CN108142126A - A kind of cuttage and seedling culture method of heavy water camphor tree - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of cuttage and seedling culture methods of heavy water camphor tree, mainly include fringe bar processing, slotting machine processing and seedbed management.Wherein, fringe bar processing relate generally to the clip position of fringe bar, fringe bar diameter grade, cuttings length, fringe bar base portion type of incision, fringe bar rooting treatment etc.；Slotting machine processing relates generally to slotting machine processing after the slotting machine disinfection before the selection of slotting machine matrix, cuttage, cuttage mode, cuttage etc..Implement by the method for the present invention, for the cuttings survival rate of heavy water camphor tree up to 87%, more existing conventional method improves 74%.

Description

A kind of cutting seedling raising method of Shenshui camphor

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and in particular relates to a method for raising seedlings by cuttings of submerged camphor.

Background technique

Shenshui camphor is a precious broad-leaved tree species of the genus Cinnamomum lauraceae. It is named because the camphor oil contained in its leaves is heavier than water. Shenshui camphor is the fast-growing economic tree species with the highest oil content in the Lauraceae plant in my country, and it is also an intermittently distributed species in mainland China and Taiwan. Its wood fiber is long, it is an excellent raw material for papermaking, and its stem and root can extract camphor and camphor oil, which is widely used in medicine and chemical industry. It is also an excellent tree species for water conservation and landscaping. Class III key protected plants. However, it is very limited to obtain seedlings of Cinnamomum camphora through sexual reproduction, which cannot provide enough seedlings for Cinnamomum camphora plantation, which greatly limits the scale of Cinnamomum camphora plantation, and the development cycle of Cinnamomum camphora seeds is long and the seed yield is low , poor quality, many diseases and insect pests, the empty shell rate after fruit ripening is as high as 75%, and the seeds are oily, short-lived, difficult to store, and low in germination rate. Therefore, the establishment of the cutting seedling raising technology system of C. camphora is of great significance for cultivating a large number of high-quality C. camphora seedlings and expanding the population scale of C. camphora.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a method for raising seedlings by cuttings of Cinnamomum camphora, which has convenient source of raw materials and low cost, and can obviously increase the rooting rate of cuttings.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A method for growing seedlings by cuttings of camphoria chinensis, which includes treatment of spikes, treatment of transplanting beds and management of seedbeds;

The scion treatment is to select the semi-lignified green branches of the upper part of the crown that are healthy, basically free of diseases and insect pests, and have normal leaf color, leave half a leaf, and leave at least 1-2 axillary buds on the upper end; Carry out cutting, that is, the back buds at the base and the front buds are obliquely cut 0.5 to 1.0 cm long, and the diameter of the obtained spikes is 0.4 to 0.6 cm, and the length is 6.0 to 10.0 cm; bundle 50 cut spikes Make a handful, align the bases, soak the bases of the cuttings in 100 mg/L rooting powder ABT-1 for 6 hours, and prepare for cuttings;

The slotting treatment is to spread 15-20 cm thick slotting matrix peat soil on a slotting bed with a width of 1 m and a length of 10 m; sterilize the slotting bed matrix with 400-800 g/mu of Jingtudan and cover it 5 days before cutting Film, open the film after 3 days, turn the substrate, and then level the bed substrate 1 day before cutting, and drench with water; when cutting, set the row spacing of 10 cm×10 cm, and insert the lower cut of each spike into the soil vertically , the cutting depth is 1/3-1/2 of the length of the cuttings, and the upper end of the cuttings is more than 3cm higher than the soil surface; after cutting, compact the bed substrate to make the cuttings and the substrate closely connected, and immediately spray water until the soil is fully moist, that is seedbed;

The seedbed management includes temperature and humidity control, water management, light control, fertilization, and pest control; the temperature and humidity control is to use small moso bamboo sheets with a width of 2 cm and a length of 22 cm to build a small semicircular shed with a radius of 50 cm , Cover the small arched shed with a transparent agricultural plastic film, and press the film around with soil to control the soil humidity in the shed to 30%, the relative air humidity to more than 80%, and the temperature to 25-30°C (when the temperature is too high, you can open the two sides of the seedbed. cover film for ventilation and cooling, or spray water on the film to cool down); the water management adopts artificial intermittent spraying method, based on the water drops hanging in the transparent plastic cover film and the leaf surface is wet; the light control is in Build a sunshade with a height of 1.8-2.0 m above the arch shed for shading. The shading rate is 75%, so as not to damage the cuttings by strong light and affect rooting. When the cuttings take root and grow 3-4 leaves, the agricultural plastic Thin film is removed, after entering November at the same time, because light intensity weakens, also should remove shading net, increase seedling light; Described fertilization is after cuttingtage takes root, applies 0.8wt% calcium superphosphate solution or 0.1wt per week % urea solution 1 time; the pest control is to use 0.2wt% carbendazim or thiophanate solution spraying to prevent mold and root rot.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

(1) Compared with hard branches, shoots have wide cambium cells, strong meristematic ability, and can easily differentiate into cortical root primordia and healing root primordia under suitable conditions, thereby forming new roots. At the same time, the shoots have high water content, high carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, and strong peroxidase activity, so the rooting rate of cuttings using semi-lignified green branches as cuttings is the highest.

(2) When cutting the cuttings, take half a leaf, which is conducive to photosynthesis, so as to provide the cuttings with rooting promoting substances such as growth hormone and a small amount of nutrients. However, if there are too many leaves and a large amount of evaporation, the nutrients of the cuttings themselves will be consumed, which will affect the survival and rooting of the cuttings. It has been verified by many experiments that the survival rate of the cuttings with half a leaf is the highest.

(3) The rooting rate of cuttings with a diameter of 0.4-0.6 cm is higher. As the stem thickness becomes larger, the degree of lignification is too high, which affects the rooting of cuttings; the stem thickness is too small, and the cuttings will consume internal However, the new leaves did not unfold in time, so adventitious roots could not grow, and the survival rate was low.

(4) Exogenous hormones can promote the rooting of cuttings to a certain extent, can promote the redistribution of nutrients inside the cuttings, increase the sugar content at the base of the cuttings, make the lower cut become the absorption center of cuttings nutrients, and effectively increase the enzyme activity. Stimulates the division of cambium cells and promotes cell elongation. According to the experimental research, the rooting effect of 100 mg/L rooting powder ABT-1 soaked for 6 h after cutting the cuttings is the best.

(5) Yellow heart soil or river sand is usually used as the substrate for the cutting seedlings of Shenshui camphor. However, the yellow heart soil is more viscous after watering, the soil contains too much water, is airtight, and is easy to harden. At the same time, it is easy to breed mold, which often causes cuttings to rot and affects cuttings. Survival rate; river sand particles are fine and breathable, but the water retention performance is poor, and it cannot provide enough nutrients for cuttings to root, which also affects the survival rate of cuttings. The peat soil has better water retention capacity and ventilation capacity. In the slotting treatment method, peat soil is selected as the slotting substrate, which can quickly root the cuttings, and this type of substrate is loose in texture, rich in organic matter and rich in nutrients, which is beneficial to submerged camphor. Spike roots and shoot growth.

(6) The traditional cutting method of Shenshui camphor has a low survival rate of cuttings, generally around 50%. And adopt the method of the present invention to implement, the cuttings survival rate of Shenshui camphor can reach 87%, and its cuttings survival rate obviously improves.

Detailed ways

In order to make the content of the present invention easier to understand, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example

The mother tree used for the cutting of Shenshuizhang is the 6-year-old Shenshuizhang in the back mountain of the Forestry Extension Center of Jian'ou City, Fujian Province. The ABT-1 rooting powder used was provided by the Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences.

The treatment method of spikes is as follows: select the semi-lignified green branches that grow vigorously on the upper part of the canopy, basically have no damage by diseases and insect pests, and have normal leaf color, keep half of the leaves, and leave at least 1-2 axillary buds on the top. Adopt the method of double pruning, cut the spikes with a diameter of 0.4-0.6 cm and a length of 6.0-10.0 cm, and make oblique cuts of 0.5-1.0 cm in length at the base of the back bud and front bud surface of the lower incision at the base of the spike. After the clipping is completed, 50 cuttings are used as a group and tied into a pair with rubber bands. The bases are aligned, and the bases of the bundled cuttings are immersed in 100 mg/L rooting powder ABT-1 for 6 h. For cutting use.

The treatment method of the cutting bed for cutting cuttings is as follows: a 15-20 cm thick slotting matrix is laid on a 1 m wide and 10 m long slotting bed, and peat soil is selected as the slotting matrix. 5 days before cutting, use 400-800 g/mu to sterilize the cutting bed matrix with Jingtu Dan and cover it with a film. After 3 days, open the film and turn the matrix. 1 day before cutting, level the bed matrix and drench it with water. When cutting, use a wooden stick with a diameter of about 0.5 cm to insert holes on the peat soil substrate according to the row spacing of 10 cm×10 cm, and insert the lower cut of each cutting into the soil vertically, and the cutting depth is about 1 of the length of the cutting. /3-1/2, the top of the cuttings is more than 3cm away from the soil surface. After inserting, compact it so that the cuttings are in close contact with the substrate, and immediately spray water until the soil is fully moist to obtain a seedbed.

After the cuttings are completed, the seedbed management method is as follows: use small moso bamboo pieces with a width of 2 cm and a length of 22 cm to build a semicircular small arch shed with a radius of about 50 cm, cover the small arch shed with a transparent agricultural plastic film, and press the film around with soil. To control the humidity and temperature in the small arch shed, the soil humidity in the shed is about 30%, the relative humidity of the air humidity is above 80%, and the temperature is 25-30°C (when the temperature is too high, you can open the cover film at both ends of the seedbed to ventilate and cool down. Spray water on the film to cool down). Water management adopts the artificial intermittent spraying method, and the water droplets hanging in the transparent plastic cover film and the leaf surface of the cuttings are wet. Build a sunshade with a height of 1.8-2.0 m above the arch shed for shading. The shading rate is 75%, so as not to damage the cuttings by strong light and affect rooting (when the cuttings take root and grow 3-4 leaves, they can be planted in time. Remove the plastic film, and at the same time after entering November, due to the weakening of light intensity, the shading net should also be removed to increase the light of seedlings). After the cuttings take root, 0.8% superphosphate solution or 0.1% urea solution can be applied once a week; pest control can be sprayed with 0.2% carbendazim or thiophanate solution to prevent mold and root rot.

Comparative example 1 Effect of different cutting treatments on the survival rate of cuttings of Cinnamomum camphora

The L ₈ (4 ² ) orthogonal test design was used to carry out the experiment. The cutting position of factor 1: the sprouting branches in the upper part of the tree crown, and the old branches in the middle and lower part of the tree crown; the cutting length of factor 2: 6-10 cm, 10-14 cm; Factor 3 Cutting type at the base of the cuttings: single-cut cutting (0.5-1.0 cm long on the back bud surface at the base), double-cut cutting (0.5-1.0 cm long on the back bud surface and the front bud surface at the base); Factor four Cutting diameter grades: 0.2-0.4 cm, 0.4-0.6 cm. Bundle of 50 cuttings, align the bases of the cuttings, put them into 100 mg/L rooting powder ABT-1 ^# and soak for 16 hours, and the cutting substrate is peat soil. Other processing methods are consistent with those in the examples. See Table 1 for the effects of different cutting treatments on the survival rate of camphor cuttings.

Table 1 Effects of different cutting treatments on the survival rate of cuttings of camphor camphora

It can be seen from Table 1 that the combination with the highest survival rate of the cuttings of Cinnamomum camphora is treatment 1, that is, cut the sprouted branches of the year from the upper part of the canopy, select the cuttings with a diameter of 0.4-0.6 cm, cut the length of the cuttings to 6-10 cm, and cut them. The incision at the base of the spikes is double cut. The survival rate of cuttings of camphor camphora cuttings after treatment of this combination reached 78%, which was significantly higher than other treatment combinations.

Comparative example 2 Effects of different rooting agents on the survival rate of the cuttings of Cinnamomum camphora

The L ₉ (3 ³ ) orthogonal test design was used to carry out the experiment, the factor of rooting agent type: rooting powder ABT-1, indole butyric acid IBA, cytokinin NAA; factor two rooting agent concentration: 100 mg·L ^-1 , 500 mg·L ^-1 , 1000 mg·L ^-1 ; soaking time of cuttings: 6 h, 16 h, rooting film (hormone hydrogel rooting film, slow release). Soak in water for 6 hours as the control treatment, a total of 10 treatments. Cut the semi-lignified green branches from the upper part of the crown of the tree, keep half a leaf, and leave at least 1-2 axillary buds at the upper end of the cuttings; double-cut the lower incision at the base of the cuttings; the diameter of the cuttings is 0.4 to 0.6 cm, and the length 6-10 cm; the cutting substrate is peat soil. Other processing methods are consistent with those in the examples. See Table 2 for the survival rate of the cuttings of Cinnamomum camphora after different root-promoting agents.

Table 2 Effects of different rooting agents on the survival rate of the cuttings of Cinnamomum camphora

As can be seen from Table 2, the rooting powder ABT in the rooting agent type has a better rooting effect relative to IBA and NAA, and the spike survival rate using ABT as the rooting agent reaches more than 67%, and the survival rate of IBA and NAA treatment is lower than 60%. Some treatment combinations were even lower than the clean water control treatment. It can be seen that the rooting powder ABT is the optimal rooting agent for the cuttings of Cinnamomum camphora. Among them, the treatment combination with concentration of 100 mg·L ^-1 and soaking time of 6 h was the best, and the survival rate of cuttings reached 87%.

Comparative Example 3 Effects of Different Transplanting Substrates on the Survival Rate of Cinnamomum camphora Cuttings

Experiments were carried out on the currently commonly used cultivation substrates for forest tree cutting seedlings, river sand, vermiculite, yellow core soil, peat soil and compound soil (river sand:humus soil=3:1). Cut the semi-lignified green branches from the upper part of the crown of the tree, keep half of the leaves, and leave at least 1-2 axillary buds at the upper end of the cuttings; double-cut the lower incision at the base of the cuttings; the diameter of the cuttings is 0.4 to 0.6 cm, and the length 6-10 cm. Align the base of the cuttings and put them into 100 mg/L rooting powder ABT-1 and soak for 6 h. Other processing methods are consistent with those in the examples. Table 3 shows the effect of different inserting substrates on the survival rate of camphor cuttings.

Table 3 Effects of different types of inserting substrates on the survival rate of the cuttings of Cinnamomum camphora

It can be seen from Table 3 that among the different inserting substrates, peat soil as the substrate has the highest survival rate of cuttings, reaching 79%. This may be because the peat soil substrate has good water retention capacity and aeration capacity, which can quickly root the cuttings, and this kind of substrate is loose in texture, rich in organic matter and rich in nutrients, which is conducive to the growth of roots and new shoots of submerged camphor. , can be used as the preferred substrate for cuttings of camphor camphora.

Through the data analysis of the above three comparative examples, it can be seen that the optimal combination of cutting treatment for the cutting seedlings of Shenshui camphor is as follows: select the branches that germinated in the upper part of the crown in the same year, and cut the spikes with a diameter of 0.4-0.6 cm and a length of 6-10 cm , when cutting, the incision at the base of the spike is double-cut. The optimal combination of rooting agent treatment is: choose rooting powder ABT, the concentration is 100 mg·L ^-1 , soaking time is 6 h. In addition, peat soil is the preferred substrate for submerged camphor cutting among different inserting substrates.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the patent application of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. a cuttage seedling raising method of submerged camphor camphor, comprising ear bar treatment, inserting bed treatment and seedbed management, it is characterized in that: described ear bar treatment is to select the semi-woody tree that is born in the same year at the top of the tree crown, robust, free of diseases and insect pests, and leaf color is normal. Turn green branches, keep half a leaf, and leave at least 1-2 axillary buds on the upper end; cut at the base by double pruning, and the obtained spikes will have a diameter of 0.4 to 0.6 cm and a length of 6.0 to 10.0 cm; then Bundle 50 cuttings into a handful, align the bases, and soak the base of the cuttings in 100 mg/L rooting powder ABT-1 for 6 h; The slotting treatment is to lay a 15-20 cm thick slotting matrix on the slotting bed; sterilize the slotting matrix with 400-800 g/mu of Jingtudan 5 days before the cutting and cover it with a film, open the film after 3 days, turn the matrix, Then, 1 day before the cutting, the substrate of the cutting bed was leveled and drenched with water; when cutting, the row spacing between plants was set to 10 cm×10 cm, and the lower cut of each cutting was vertically inserted into the soil, and the cutting depth was 1/2 of the length of the cutting. 3-1/2, the upper end of the cuttings is more than 3cm above the soil surface; after inserting, compact the bed matrix, and immediately spray water until the soil is fully moist, which is the seedbed. 2. The method for raising seedlings by cuttings of camphor camphora according to claim 1, characterized in that: the slotting bed used in the slotting process is 1 m wide and 10 m long. 3 . The method for growing seedlings by cuttings of camphoria sativa according to claim 1 , characterized in that: the bed matrix used in the bed treatment is peat soil. 4 .