CN108617463A - A kind of method of the overhead substrate culture interplanting tomato of strawberry - Google Patents
A kind of method of the overhead substrate culture interplanting tomato of strawberry Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108617463A CN108617463A CN201810287866.3A CN201810287866A CN108617463A CN 108617463 A CN108617463 A CN 108617463A CN 201810287866 A CN201810287866 A CN 201810287866A CN 108617463 A CN108617463 A CN 108617463A
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- Prior art keywords
- strawberry
- tomato
- substrate culture
- overhead
- interplanting
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention discloses the methods that tomato is interplanted in a kind of overhead substrate culture of strawberry, comprise the steps of：(1) the overhead substrate culture frame of strawberry is built；The cultivating stand includes cultivation bed and fixed frame；(2) matrix is mixed thoroughly with fertilizer, is put into the cultivation bed of the overhead substrate culture frame of the strawberry built in step (1), carry out cultivation management；(3) strawberry field planting is carried out mid-August to mid-September；(4) in late Febuary to early March, the tomato seedling of 78 true leaves is colonized among cultivation bed；(5) mid or late April removes strawberry, and general planting management is carried out to the tomato of high-level cultivating.The present invention is made full use of existing resource, is improved grower's planting benefit using the high-efficient planting patterns of the overhead substrate culture interplanting tomato of strawberry.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to soilless culture method, more particularly to the method for a kind of overhead substrate culture interplanting tomato of strawberry.
Background technology
Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) is the main species in China's facilities horticulture, with other type phases
Than strawberry facility cultivation has the characteristics that the short period, quick, high efficiency, the collecting period is long, quality is good.But it is main in current production
Will be based on common greenhouse Protectorate cultivation, strawberry is directly transplanted on the soil of ridging, is colonized from rice shoot to fruit harvesting all
Artificial operation with one's back bent is needed, labor intensity is big, and a labour at most two mu of ground of management limit the cultivation rule of peasant household
Mould.And long-term soil continuous cropping be easy to cause accumulation and the soil salinization of various pathogens, and the soil-borne disease of generation is seriously made
The about yield and quality of strawberry, influences economic benefit.In recent years, being continuously increased with agricultural facility, leisure agriculture it is quick
Development, the overhead soilless culture of strawberry are just gradually being risen as strawberry production with recreational tourism important model.And with China's agricultural
Being on the rise of aging of population, the continuous improvement of production cost and labour it is increasingly in short supply, strawberry is overhead at present plants without soil
Training has become the preferred agricultural projects of rural development rural tourism.
The overhead substrate culture of strawberry can improve labour posture, reduce labor intensity, and realization saves Labor-saving cultivation and can
Overcome continuous cropping obstacle, realizes cleanly production, but due to input cost of the facilities and equipment of the overhead substrate culture of strawberry
Higher, the common cultivation matrix input cost such as peat, perlite, vermiculite is higher so that the universal hair of the overhead substrate culture of strawberry
Exhibition is subject to certain restrictions.In addition, strawberry as winter fruits in season in January to higher price in March, planting benefit is preferable,
But arrived 4-5 month greenhouse strawberries and be gradually reduced with the rising quality of temperature, price is relatively low, adds other fruits in season
Listing, so that strawberry benefit is continuously decreased.Therefore, how to increase on the basis of existing strawberry overhead soilless culture system
Add multiple crop index, improve canopy room and the utilization ratio of cultivation matrix, improve greenhouse grown per area benefit, is to solve strawberry height
Frame substrate culture is popularized and the critical issue of development.
Invention content
Goal of the invention：To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a kind of the efficient of the overhead substrate culture interplanting tomato of strawberry
Cropping pattern makes full use of existing resource, improves grower's planting benefit.
Technical solution：A kind of method of the overhead substrate culture interplanting tomato of strawberry of the present invention, comprises the steps of：
(1) the overhead substrate culture frame of strawberry is built；The cultivating stand includes cultivation bed and fixed frame；It is used in the present invention
The structure of overhead substrate culture frame is studying strawberry high-level cultivating as shown in Figure 1, the overhead substrate culture frame of the strawberry is applicant
A kind of special plantation frame provided when technology (application No. is 201410475636.1).The cultivating stand built is according to practical plantation
Ground selects south-north direction, cultivating stand high 85cm, wide row space 70cm, cultivation bed high 30cm, upper mouth width 30cm, entire overhead matrix
Cultivating stand length is in 60-80m.
(2) strawberry cultivation substrate is prepared, is put into the cultivation bed of the overhead substrate culture frame of the strawberry built in step (1),
Then fertilizer is added, mixes thoroughly, carries out cultivation management；The conventional cultivation management of the cultivation management and overhead strawberry that are used in the present invention
It is identical.
(3) late August to early September carries out strawberry field planting；Strawberry will ensure that strawberry field planting depth is " deep not bury when being colonized
The heart, shallow not crab rooting ".
In order to reach best planting effect, it is 18-25cm, line-spacing 20cm that the strawberry field planting, which is strawberry spacing in the rows,.Strain
It can be determined according to the difference of strawberry cultivars away from specific size.Further, the strawberry field planting is that the strawberry back of a bow is located at
The outside of cultivation bed.
(4) in late Febuary to early March, the tomato seedling of 7-8 piece true leaves is colonized among cultivation bed, i.e. two row strawberries
It is intermediate.
(5) mid or late April removes strawberry, when tomato 3-4 Honokas bear fruit completion to kind of high-level cultivating
Eggplant carries out general planting management within the entire production cycle, this process only pours clear water, do not apply fertilizer additionally.Strawberry is removed at this time
The reason is that strawberry fruit quality is begun to decline, without too big commodity value.
In step (2), above-mentioned fertilizer is organic fertilizer and calcium magnesium phosphate, and addition is that 3- is added in every cubic metre of matrix
5kg bio-bacterial manures and 1-2kg calcium magnesium phosphate are added after being mixed with bio-bacterial manure and calcium magnesium phosphate matrix in cultivation bed, pour and reveal the exact details
Water makes matrix water suction saturation state；The strawberry cultivation substrate is peat：Perlite：Vermiculite mass ratio is 4-6:0.5-1:
0.5-1。
In step (4), it is 30-50cm that tomato seedling, which is colonized spacing in the rows, in order to enable have better growing space after tomato transplanting,
In tomato transplantation of seedlings, removal is located at the old leaf of strawberry around tomato seedling.
In step (5), the Cultivate administration comprises the steps of：(1) it is planted using " people " font small bamboo on cultivation bed
It trains frame and watchman's wooden clapper branch, training is carried out to tomato；(2) mid-May pinches tomato when tomato 3-4 arranges fruit gingko, above the fruit of top
3-4 piece leaves are stayed, in conjunction with training, remove tomato base portion old leaf, 3-4 fruit is stayed per Honoka；(3) it picks, uproot plants after their edible portions have been harvested, greenhouse disinfection.
Further, the pruning method is Netted melon.
Above-mentioned picking can be to start tomato picking successively 5 month the first tenday period of a month, tomato plucking time is 1 according to actual conditions
A month or so, mid or late June carried out tomato and uproots plants after their edible portions have been harvested, matrix and greenhouse high-temperature sterilization.The entire growth cycle of tomato, without increasing
Additional fertilizer only need to carry out clear water trickle irrigation, the growth of tomato can be completed just with the nutrient of strawberry cultivation substrate.
Advantageous effect：(1) present invention can make full use of the facility space of greenhouse, improve the multiple crop index in greenhouse, improve
Overhead strawberry greenhouse utilization rate, management is simple and convenient, technology maturation is reliable；(2) utilization rate for improving cultivation matrix and fertilizer, has
Effect reduces the salt content of coming year matrix, can increase production and improve productivity, and improves planting benefit, improves peasant to overhead matrix strawberry cultivating
Enthusiasm；(3) extending fruit plucking time gives full play to the development of sightseeing tour；(4) additional substrate, chemical fertilizer, pesticide are not necessarily to
Investment, you can increase the benefit of ten thousand yuan/mu of 1.5-2；(5) mitigate tomato planting labor intensity, ahead of time early spring tomato Time To Market；
It realizes the low-carbon of early spring tomato, efficiently produce；(6) interplanting of strawberry and tomato utilizes the screening of tomato growth mid-term tomato leaf
Shady cooling effect improves strawberry fruit quality.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the overhead substrate culture frame of strawberry that the present invention uses；
Fig. 2 is the design sketch of the method for the present invention planting strawberry；
Fig. 3 is the design sketch of the method for the present invention cultivated tomato.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment 1：It is planted in glasshouse in the gardens Jiangsu Polytechnic College of Agriculture and Forestry Nong Bo within 2016 to 2017
Training experiment, builds the overhead substrate culture frame of south-north direction strawberry, cultivating stand high 85cm, wide row space 70cm, the high 30cm of cultivation bed, on
Mouth width 30cm, for length in 80m, cultivating stand includes cultivation bed and fixed frame；The knot of the strawberry substrate culture frame used in the present invention
Structure is shown in Fig. 1, the structure-steel framing include fixed frame 1, non-woven fabrics 2, fly net 3, the first vertical tube 4, the second vertical tube 5, the first support leg 6,
Second support leg 7, transverse tube 8, connecting rod 9, the first C-shaped pipes 10, film 11, strip 12, the first heat preservation control wet film 13, accumulator tank
14, return pipe 15, the second C-shaped pipes 16, lateral support bar 17, end supporting rod 18, hound 19, liquid-leaking nozzle 20, the second heat preservation
Wet film 21 is controlled, concrete structure is shown in the patent application document application No. is 201410475636.1.
The compositional range of early or mid August, mixture strawberry matrix, strawberry cultivation substrate are peat：Perlite：Vermiculite mass ratio
For 4-6:0.5-1:0.5-1 can be selected arbitrarily, be selected peat in the present embodiment：Perlite：Vermiculite is 4 in mass ratio:1:1
As strawberry plantation substrate, the 5kg thousand of Wuhan Kenuo Biology Science ＆ Technology Co., Ltd.'s production is added in every cubic metre of matrix
Ke Keshikeli bio-bacterial manures, 2kg calcium magnesium phosphate (available phosphorus P2O5Content >=12), prepared strawberry cultivation substrate is put into
In cultivation bed, bottom water is irrigated, makes matrix water suction saturation state.
Late August to early September selects microthermal climate progress strawberry field planting of feeling nice and cool, ensures that strawberry is colonized appropriate depth, no
Crab rooting does not bury the heart, and strawberry spacing in the rows is 25cm, and line-spacing 20cm, strawberry field planting is the outside that the strawberry back of a bow is located at cultivation bed.
In early Febuary next year to early March, the tomato seedling of 7-8 piece true leaves is colonized among cultivation bed by cultivating, i.e.,
Among two row strawberries, the old leaf of strawberry around tomato seedling is removed, Tomato Plug Seeding planting spacing in the rows is 30cm.
Mid or late April removes strawberry, when tomato 3-4 Honokas bear fruit completion with bamboo pole system on cultivation bed
Make " people " font cultivating stand and watchman's wooden clapper branch is carried out to tomato, is pruned to tomato using Netted melon method.Work as tomato mid-May
When 3-4 fringe fruit gingkoes, tomato is pinched, 3-4 piece leaves are stayed above the fruit of top, in conjunction with training, removes old leaf, 4 are stayed per Honoka
Fruit；The first tenday period of a month in May start to pick successively, and tomato plucking time is 1 month or so.After picking, late June carries out tomato drawing
Seedling, to matrix and greenhouse high-temperature sterilization.
Comparative example 1：Not by the way of the overhead substrate culture interplanting tomato of strawberry, but use common greenhouse cultivation high
The method of frame strawberry.Strawberry cropping pattern in the same present invention of the planting type of comparative example 1, cultivation technique, is only adopted in strawberry
It plucks and is deferred to the first tenday period of a month in May on the time.
Comparative example 2：The method for not using the overhead substrate culture interplanting tomato of strawberry, but use the cultivation kind of generic media slot
The method of eggplant.The same cultivated strawberry slot of the present invention of the planting type of comparative example 2, cultivation technique, only tomato substitution strawberry, is colonized
Time, tomato Time To Market was picked from March to June since December.
1 different planting production cost of table
2 different planting performance analysis of table
The entire growth cycle that can be seen that tomato in the present invention from the result of Tables 1 and 2, without increasing additional fertilizer
Material only need to carry out clear water trickle irrigation, the growth of tomato can be completed just with the nutrient of strawberry cultivation substrate.Tomato yield reaches
Thousand grams/acre of 7000-8000.Comparative example 1 is single to be slightly above yield of strawberry of the present invention from yield of strawberry, but the strawberry output value is without apparent high
In the strawberry output value of the present invention, mainly due to 4-5 month temperature recoveries, strawberry quality, yield decline very fast.And the present invention is due to grass
The certain kind of berries is interplanted using overhead substrate culture and tomato, and masking and drop are produced to strawberry in the blade of the growth medium of tomato, tomato
The effect of temperature, improves the quality of strawberry fruit.It is higher than tomato yield of the present invention from 2 tomato yield of comparative example, but from total
It is analyzed in income such as benefit (total income subtracts total production cost), hence it is evident that be less than composite plant mode of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method of the overhead substrate culture interplanting tomato of strawberry, which is characterized in that comprise the steps of：
(1) the overhead substrate culture frame of strawberry is built；The overhead substrate culture frame includes cultivation bed and fixed frame；
(2) strawberry cultivation substrate is prepared, the matrix is mixed thoroughly with fertilizer, is put into the overhead matrix of strawberry built in step (1)
In the cultivation bed of cultivating stand, cultivation management is carried out；
(3) late August to early September carries out strawberry field planting；
(4) in late Febuary to early March, the tomato seedling of 7-8 piece true leaves is colonized among cultivation bed；
(5) mid or late April removes strawberry, and general planting management is carried out to the tomato of high-level cultivating.
2. the method for the overhead substrate culture interplanting tomato of strawberry according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (2),
The strawberry cultivation substrate is peat：Perlite：Vermiculite mass ratio is 4-6:0.5-1:0.5-1.
3. the method for the overhead substrate culture interplanting tomato of strawberry according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (2),
The fertilizer includes bio-bacterial manure and calcium magnesium phosphate；The addition of the fertilizer is that 3-5kg lifes are added in every cubic metre of matrix
Object bacterial manure and 1-2kg calcium magnesium phosphate.
4. the method for the overhead substrate culture interplanting tomato of strawberry according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (3),
It is 18-25cm, line-spacing 20cm that the strawberry field planting, which is strawberry spacing in the rows,.
5. the method for the overhead substrate culture interplanting tomato of strawberry according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (3),
The strawberry field planting is the outside that the strawberry back of a bow is located at cultivation bed.
6. the method for the overhead substrate culture interplanting tomato of strawberry according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (4),
The tomato seedling field planting spacing in the rows is 30-50cm.
7. the method for the overhead substrate culture interplanting tomato of strawberry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (4),
Remove the strawberry old leaf around the tomato seedling.
8. the method for the overhead substrate culture interplanting tomato of strawberry according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (5),
The Cultivate administration comprises the steps of：
(1) watchman's wooden clapper branch, training are carried out to tomato using " people " font small bamboo cultivating stand on cultivation bed；
(2) when tomato grows to 3-4 batches of fruits, tomato is pinched, stays 3-4 piece leaves, removal tomato base portion old above the fruit of top
Leaf stays 3-4 fruit per Honoka；
(3) it picks, uproot plants after their edible portions have been harvested, greenhouse disinfection.
9. the method for the overhead substrate culture interplanting tomato of strawberry according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the training
Method is Netted melon.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810287866.3A CN108617463A (en) | 2018-04-03 | 2018-04-03 | A kind of method of the overhead substrate culture interplanting tomato of strawberry |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810287866.3A CN108617463A (en) | 2018-04-03 | 2018-04-03 | A kind of method of the overhead substrate culture interplanting tomato of strawberry |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN108617463A true CN108617463A (en) | 2018-10-09 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810287866.3A Pending CN108617463A (en) | 2018-04-03 | 2018-04-03 | A kind of method of the overhead substrate culture interplanting tomato of strawberry |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112106633A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2020-12-22 | 苏州每日农业科技有限公司 | Three-dimensional crop rotation cultivation mode for strawberries and melons |
| CN112166973A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-01-05 | 郑州市蔬菜研究所 | Rapid breeding method of strawberry seedlings |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103875428A (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2014-06-25 | 江苏丘陵地区南京农业科学研究所 | Method for cultivating frame type strawberries |
| CN204948900U (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2016-01-13 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Overhead cultivation device of assembled strawberry |
-
2018
- 2018-04-03 CN CN201810287866.3A patent/CN108617463A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103875428A (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2014-06-25 | 江苏丘陵地区南京农业科学研究所 | Method for cultivating frame type strawberries |
| CN204948900U (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2016-01-13 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Overhead cultivation device of assembled strawberry |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 张宪兴等: "温室草莓套种小番茄栽培技术", 《辽宁农业职业技术学院学报》 * |
| 王昭瑞等: "棚室番茄整枝技术", 《中国农村小康科技》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112106633A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2020-12-22 | 苏州每日农业科技有限公司 | Three-dimensional crop rotation cultivation mode for strawberries and melons |
| CN112166973A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-01-05 | 郑州市蔬菜研究所 | Rapid breeding method of strawberry seedlings |
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Application publication date: 20181009 |