CN106305307A

CN106305307A - Grape culture method

Info

Publication number: CN106305307A
Application number: CN201510402802.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 姜韫英
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2015-07-10
Filing date: 2015-07-10
Publication date: 2017-01-11

Abstract

The invention relates to a grape culture method, which comprises the following steps that (1) a rain shielding shed is built on the top of a grape trellis; a shed film is covered on the top; one rain shielding shed is built for one row of grapes, and the width of the shed is 1.8 to 2.5m; one great rain shielding shed can also be built for two rows of grapes, and the width of the shed is 5 to 6m; the distance from the top of a rain shielding shed frame to the surface of the grape trellis is 90cm; (2) a used substrate contains 1/3 of grass peat, 1/3 of organic fertilizers, 1/3 of plant straws, 5 percent of river sand and 5 percent of vermiculite; a planting ditch with the depth being 50cm and the width being 80cm is dug; stones are paved in a 10 to 12 cm position at the bottom; the planting ditch communicates with one end of a groove ditch, and is connected with a waist ditch; a 50 to 55cm position at the upper part is a substrate layer; the grass peat, the organic fertilizers and the river sand are mixed at the lower side; the plant straws and the vermiculite are paved at the upper side; a great amount of water is poured for rinsing the substrate, and then, fixed planting of grape seedlings is performed; (3) a small arch shed is built for performing shed covering heat insulation and moisture preservation treatment; the height of the small arch shed is 50 to 60cm; the width of the small arc shed is 1 to 1.2m; steel bars with the diameter being 8mm are made into arch shapes; the shed covering time is 20 to 22 days. The culture method provided by the invention has the advantages that the planting flexibility of the grapes is effectively improved; the labor work intensity is reduced; the agriculture production cost is reduced.

Description

Grape cultivation method

Technical field

The present invention relates to agriculture field, particularly relate to grape cultivation method.

Background technology

Fructus Vitis viniferae is a kind of berry, is one of the widest a kind of fruit of the most ancient distribution, and the mankind cultivate this planting fruit-trees beginning to a long time ago, and its berry mostly is circular or oval, and color and luster is different with kind.Almost account for 1/4th of whole world fruits output；Its nutritive value is the highest, can be made into Sucus Vitis viniferae, dried Fructus Vitis viniferae and wine.Grain is big, skin depth, juice are few, water is many, and skin and flesh is easily separated, taste sweet and sour taste, and the vitis vinifera of storage tolerance is also called grape, and general cluster grows, and has yellow green, redness, black and blue color or purple, has a layer thin skin outside sarcocarp, has Bao Shuan outside skin, some kind no seed.Fructus Vitis viniferae both can have been cooked fruit and eat raw, it is possible to wine brewing or Making Raisins, can be used as decoration.Fructus Vitis viniferae is because of bright-colored, delicious flavour, and has the highest nutritive value, is known as " crystal jewel ".Fructus Vitis viniferae, rich in magnesium, vitamin C and ferrum, has certain medical value, is important energy-giving food and tonic.

Fructus Vitis viniferae of a great variety, there is kind more than 8000 in the whole world, in state-owned more than 500 kinds.Famous such as: purplish red " Arillus Longan " perfectly round, bedecked with jewels, be described as " northern part of the country jewel ".Have precocity seedless in vain, HONGTI of sweet and sour taste etc..

Wine-growing requires that height above sea level is typically between 400～600 meters.Happiness light, happiness warm up warm, stronger to the adaptability of soil.Western part of Asia area, original producton location, major part vineyard is distributed between north latitude 20～52 degree and between south latitude 30～45 degree in the world, and the overwhelming majority is on the Northern Hemisphere.Chinese Grape is many between north latitude 30～43 degree.Grape-planting regions is mainly distributed on Xiao County, Anhui, Turpan, Xinjiang.

In vinegrowing, in addition to Fructus Vitis viniferae to be considered is to the requirement of suitable weather conditions, it is necessary to note avoiding and protecting disastrous weather, such as drouth, flood, serious frostbite, and strong wind, hail etc..Fructus Vitis viniferae all may be produced and cause heavy losses by these.Such as: the strong wind of Growing season often blows folding young sprout, wipes fruit ear off, even destroys grape trellis.The hail in summer the most usually destroys branch and leaf, fruit ear, has a strong impact on vintage and quality.Therefore, when building field will in view of a certain disaster factors frequency of occurrences and Intensity, rationally selects field, determine suitable row to, build shelter belt, and have other corresponding safeguard procedures.

Summary of the invention

For the problems referred to above, the present invention provides grape cultivation method, and described method is simple and convenient, it is easy to promote.

For realizing the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, the present invention provides grape cultivation method, including.

Method 1, rain shelter cultivation method: build lew on grape trellis top, its top covers canopy film, 1 lew of a line Fructus Vitis viniferae, canopy width 1.8-2.5m, it is possible to two row Fructus Vitis viniferaes build 1 booth of taking shelter from rain, canopy width 5-6m；Rain shelter frame top is from grape trellis face 90cm.

Method 2, soilless culture: the matrix formulations mixed-matrix based on organic substrate, the substrate of employing is respectively to account for 1/3 with the peat composed of rotten mosses, fertilizer and straw, additionally adds the fluvial sand of 5% and the Vermiculitum of 5%；Planting form is ground trough type, first dig deep 50cm, the plantation ditch of wide 80m, bottom 10-12cm paver, use as subdrainage, communicate with one end of groove, being connected with waist ditch, top 50-55cm is hypothallus, and the peat composed of rotten mosses, fertilizer, fluvial sand are blended in down, straw, Vermiculitum are layered on above, water flood to field planting grape seedlings after substrate drip washing.

Method 3, button canopy cultivation: the plant of Fructus Vitis viniferae carries out the winter January and cuts, plant and ground are sprayed the lime sulfur of Baume 5 degree comprehensively, and eye nitrogen of coating lime is made to break the dormancy of its plant and processed, and the Small plastic shed built is carried out detains canopy heat and moisture preserving process, Small plastic shed height 50-60cm, wide l-1.2m, overarches with the reinforcing bar of diameter 8mm, detains about 20-22 days canopy time, it is noted that the temperature adjusted in canopy during button canopy, keeping 25-28 DEG C daytime, night 15-17 DEG C, night at florescence keeps 18-20 DEG C；The hibernaculum sprouting of grapevine seedling more than 50% and the part inflorescence plastic foil on dismountable canopy when occurring.

Compared with prior art beneficial effects of the present invention.

The grape cultivation method that the present invention provides, according to the habit of Fructus Vitis viniferae, gives different cultural methods, is effectively increased the plantation motility of Fructus Vitis viniferae, reduces hand labor intensity, saves agriculture production cost.

Detailed description of the invention

The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiment.

Embodiment 1.

The grape cultivation method that the present embodiment 1 provides, including.

Method 1, rain shelter cultivation method: build lew on grape trellis top, its top covers canopy film, 1 lew of a line Fructus Vitis viniferae, canopy width 1.8m, it is possible to two row Fructus Vitis viniferaes build 1 booth of taking shelter from rain, canopy width 5.5m；Rain shelter frame top is from grape trellis face 90cm, in case its canopy produces the blade of high-temperature damage grapevine seedling, fruit ear on frame face.Overlay film press mold the to be had cableties at lew top are fixed or are fixed with nylon rope press mold, and the lew overlay film time was typically carried out before rainy season, and Fructus Vitis viniferae takes off film after gathering.Canopy film requires firmly, printing opacity is good, and film thickness preferably selects the high-strength membrane of more than 0.03mm high temperature resistance.The method is mainly used in the cultivation of Mid-late ripening grape variety.

Rain shelter cultivation is a kind of simple form of Studies on Protected Cultivation of Grapes, have and alleviate disease, improve and bear fruit, reduce dehiscent fruit, the raising advantage such as fruit marketability, as: (1) alleviates disease, reduce cost: rain shelter cultivation can reduce the Damage Types propagated by wind and rain, making leaf fruit complete, leaf longevity extends.Owing to, in rain shelter cultivation, blade and the fruit of Fructus Vitis viniferae are not directly contacted with rainwater, such that it is able to reduce sick generation, both saved pesticide investment, the pollution-free food without pollution by pesticides can have been produced again.(2) improving fruit-setting rate and yield, improving quality: be primarily due to facility cultivation and blocked natural precipitation, the dehiscent fruit of Fructus Vitis viniferae, disease and pollution significantly alleviate rainfall and reduce the impact of facility grape sugar content.The grape fruit fringe that shelter processes heavily increases, and fringe shape is rectified, and is tightly combined, and fruit grain increases and without big granule, and in canopy, soluble solid content and the sugar-acid ratio of grape fruit are above outside canopy.(3) raise labour productivity, it is ensured that enforcement rainfall day southern rainy regions grape growth phase in time of technical measures is many, delays work rain day owing to covering to avoid, it is ensured that the timely enforcement of every technical measures, thus improve labor productivity.(4) the regulation fruit maturation phase: rain shelter cultivation is conducive to improving rattan and harvests the exterior quality of grape fruit, postpones maturation, extends the supply phase.(5) can extend cultural area and varietal adaptation: built the growing environment of dry and rainless by rain shelter cultivation, the red earth of Eurasian kind of high-quality, Italy, the big fringe of Qin Long, black rose, Rose bella Reid etc. are in the success of south China regional culture.

Method 2, soilless culture: the matrix formulations mixed-matrix based on organic substrate, the substrate of employing is respectively to account for 1/3 with the peat composed of rotten mosses, fertilizer and straw, additionally adds the fluvial sand of 5% and the Vermiculitum of 5%；Planting form is ground trough type, first dig deep 50cm, the plantation ditch of wide 80m, bottom 12cm paver, use as subdrainage, communicate with one end of groove, being connected with waist ditch, top 50cm is hypothallus, and the peat composed of rotten mosses, fertilizer, fluvial sand are blended in down, straw, Vermiculitum are layered on above, water flood to field planting grape seedlings after substrate drip washing.

Method 3, button canopy cultivation: in order to make Table Grape energy before rainy season set ripe, and reduce pest and disease damage generation, the grape variety plant of reply Early-mid ripening, build the simple Small plastic shed cultivating facility of button canopy, to promote that grapevine seedling shifts to an earlier date sprout growth, fruit can list in 4-5 month maturation.The plant of Fructus Vitis viniferae carries out the winter January and cuts, and plant and ground spray the lime sulfur of Baume 5 degree comprehensively, and eye nitrogen (nitrolime) of coating lime is made to break the dormancy of its plant and processed, and the Small plastic shed built carries out detain canopy heat and moisture preserving processes.Small plastic shed height 60cm, wide 1.2m, overarch with the reinforcing bar of diameter 8mm, detains 20 days canopy (overlay film) time, it is noted that the temperature adjusted in canopy during button canopy, keeps 25-27 DEG C daytime, and night 15 DEG C, night at florescence keeps 19-20 DEG C.When 35 DEG C of high temperature above occurring in fine day canopy in the morning, film to be taken off in time aeration-cooling, prevent from burning out inflorescence, afternoon mercury dropped, timely epiphragma is incubated.Sprout and part inflorescence plastic foil on dismountable canopy when occurring until the hibernaculum of grapevine seedling more than 50%.

Embodiment 2.

The present embodiment 2 provides grape cultivation method, including.

Method 1, rain shelter cultivation method: build lew on grape trellis top, its top covers canopy film, 1 lew of a line Fructus Vitis viniferae, canopy width 2.0m, it is possible to two row Fructus Vitis viniferaes build 1 booth of taking shelter from rain, canopy width 6m；Rain shelter frame top is from grape trellis face 90cm.

Method 2, soilless culture: the matrix formulations mixed-matrix based on organic substrate, the substrate of employing is respectively to account for 1/3 with the peat composed of rotten mosses, fertilizer and straw, additionally adds the fluvial sand of 5% and the Vermiculitum of 5%；Planting form is ground trough type, first dig deep 50cm, the plantation ditch of wide 80m, bottom 10cm paver, use as subdrainage, communicate with one end of groove, being connected with waist ditch, top 52cm is hypothallus, and the peat composed of rotten mosses, fertilizer, fluvial sand are blended in down, straw, Vermiculitum are layered on above, water flood to field planting grape seedlings after substrate drip washing.

Method 3, button canopy cultivation: the plant of Fructus Vitis viniferae carries out the winter January and cuts, plant and ground are sprayed the lime sulfur of Baume 5 degree comprehensively, and eye nitrogen of coating lime is made to break the dormancy of its plant and processed, and the Small plastic shed built is carried out detains canopy heat and moisture preserving process, Small plastic shed height 55cm, wide lm, overarches with the reinforcing bar of diameter 8mm, detains 21 days canopy time, it is noted that the temperature adjusted in canopy during button canopy, keeping 27-28 DEG C daytime, night 16-17 DEG C, night at florescence keeps 18-19 DEG C；The hibernaculum sprouting of grapevine seedling more than 50% and the part inflorescence plastic foil on dismountable canopy when occurring.

Claims

1. grape cultivation method, it is characterised in that including:

Method 1, rain shelter cultivation method: build lew on grape trellis top, its top covers canopy film, 1 lew of a line Fructus Vitis viniferae, canopy width 1.8-2.5m, it is possible to two row Fructus Vitis viniferaes build 1 booth of taking shelter from rain, canopy width 5-6m；Rain shelter frame top is from grape trellis face 90cm；

Method 2, soilless culture: the matrix formulations mixed-matrix based on organic substrate, the substrate of employing is respectively to account for 1/3 with the peat composed of rotten mosses, fertilizer and straw, additionally adds the fluvial sand of 5% and the Vermiculitum of 5%；Planting form is ground trough type, first dig deep 50cm, the plantation ditch of wide 80m, bottom 10-12cm paver, communicates with one end of groove, is connected with waist ditch, top 50-55cm is hypothallus, the peat composed of rotten mosses, fertilizer, fluvial sand are blended in down, and straw, Vermiculitum are layered on above, water flood to field planting grape seedlings after substrate drip washing；

Method 3, button canopy cultivation: the plant of Fructus Vitis viniferae carries out the winter January and cuts, plant and ground are sprayed the lime sulfur of Baume 5 degree comprehensively, and eye nitrogen of coating lime is made to break the dormancy of its plant and processed, and the Small plastic shed built is carried out detains canopy heat and moisture preserving process, Small plastic shed height 50-60cm, wide l-1.2m, overarches with the reinforcing bar of diameter 8mm, detains 20-22 days canopy time, it is noted that the temperature adjusted in canopy during button canopy, keeping 25-28 DEG C daytime, night 15-17 DEG C, night at florescence keeps 18-20 DEG C；The hibernaculum sprouting of grapevine seedling more than 50% and the part inflorescence plastic foil on dismountable canopy when occurring.

2. grape cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the overlay film press mold cableties at lew top are fixed or fixed with nylon rope press mold.

3. grape cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that canopy film thickness selects the high-strength membrane of more than 0.03mm high temperature resistance.