-13cm, and the young shoot length is 20-23.5 cm; at the moment, the seedlings can be transplanted out of the nursery, water is poured once in the morning and at the evening, the seedlings are poured once a day after 10 days, and the survival rate of the seedlings is counted to 78 percent after 30 days (counting 100 cuttings).

Claims (7)

1. A noni different germplasm resources allopatric rapid seedling method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing a substrate: selecting coconut coir as a cuttage matrix, wherein the volume weight of the coconut coir is 0.18g/cm 3, the porosity is 19.25%, the pH value is 6.27, the EC value is 271.93 mu S/cm, the thickness is 25cm, and the water content is 50%;
2) collecting the allopatric noni germplasm resources in vivo: selecting noni different germplasm in different distribution areas, including cold-resistant germplasm and high-yield excellent germplasm, cutting branches from plants for storing living bodies in different places, wherein the branches are 40cm long and have 5-6 bud points;
3) cutting and seedling raising: cutting the branches preserved in the step 2) to be 20-30cm in length and with 2-3 bud points as cutting slips, performing cutting seedling culture in a seedling culture shed, wherein the upper end of a cut is a flat opening, the lower end of the cut is 5cm away from the bud points and is an oblique opening, inserting the oblique opening part of the branch into wet coconut coir, covering 1 bud point by using a substrate in the cutting depth, and compacting the coconut coir around the cutting slips, wherein the distance between the cutting slips is 8-10 cm; the annual average temperature in the seedling raising shed is 28-30 ℃, and the humidity is 60-65%;
4) and (3) seedling emergence: after 40-50 days, when the young shoots of the cutting shoots are 20-25cm long and the root system is 10-15cm long, the cutting seedlings can be transplanted for field planting.
2. The method for allopatric rapid seedling establishment of noni different germplasm resources according to claim 1, wherein the noni branches cut in the step 2) are 2-year-old cork primary branches, and the diameter is 15-20 mm.
3. The allopatric rapid seedling method of claim 1, wherein the method of step 2) of allopatric living preservation is: completely cutting off leaves and weak branches on 2-year-old suberized primary branches, spraying 1000 times of 50% chlorothalonil wettable powder at the cut of each branch, sealing the cut by using a preservative film, winding the cut branches tightly by using wet gauze, marking, taking the branches back to different places, and storing the branches in living bodies in seedling raising sheds.
4. The method for allopatric rapid seedling establishment of noni germplasm resources according to claim 1, wherein watering is performed 2 times per day during the cutting seedling process.
5. The method for allopatric rapid seedling establishment of noni different germplasm resources according to claim 1, wherein the cutting seedling establishment is carried out in a seedling establishment bed, and the coconut coir is laid in the seedling establishment bed as a cutting medium.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein a sunshade net is installed at a position 2m above the seedling bed, and the sunshade rate is 55%.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein a sunshade net is used in summer to reduce the water evaporation of the branches, and the sunshade net is removed after 2 weeks; the sunshade net is not used in winter.
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CN107509590A (en) * 2017-10-12 2017-12-26 海南诺尼产业园开发有限公司 A kind of standardized planting method of torrid areas Noni fruit good quality and high output
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CN104041319A (en) * 2014-07-10 2014-09-17 黄振忠 Morinda officinalis how cuttage seedling raising method
CN105210754A (en) * 2015-08-27 2016-01-06 云南省热带作物科学研究所 The beautiful cuttage and seedling culture method of a kind of promise
CN106358824A (en) * 2016-08-29 2017-02-01 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 Fig cutting rooting method
CN106717797A (en) * 2016-11-23 2017-05-31 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 A kind of cottage method of quick breeding Longjiang willow
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