CN111213578A - Method for cultivating Brazilian ipecac - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating Brazilian ipecac, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing the lower stem segment or seed root of Brazilian ipecac: the lower part of the stem is the lower part of a plant stem with Brazilian ipecac root which is cut into an upper section and a lower section, and a rooting agent is used for processing before planting; selecting healthy and strong root strips of Brazilian ipecac; (2) planting: planting the lower stem segment or the seed root in a culture medium; the culture medium comprises humus soil and coconut chaff, and the volume ratio of the humus soil to the coconut chaff is (3-5): 1; (3) and (3) managing after planting: the temperature in the environment is controlled to be 20-32 ℃, and the humidity is controlled to be 65-85%. The method carries out the ipecac propagation by using the lower-section cuttage or root division mode of the ipecac, has high rooting rate and high survival rate, and the cultivated ipecac root has good appearance character, the volume of the total root of a single plant is high, and the quality of the ipecac medicinal material is good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of introduction cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating Brazilian ipecac.
Background
Ipecac is the dried root of rubiaceae plant cephalelis ipecacuanha (Brot.) a. rich. or cephalelis acuminata Karsten, native to brazil; is an important and well-known herbal medicine in the world natural medicine market. Ipecacuanha was introduced from brazil into europe in 1648 years, is known as a specific drug for treating amebic dysentery, has expectorant and emetic effects, and is recorded in brazil national pharmacopoeia, U.S. pharmacopoeia, japanese pharmacopoeia, european pharmacopoeia, and the like. The main active components of ipecac are alkaloids, such as cephaeline and ipecacine, which can improve the symptoms of cough and excessive phlegm caused by viruses, such as novel coronavirus pneumonia (Covid-19) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), and has potential value of clinical application.
For a long time, the demand of Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises on ipecac medicinal materials depends on import, the related reproduction technology and the raw materials are lacked at present, and the orderly development of the ipecac related industrial chain can be promoted only by mastering the large-scale cultivation technology of the ipecac, so that the domestic ipecac market demand is solved, and the supply-demand contradiction of the domestic ipecac market is effectively relieved. Therefore, it is an urgent technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art to provide a method for cultivating Brazilian ipecac.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for cultivating Brazilian ipecac, which is the first domestic introduction and successful planting of Brazilian ipecac.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for cultivating Brazilian ipecac comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing the lower stem segment or seed root of Brazilian ipecac:
the lower part of the stem is the lower part of a plant stem with Brazilian ipecac root which is cut into an upper section and a lower section, and a rooting agent is used for processing before planting;
selecting Brazilian ipecac which is disease-free and strong in root;
(2) planting:
planting the lower stem segment or the seed root in a culture medium;
the culture medium comprises humus soil and coconut chaff, and the volume ratio of the humus soil to the coconut chaff is (3-5): 1;
(3) and (3) managing after planting:
the temperature in the environment is controlled to be 20-32 ℃, and the humidity is controlled to be 65-85%.
The ipecacuanha can be propagated in two modes of asexual propagation and sexual propagation, however, the survival rate of artificial seed propagation is 0 at present, and the effect of propagation by using the lower stem segment or the seed root of Brazilian ipecacuanha is obvious compared with other conditions and methods. In addition, the culture medium used in the invention has good promotion effect on the rooting of ipecac, has stable growth promotion effect, and is suitable for large-scale propagation treatment.
Preferably, in step (1)
The stem length of the lower section of the stem is more than or equal to 5.8cm, and the stem thickness is more than or equal to 2.41 mm;
the length of the seed root is more than or equal to 5.0cm, and the diameter is more than or equal to 3.00 mm.
The propagation survival rate of the lower stem section and the seed root which do not meet the requirements for ipecac is lower.
Further preferably, in the step (1)
The stem length of the lower stem section is 7.5 +/-1.1 cm, and the stem thickness is 2.59 +/-0.15 mm;
the length of the seed root is 5.0-14.0cm, and the diameter is 3.00-7.00 mm.
Preferably, the rooting agent used before planting in the step (1) is:
the lower stem section was treated with 15-25mg/L IAA or 15-25mg/L IBA for 1 h.
Preferably, the planting process of the lower stem section in the step (2) is as follows:
planting the lower stem sections treated by the rooting agent in the step (1) in root control devices filled with culture mediums, wherein 1 plant is planted in each root control device, and the filling thickness of the culture mediums in the root control devices is 20-30 cm;
when planting, axillary buds are upward, half length of the lower stem section is vertically inserted into the culture medium, compacted and watered.
Preferably, the planting process of the seed roots in the step (2) is as follows:
planting the seed roots in root control devices filled with culture mediums, wherein 1 plant is planted in each root control device, and the filling thickness of the culture mediums in the root control devices is 20-30 cm;
during planting, the root head is upward, the planting root is vertically inserted, the planting root is covered by the culture medium, and the planting root is compacted and watered.
The root control device is adopted for independent cultivation, so that the root system of the ipecac is stronger, the root rot can be prevented, the main root is prevented from coiling, and the transplanting is convenient.
Preferably, the greenhouse covered by the plastic film is placed after watering in the step (2), and the film is kept in an open state in the daytime at night in the month of the lowest temperature every year.
Preferably, the diameter of the root control device chassis is 60cm, and the height is 30 cm.
Preferably, the root control device is made of polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride, is corrosion-resistant, is long in service time and further effectively reduces the planting cost.
The method introduces the Brazilian ipecac, researches the aspects of the growth characteristics, the culture medium, the propagation mode and the like of the Brazilian ipecac, defines the high-efficiency culture technology of the ipecac, and provides a theoretical basis for the culture and planting of the Brazilian ipecac. The method carries out the ipecac propagation by using the lower-section cuttage or root division mode of the ipecac, and each growth index of the propagated ipecac grows well; meanwhile, the medicinal part of the ipecac is mainly roots, the appearance of the ipecac roots obtained by the cultivation method is better, the volume of the total roots of each plant is higher, and the quality of the ipecac medicinal material is further ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the effect of different culture media on the growth of emetic roots;
wherein, fig. 1A and 1B respectively show the influence on the total root volume and the number of roots, the difference significance of the data is analyzed by a T-Test method, and different capital letters show that the difference is significant at a 0.05 level.
FIG. 2 shows a photograph of the lower stem hairy root.
FIG. 3 shows the effect of different rooting agent treatments (indoleacetic acid IAA, indolebutyric acid IBA) on ipecac cutting; data significance was analyzed using Duncan's new double range test (DMRT), with different capital letters and different lower case letters indicating significant difference at the 0.05 level.
FIG. 4 shows a ipecac plant propagated by rooting, wherein A is an annual plant and B is a biennial plant.
FIG. 5 shows the annual growth dynamics of aerial parts of ipecac plants;
wherein, FIGS. 5A, 5B, 5C and 5D show the growth conditions of the root diameter, plant height, leaf length and leaf width of the iped in 2017-2018.
FIG. 6 is a photograph showing ipecac cultivation;
wherein, FIG. 6A shows the growth of ipecac and FIG. 6B shows ipecac.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
The test material Brazilian ipecac used in the examples of the present invention was introduced from MatoGroso, and identified as Brazilian ipecacacha (Brot.) A.rich by the Ministry of medicinal plants, institute of Chinese academy of medicine, and planted in the Yunnan nursery, institute of medicinal plants, institute of Chinese academy of medicine.
The origin is as follows: the state of martogoroso (Mato Grosso) Brazil, an inland state in the middle of Brazil (15 ° 39'00 "S, 056 ° 07' 03" W), has a wide variety of climates, is prevalent in tropical monsoon, has a lot of rainfall in summer and is dry in winter, and is a dry season in 5 to 9 months.
EXAMPLE 1 Effect of different culture media on growth of emetic roots
Selecting Brazilian ipecac seedlings with consistent growth, planting the seedlings by adopting different substrates, and respectively setting 2 treatments of a substrate A (humus soil: coconut husk volume ratio of 4: 1) and a substrate B (sandy soil) in the test. Each 15 plants were treated and the consistent management conditions such as water and fertilizer were maintained. After 1 year, the root length is measured by using a ruler, the root thickness (maximum diameter) growth index is measured by using a vernier caliper, and the number of roots and the total root volume are counted. Wherein, the root volume is 3.14 × (root thickness/2)2X root length, the total root volume is the sum of the root volumes of the individual plants.
As shown in figure 1, the influence difference of the matrix A (humus soil: coconut coir is 4: 1) and the matrix B (sandy soil) on the number of roots is not obvious, but the volume of the roots of the matrix A is obviously larger than that of the matrix B, so that the matrix A is more beneficial to the growth of ipecac roots.
Further, humus soil is set: the volume ratio of the coconut chaff is 4: 0. 4: 1. 4: 2. 4: 3. 4: 4 five experiments, wherein 4: the growth of the roots of the Brazilian ipecac seedlings in the 1 group is obviously superior to that of other groups, and the humus soil and the coconut coir can provide nutrition suitable for the growth of the root of ipecac in a specific ratio and have appropriate air permeability and water retention effects.
Example 2 Effect of different parts of cuttage on the survival rate of ipecac
Selecting ipecac plants with consistent growth vigor, respectively taking leaves, upper stem segments, lower stem segments and root division for ipecac propagation, and setting a ipecac seed rooting propagation group:
1. picking leaves, wherein the leaf length is 12.3 +/-0.2 cm, and the leaf width is 7.2 +/-0.2 cm; planting in root control devices filled with culture medium (humus soil: coconut chaff 4: 1), wherein 1 piece of root control device is planted; when in planting, the leaf apex is upward, half of the leaf length is vertically inserted into a cultivation medium with the thickness of 20cm, compacted, watered, placed in a greenhouse covered by a plastic film, and kept in a state that the film is opened at night in the daytime to be used as a treatment group 1;
2. cutting the stem into an upper section and a lower section by using a branch shear, wherein the stem length of the upper section of the stem is 6.6 +/-0.7 cm, and the stem thickness is 2.06 +/-0.62 mm; planting in root control devices filled with culture medium (humus soil: coconut chaff 4: 1), wherein 1 plant is planted in each root control device; when planting, axillary buds are upward, half length of the upper stem section is vertically inserted into a culture medium with the thickness of 20cm, compacted, watered, placed in a greenhouse covered by a plastic film, and kept in a state that the film is opened at night in the daytime to be used as a treatment group 2;
3. the stem length of the lower stem section is 7.5 +/-1.1 cm, and the stem thickness is 2.59 +/-0.15 mm; planting in root control devices filled with culture medium (humus soil: coconut chaff 4: 1), wherein 1 plant is planted in each root control device; when planting, axillary buds are upward, half length of the lower part of the stem is vertically inserted into a culture medium with the thickness of 20cm, compacted, watered, placed in a greenhouse covered by a plastic film, and kept in a state that the film is opened at night in the daytime to be used as a treatment group 3;
4. selecting strong root strips of Brazilian ipecac, wherein the root length is 9.0-12.0cm, and the root thickness is 5.00-7.00 mm; planting the seed roots in root control devices filled with culture mediums (humus soil: coconut chaff is 4: 1), and planting 1 plant in each root control device; when planting, the root head is upward, the planting root is vertically inserted, the planting root is covered by the culture medium (the thickness of the culture medium in the root controller is 20cm), compacted and watered, the plant is placed in a greenhouse covered by a plastic film, and the film is kept in a state of being opened in the daytime at night to be used as a processing group 4;
5. selecting mature and full seeds, sowing on a prepared culture medium (humus soil: coconut chaff is 4: 1), covering the culture medium, planting 20-25 seeds in each root controller (the thickness of the culture medium in each root controller is 20cm), compacting, watering in the morning and evening, placing in a greenhouse covered with a plastic film, and keeping the film covered at night and in an open state in the daytime to serve as a treatment group 5;
the root controllers are all polyethylene root controllers with the diameter of 60cm and the height of 30 cm.
Each treatment group is provided with 15 parallels, the temperature in the environment is controlled to be 20-32 ℃, the humidity is 65-85%, the consistent water and fertilizer management conditions are kept, the rooting condition is observed after 2 months, the rooting rate is counted, and the survival rate of each treatment is counted at the later growth stage.
As can be seen from Table 1, when the root-dividing material is used as the cutting material, the rooting rate and the survival rate both reach 100.0 percent; the lower stem segment is used as a cutting material, and the rooting rate and the survival rate are respectively 68.0 percent and 75.0 percent; when the leaves and the upper stem sections are used, the rooting rate and the survival rate are both 0. Therefore, the root division and the lower stem segment of ipecac can be used for cutting propagation.
TABLE 1 influence of different parts of cuttage on the survival rate of ipecac
Note: and + + indicates more hair roots and + less hair roots.
While the above experiment was performed, comparative breeding tests were performed on the lower stem segments and the upper stem segments of different specifications, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 influence of the length and thickness of the stems on the reproductive survival of ipecac
Note: check-up indicates survival, and x indicates non-survival.
Example 3 Effect of different rooting agent treatments on cuttage
Selecting plants with consistent growth vigor, cutting plant stems into upper and lower sections by using branches, taking the lower sections of the stems with the stem length of more than or equal to 5.8cm and the stem thickness of more than or equal to 2.41mm for cuttage, wherein the planting process is basically the same as that of the treatment group 3 in the embodiment 2, and the difference is that the lower sections of the stems are treated by using a rooting agent before planting; 2 treatment groups of indoleacetic acid IAA (IAA20 mg/L for 1 hour of treatment), indolebutyric acid IBA (IBA20 mg/L for 1 hour of treatment) and 1 control group (water for 1 hour) are arranged together, 15 treatment groups are arranged in parallel, the temperature in the environment is controlled to be 20-32 ℃, the humidity is controlled to be 65-85%, consistent water and fertilizer management conditions are kept, rooting conditions are observed after 2 months, the rooting rate is counted, and the survival rate of each treatment is counted in the later growth period.
FIG. 2 is a photograph of lower stem rooting; FIG. 3 shows the effect of different rooting agent treatments (IAA and IBA) on ipecac cutting, and the cutting rooting rate and survival rate of the lower stem segment are significantly higher than those of the control group after soaking treatment by IAA and IBA. Wherein, IAA20 mg.L-1Soaking for 1h, and the survival rate is 90.0%; IBA20 mg. L-1Soaking for 1h, and the survival rate is 88.0 percent; statistical analysis displayThe difference between the two is not obvious, which shows that the cutting effects of IAA and IBA are equivalent, and both can be used for cutting propagation of the lower section of the vomit rhizome.
Example 4 determination of major appearance quality index of ipecac root-dividing propagation
Selecting robust root strips with diameter of 3.0-4.0mm and length of 5.0-7.0cm as seed roots for root division propagation, planting according to the method of treatment group 4 in example 2, controlling the temperature at 20-32 deg.C and humidity at 65-85%, watering for 1 time every 2 days, and watering for 4 pm; the compound fertilizer is used, 100mL of 1.0% fertilizer water is prepared per plant, and the compound fertilizer is applied once every 2 months in the seedling stage. Measuring growth indexes such as plant height, root length, root thickness and root number for 1 time every 1 year, measuring 20 plants in total, and respectively calculating the root volume and the total volume of the rooting 1 year and the rooting 2 year.
As can be seen from table 3 and fig. 4, the overall appearance of the brazilian ipecac is as follows:
the average height of 1-year-old plant with ipecac is 10.7cm, the average height of 2-year-old plant is 16.6cm, and the plant is in a continuous growth state. The root is columnar, branched, and has extremely fine longitudinal wrinkles and elliptical paralysis marks on the surface. The average root length of 1 year old plants is 11.0cm, the average root thickness is 5.32mm, and the total root volume is 2.71 mL; the root length is 14.4cm on average, the root thickness is 9.92mm on average, and the total root volume is 3.54 mL. The root color can be gray, grayish brown or reddish brown; the reddish brown ones tend to have laterally encircling ridges which are 0.50-1.00mm wide and about half the root circumference, with 1-6 ridges per cm of root, and sometimes rings distributed with irregular gaps being visible. Therefore, the prior art adopts the divided root to plant and medicinal materials with better appearance characters, and the total root volume of a single plant is higher, thus being suitable for popularization and cultivation.
TABLE 3 determination of the main appearance quality index of ipecac root-dividing propagation
Note: data in the table are mean ± sem.
Example 5 determination of the Main appearance quality index of ipecac seedlings
And selecting the Brazilian ipecac seedlings which are propagated in a root division way and have consistent growth vigor to be cultivated and managed in a plastic film covered greenhouse. The test site is located in the autonomous state of the city of Jinghong of the Dai nationality of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan province (22 degrees 01 'N, 100 degrees 79' E). The Jinghong city is located between the lansanjiang river and the quicksand river, has flat terrain, an area of 77 square kilometers, belongs to tropical humid monsoon climate types, has the characteristics of low-latitude mountain monsoon climate, is well-divided in dry and wet seasons (dry seasons are 11 months to 4 months in the next year and wet seasons are 5 months to 10 months), has an average annual air temperature of 22.6 ℃, has an average annual rainfall of 1136.6mm, has an average annual sunshine of 2171.5h, and has little cold in calm wind and no frost. During the annual minimum temperature months (12 months to 2 months of the following year in siemens), the film is kept open at night covering the day.
1 plant is planted in each root controller, and the culture medium uses humus soil: coconut coir (4: 1), watering for 1 time every 2 days, wherein the watering time is 4 o' clock in the afternoon except in rainy days; the compound fertilizer is used, 100mL of 1.0% fertilizer water is prepared per plant, and the compound fertilizer is applied once every 2 months in the seedling stage. The test starts from 1 month in 2017, the test is continuously observed for 2 years, the test is carried out for 1 time every 2 months, 20 plants are measured in total, and the data of the ground diameter, the plant height, the leaf length and the leaf width of the ipecac are counted respectively.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the ground diameter and the plant height of the Brazilian emetic root seedling are increased along with the time course of the year, wherein the increase of the ground diameter is obvious in 1-3 months and 9-11 months; the plant height continuously increases along with the annual time course, and the obviously increased month is 7-11 months; the leaf length and width increase significantly during months 3-9, and growth substantially stopped after month 9.
The embodiments described above are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for cultivating Brazilian ipecac is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing the lower stem segment or seed root of Brazilian ipecac:
the lower section of the stem is the lower section part of a plant stem with Brazilian ipecac root which is cut into an upper section and a lower section, and a rooting agent is used for processing before planting;
selecting Brazilian ipecac which is disease-free and strong in root;
(2) planting:
planting the lower stem segment or the seed root in a culture medium;
the culture medium comprises humus soil and coconut chaff, and the volume ratio of the humus soil to the coconut chaff is (3-5): 1;
(3) and (3) managing after planting:
the temperature in the environment is controlled to be 20-32 ℃, and the humidity is controlled to be 65-85%.
2. The method of cultivating Brazilian ipecac according to claim 1,
in the step (1)
The stem length of the lower section of the stem is more than or equal to 5.8cm, and the stem thickness is more than or equal to 2.41 mm;
the length of the seed root is more than or equal to 5.0cm, and the diameter is more than or equal to 3.00 mm.
3. The method of cultivating Brazilian ipecac according to claim 2,
in the step (1)
The stem length of the lower section of the stem is 7.5 +/-1.1 cm, and the stem thickness is 2.59 +/-0.15 mm;
the length of the seed root is 5.0-14.0cm, and the diameter is 3.00-7.00 mm.
4. The method of cultivating Brazilian ipecac according to claim 1,
the rooting agent used before planting in the step (1) is as follows:
the lower stem section was treated with 15-25mg/L IAA or 15-25mg/L IBA for 1 h.
5. The method of cultivating Brazilian ipecac according to claim 1,
the planting process of the lower stem section in the step (2) is as follows:
planting the lower stem sections treated by the rooting agent in the step (1) in root control devices filled with the culture medium, wherein 1 plant is planted in each root control device, and the filling thickness of the culture medium in each root control device is 20-30 cm;
when planting, axillary buds are upward, half length of the lower stem section is vertically inserted into the culture medium, compacted and watered.
6. The method of cultivating Brazilian ipecac according to claim 1,
the planting process of the seed roots in the step (2) is as follows:
planting the seed roots in root control devices filled with the culture medium, wherein 1 plant is planted in each root control device, and the filling thickness of the culture medium in each root control device is 20-30 cm;
during planting, the root head is upward, the planting root is vertically inserted, the planting root is covered by the culture medium, and the planting root is compacted and watered.
7. The method of cultivating Brazilian ipecac according to claim 5 or 6,
and (3) after watering, placing the film in a greenhouse covered by a plastic film, and keeping the film in an open state at night and in the daytime in the month of the lowest temperature every year.
8. The method of cultivating Brazilian ipecac according to claim 5 or 6,
the diameter of the root control device base plate is 60cm, and the height of the root control device base plate is 30 cm.
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