CN112166973A - Rapid breeding method of strawberry seedlings - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a rapid breeding method of strawberry seedlings. Belongs to the technical field of strawberry planting. The method comprises the following steps: selection of mother seedlings → cultivation of stolons → harvesting of stolons → classification and cutting of stolons → cultivation of plug seedlings → storage of seedlings. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the propagation speed is high; 20-25 million seedlings can be produced per mu of land each year, and compared with the traditional method, the method can propagate 4-5 million seedlings each year, and the seedling is improved by more than 5 times; the survival rate of high-temperature climate transplantation can reach about 95 percent; the seedlings of the invention have the same seedling age in the same batch, and the plug seedlings basically do not delay the seedlings, thereby reducing the time and labor for filling the seedlings and reducing the production cost; the invention can realize continuous seedling propagation in four seasons in a facility greenhouse with the temperature of 25-32 ℃; the land is saved, the seedling quality is guaranteed, and the unification and standardization of strawberry seedling breeding are realized.

Description

Rapid breeding method of strawberry seedlings

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of strawberry planting, in particular to a rapid strawberry seedling breeding method.

Background

The 4 aspects of strawberry planting area, total output, total consumption and total export in China are world first, the strawberry planting area is about 250 ten thousand mu at present, and the annual consumption total is the total consumption of European Union, Japan and America. The strawberry is one of the most favorite fruits of urban and rural residents in China, and the economic benefit of the strawberry is the first benefit of the fruit unit year after year.

However, the unit yield of the strawberries in China is not high, and the unit yield of the strawberries is far away from the advanced level of the world, and the reason is mainly that the seedling raising technology is unscientific, becomes the primary technical problem restricting the whole production process of the strawberries, and is a bottleneck of the comprehensive modernization of the strawberries in China. The strawberry cultivation has a Hangul of seven-grown seeds and three-grown pipes, which explains that the quality of strawberry seedlings greatly affects the whole production of the strawberries.

The advanced production application system of strawberry seedlings is a three-level production supply system, namely, the first-level original seedling production, and the advanced production application system is cultured and supplied by the national technical unit by adopting a biological cell high-tech scientific and technical method; the second-level 'original seedling' cultivation is produced and supplied by professional technology companies; the three-level 'production seedlings' are cultivated and supplied by planting farmers to be supplied to large strawberry planters. Only in this way can the strawberry seedling be guaranteed to have high quality and high level in successive years, but the seedling can be guaranteed to be the offspring of the virus-free tissue culture seedling, and the most basic requirement of little disease and high yield in strawberry production can be guaranteed. At present, two problems exist in the strawberry production in China: firstly, farmers breed offspring seedlings with own old seedlings every year, the old seedling diseases are transmitted to the next generation, and the quality is worse and worse; and secondly, no three-level system for strawberry seedling production and supply is established in China, a supply chain is broken from upstream to midstream, low-level repetition of downstream is caused, and planters fight against each other and completely save themselves.

The conventional strawberry seedling breeding method mainly comprises detoxification breeding, namely, the creeping stem tip of a strawberry growing in the field is taken back indoors, the top end of the creeping stem tip is taken down and cultured and proliferated indoors, and then seedling breeding is carried out through level 3 to provide seedlings for production. There are some problems with this approach: (1) the seedling propagation time is more than 3 years, and the requirement of the market on new variety seedlings cannot be met; (2) the seedling breeding cost is high. Roughly calculated, every 1 core seedling cultured in a laboratory is about 6-7 yuan, farmers buy one original seed seedling about 3-5 yuan, and the seedling cost per mu is about 3000-5000 yuan; (3) due to the fact that the hormone application dosage in tissue culture is difficult to control properly, the strawberry has large variety variation, and malformed fruits are easy to cause after field planting; (4) most of the seedlings are selected on open ground, but the seedlings produced on the open ground are generally close to the ground, and if the humidity is too high, and the surrounding environment cannot be controlled, the diseases and insect pests are easy to occur. In order to overcome the difficulties, the creeping stem conjoined cutting plug tray in the facility is used for breeding strawberry seedlings to start to rise, but the creeping stem breeding coefficient is larger, and in addition, the creeping stems are different in length, so that the seedlings are difficult to be successfully and smoothly placed at corresponding seedling positions, and partial seedlings can be wasted and even die.

In conclusion, how to provide a rapid strawberry seedling breeding method with high breeding efficiency and good quality is an urgent problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a rapid strawberry seedling breeding method.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a strawberry seedling rapid breeding method comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting mother seedlings: taking original seedlings or stolon seedlings at the 1 st of the original seedlings as mother seedlings;

the original seed seedling is the culture seedling of the detoxified tissue.

(2) And (3) seedbed matrix cultivation: planting the mother seedlings into a seedbed with the height of 50-80 cm, and preparing seedbed matrix from turf and perlite in a ratio of 1: 1;

(3) culturing stolon seedlings: after the stolons are extracted from the mother seedlings, the stolons are naturally hung downwards to extend and grow under the condition that the stolons are not blocked by objects, and the stolons grow along the stolons in sequence; the stolon seedlings naturally keep downward and vertical and keep growing naturally;

(4) collecting stolon seedlings: 2-3 stolon seedlings are extracted and collected, and then the stolon seedlings are stored in a plastic bag at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ in a moisture-preserving manner;

(5) classifying and cutting stolon seedlings: cutting stolon seedlings, classifying according to the seedling age and size, and preserving moisture in a plastic bag at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ after classification; then, soaking the seedlings in hymexazol for 10-20 minutes, cutting the seedlings to a plug tray, performing management culture by irrigating nutrient solution at the temperature of 20-28 ℃, and obtaining plug tray seedlings after rooting and survival;

the specification of the plug is 29 cm wide, 53 cm long, 50 holes, 7 cm deep and 4 cm caliber.

(6) And (3) plug seedling culture: the plug seedlings are cultured in different areas according to the sizes of the seedling ages, and each culture area is cultured for 15-45 days respectively to obtain standard seedlings;

(7) storage of standard seedlings: storing the standard seedlings at-6 to-8 ℃ according to the category;

the seedling after being frozen has strong adaptability and regeneration capability. The survival rate of the frozen strawberry seedlings is generally 30-50% higher than that of the seedlings which are not frozen.

The seedling storage method for cold storage has the storage period of 3-9 months, provides guarantee for annual strawberry seedling supply, and provides a solution for annual production problems of strawberries in China.

(8) The standard seedlings can be continuously bred in a facility greenhouse with the room temperature of 25-32 ℃.

Selecting two-leaf rootless bud seedlings from the stolon seedlings at the 1 st of the original seedlings, and soaking the two-leaf rootless bud seedlings in hymexazol for 10-20 minutes.

And (3) reserving the first side growing point in the step (2), completely cutting off the stolons of the other branches and the side branches, and keeping the main growing point to grow robustly.

Each stem of the strawberry stolons is provided with only one main growing point extending forwards, and all lateral branches and auxiliary growing points on the stolons are removed, so that the nutrition is favorably concentrated on the main stolons, the main growing stems are promoted to grow thick, strong and healthy, and the method improves the seedling forming efficiency. Meanwhile, the labor for management is reduced, and the robot operation is convenient to adopt.

Preferably, 10-20 stolons can be simultaneously reserved on one mother seedling in the step (2).

Preferably, the step (3) is to cut off the stolon seedlings together with the stolons after the first side growing points.

When the grape stolons are sheared, the grape stolons are sheared after the growing points on the first side, and the growing points on the first side are reserved, so that the growing points on the first side can be stimulated to grow quickly, the circulating process of the growing points is reduced, the breeding density is increased, and the breeding capacity is accelerated.

Preferably, the seedling standard in step (5) is:

firstly, the seedling age is 45-55 d;

the stem is 0.4-0.8 cm thick;

no plant diseases and insect pests;

fourthly, 6 leaves are unfolded, and 1 heart leaf appears;

fifthly, the root system is more, the root system is clustered with the culture medium, and the root system is white;

sixthly, the purity of the variety reaches more than 96 percent.

Preferably, the seedling breeding in the step (6) can be continuously carried out in a facility greenhouse with the room temperature of 25-32 ℃.

According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) by adopting the uninterrupted seedling propagation method combining the main growing points and the auxiliary growing points, the newly-grown stolons are extracted for 15-20 days, and when 2 leaflets are formed, aerial roots are formed, namely, cuttage can be carried out, and the rooting time is half of the original rooting time after 45 days. The breeding speed is 5-6 times higher than that of the traditional breeding method; (2) 20-25 ten thousand seedlings can be produced per mu of land each year, because the plug tray cutting seedling density is high, the land area can be repeatedly applied, the utilization rate is improved by a plurality of times compared with the utilization rate of one crop produced in open field one year, and the plug tray seedlings are improved by more than 5 times compared with the traditional breeding method for producing 4-ten thousand seedlings per year; (3) due to the plug seedlings, the root systems of the seedlings completely grow in the substrate, moisture and fertilizer can be preserved, and the survival rate can reach about 95 percent under the normal conditions of long-distance transportation within 1000 kilometers, one-week transportation time and normal packaging; (4) the invention adopts plug seedlings, the root systems of the seedlings grow on a 4 multiplied by 7 plug substrate, and the moisture, nutrition and freshness of the root systems can be kept, so that the survival rate of the seedlings transplanted at a high temperature of 35 ℃ is over 95 percent and is improved by 25 to 30 percent compared with the control survival rate of about 60 percent; (5) the seedlings of the invention can grow continuously without seedling recovery, the seedling recovery period of the control group is 15-20 days, the growth speed is influenced, the maturation time is slowed down, the seedling supplementing time and labor are reduced and the production cost is reduced by adopting the seedlings of the invention; (6) the land is saved, the seedling quality is ensured, the technical level of unification, standardization and modernization of strawberry seedling breeding is realized, the mechanization and unmanned intelligent operation and management in the whole operation process can be realized; (7) the seedlings produced by the method are uniform in flowering and ripening, uniform in fruit size and high in commodity rate, and the early-stage yield is three times higher than that of a control group; 3-4 ten thousand yuan is created in each mu of land before the spring festival of sales income, which is 2-3 times of that of the control group. (8) The invention can realize annual seedling propagation. Can realize continuous seedling propagation in four seasons in a facility greenhouse with an appropriate temperature of 25-32 ℃.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the cultivation method (elevated seedling culture) according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a seedling stage (propagation stage of stolons) in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the bud stage (reproductive growth stage) in the example 1 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The required medicament is a conventional experimental medicament purchased from a market channel; the unrecited experimental method is a conventional experimental method, and is not described in detail herein.

Example 1

A strawberry seedling rapid breeding method comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting mother seedlings: taking the original stock seedlings as mother seedlings;

(2) and (3) seedbed matrix cultivation: planting the mother seedlings into a seedbed with the height of 50-80 centimeters, and preparing the seedbed matrix from turf and perlite in a ratio of 1: 1.

(3) Culturing stolon seedlings: after the mother seedlings generate the stolons, the stolons are extended along the stolons in sequence, and the stolons can be kept to be extended linearly from top to bottom under the condition of not being blocked by objects; reserving a first side growing point, completely cutting off the stolons of the other branches and side branches, and simultaneously reserving 10 stolons on one mother seedling;

(4) collecting stolon seedlings: harvesting 2-3 stolon seedlings after the stolon seedlings grow out, shearing the stolon seedlings and the stolon at the first side growing point, and preserving moisture;

(5) classifying and cutting stolon seedlings: cutting stolon seedlings, classifying according to the age and size of the seedlings, and preserving moisture; then soaking the seedlings in hymexazol for 10-20 minutes, cutting the seedlings to a plug tray, and managing and culturing the plugs to obtain plug tray seedlings;

(6) and (3) plug seedling culture: culturing the plug seedlings for 45 days to obtain seedlings;

the seedling standard is as follows:

firstly, the seedling age is 45-55 d;

the stem is 0.4-0.8 cm thick;

the whole process of seedling breeding is carried out in a greenhouse, pests can be controlled and prevented, and the seedlings have no plant diseases and insect pests;

fourthly, 6 leaves are unfolded, and 1 heart leaf appears;

the root system is more, the root system is clustered with the culture medium, the root breaking phenomenon does not exist, and the root system is white;

sixthly, because the invention applies the application technology of the stock seedling asexual propagation production, the purity of the variety reaches more than 96 percent.

(7) And (3) seedling storage: after the seedlings are generated, the seedlings are taken out of the plug tray, are neatly placed into a damp-proof carton, and are placed into a refrigeration house for storage, wherein the temperature of the refrigeration house is-8 ℃.

(8) Annual seedling propagation: in a facility greenhouse with the suitable temperature of 25-32 ℃, the continuous seedling propagation in four seasons can be realized.

Example 2

A strawberry seedling rapid breeding method comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting mother seedlings: taking the stolon seedling of the original seedling No. 1 as a mother seedling;

selecting two-leaf rootless bud seedlings from the stolon seedlings at the 1 st of the original seedlings, and soaking the two-leaf rootless bud seedlings in hymexazol for 10-20 minutes.

(2) Culturing stolon seedlings: after the stolons are extracted from the mother seedlings, the stolons are extended along the stolons in sequence, and the stolons are kept to be extended linearly; reserving a first side growing point, completely cutting off the stolons of the other branches and side branches, and simultaneously reserving 20 stolons on one strain of mother seedlings;

(3) collecting stolon seedlings: harvesting 2-3 stolon seedlings after the stolon seedlings grow out, shearing the stolon seedlings and the stolon at the first side growing point, and preserving moisture;

(4) classifying and cutting stolon seedlings: cutting stolon seedlings, classifying according to the age and size of the seedlings, and preserving moisture; then soaking the seedlings in hymexazol for 10-20 minutes, cutting the seedlings to a plug tray, and managing and culturing the plugs to obtain plug tray seedlings;

(5) and (3) plug seedling culture: culturing the plug seedlings for 45 days to obtain seedlings;

the seedling standard is as follows:

firstly, the seedling age is 45-55 d;

the stem is 0.4-0.8 cm thick;

the whole process of seedling breeding is carried out in a greenhouse, pests can be controlled and prevented, and the seedlings have no plant diseases and insect pests;

fourthly, 6 leaves are unfolded, and 1 heart leaf appears;

the root system is more, the root system is clustered with the culture medium, the root breaking phenomenon does not exist, and the root system is white;

sixthly, because the invention applies the application technology of the stock seedling asexual propagation production, the purity of the variety reaches more than 96 percent.

(6) And (3) seedling storage: after the seedlings are generated, the seedlings are taken out of the plug tray, are neatly placed into a damp-proof carton, and are placed into a refrigeration house for storage, wherein the temperature of the refrigeration house is-8 ℃.

(7) Annual seedling propagation: in a facility greenhouse with the proper temperature of 25-32 ℃, the continuous seedling propagation in four seasons can be realized.

The invention has the characteristics that: the number of successfully cultivated finished seedlings is increased by 5-10 times compared with that of the conventional seedling cultivating method, and the unit area benefit is increased by 5-10 times. Secondly, the seedlings cultivated by the method are consistent in seedling age, and when the seedlings are used by producers, the seedlings are consistent in growth, consistent in flowering and consistent in fruit bearing, and the yield of fruits per mu before spring festival is about 4200 jin, and is increased by 1400 jin compared with that of ordinary seedlings per mu of 2800 jin. 1.5-2 ten thousand yuan can be sold in each mu of land in the early high price period of the market, and the benefit of a producer is improved. After the radiation popularization, the technology can bring great social benefit or economic benefit.

The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (7)

1. A strawberry seedling rapid breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) selecting mother seedlings: taking original seedlings or stolon seedlings at the 1 st of the original seedlings as mother seedlings;

(2) and (3) seedbed matrix cultivation: planting the mother seedlings into a seedbed with the height of 50-80 cm, and preparing seedbed matrix from turf and perlite in a ratio of 1: 1;

(3) culturing stolon seedlings: after the stolons are extracted from the mother seedlings, the stolons are naturally hung downwards to extend and grow under the condition that the stolons are not blocked by objects, and the stolons grow along the stolons in sequence; the stolon seedlings naturally keep downward and vertical and keep growing naturally;

(4) collecting stolon seedlings: 2-3 stolon seedlings are extracted and collected, and then the stolon seedlings are stored in a plastic bag at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ in a moisture-preserving manner;

(5) classifying and cutting stolon seedlings: cutting stolon seedlings, classifying according to the seedling age and size, and preserving moisture in a plastic bag at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ after classification; then, soaking the seedlings in hymexazol for 10-20 minutes, cutting the seedlings to a plug tray, performing management culture by irrigating nutrient solution at the temperature of 20-28 ℃, and obtaining plug tray seedlings after rooting and survival;

(6) and (3) plug seedling culture: the plug seedlings are cultured in different areas according to the sizes of the seedling ages, and each culture area is cultured for 15-45 days respectively to obtain standard seedlings;

(7) storage of standard seedlings: storing the standard seedlings at-6 to-8 ℃ according to the category;

(8) the standard seedlings can be continuously bred in a facility greenhouse with the room temperature of 25-32 ℃.

2. The method for rapidly breeding strawberry seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the 1 st stolon seedlings of the original seedlings are sprouted with rootless buds of two leaves and soaked in hymexazol for 10-20 minutes.

3. The method for rapidly breeding strawberry seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the first side growing point is reserved in the step (2), and the remaining branch and lateral branch stolons are all cut off, so that the main growing point is kept to grow robustly.

4. The method for rapidly breeding strawberry seedlings according to claim 1, wherein 10-20 stolons can be simultaneously reserved on one mother seedling in the step (2).

5. A method for rapid propagation of strawberry seedlings according to claim 3, wherein the step (3) is to cut off the stolons together with the stolons after the first growing point.

6. The method for rapidly breeding strawberry seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the seedling standard in the step (5) is as follows:

firstly, the seedling age is 45-55 d;

the stem is 0.4-0.8 cm thick;

no plant diseases and insect pests;

fourthly, 6 leaves are unfolded, and 1 heart leaf appears;

fifthly, the root system is more, the root system is clustered with the culture medium, and the root system is white;

sixthly, the purity of the variety reaches more than 96 percent.

7. The method for rapidly breeding strawberry seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the seedlings can be continuously bred in four seasons in the facility greenhouse with the room temperature of 25-32 ℃ in the step (6).

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