CN103430765A - Method for early-stage cultivation of cucurbita pepo - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for early-stage cultivation of cucurbita pepo. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) construction of a bird-wing-shaped ecological greenhouse, wherein the over-winter cultivation greenhouse faces south 7-9 degree by west, the height of a rear wall is 1.5m, and the height of a ridge is 2.85-3m; (2) variety and crops for rotation: over-winter cucurbita pepo is selected from the varieties such as I-type Yingjing cucurbita pepo, dongyu and hanyu, seeding is performed between the last ten-day period of October and the middle ten-day period of November and cucurbita pepo comes into the market between the last ten-day period of November and April of next year; (3) seed disinfection, wherein the seeds are immersed with hot water at the temperature of 55 DEG C, and are also immersed with potassium permanganate solution (the ratio between the potassium permanganate and water is 1:1000) or copper sulfate solution (the ratio between the copper sulfate and water is 1:300) to kill infectious microbes; (4) soil, wherein organic fertilizer is additionally applied into sandy soil, sand is mixed into cohesive soil, and deep ploughing is carried out by 3-40cm; (5) fertilizer application: 10000kg of cucurbita pepo is produced by every 667 square meters, 1kg of carbon can be used for producing 10kg of fresh vines and 10kg of cucurbita pepo respectively, and according to the condition that the carbon for the cucurbita pepo accounts for 50% and the carbon buffering capacity in the soil accounts for about 1 time, 1660kg of carbon needs to be applied. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the investment is less and the output economic benefit is better.

Description

A kind of method of custard squash early maturity culture

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of method of field pumpkin cultivation, especially a kind of method of custard squash early maturity culture.

Background technology

Custom thinks, temperature height custard squash is looked soon, and plant is prosperous, and growing way is good.In fact, the temperature coca must be shallow, nourished and grew prosperous, must affect the knot melon, causes the excessive growth of custard squash seedling, changes melon, the viral disease of easily catching an illness.Do not focus on executing the carbon containing fertilizer such as cow dung, stalk, only focus on executing chicken manure, the often underproduction 50% left and right.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of custard squash early maturity culture; Not only custard squash is looked soon, and plant is prosperous, and growing way is good, and the custard squash seedling is avoided excessive growth, changed melon, the viral disease of easily catching an illness, and correspondingly increases economic efficiency.

Technical scheme of the present invention is being:

The method of this custard squash early maturity culture consists of following steps:

1. pinion shape ecological greenhouse is built: 7 °～9 ° of the positive souths by west in orientation, overwintering cultivation greenhouse, and rear wall is high 1.5 meters, and ridge is high 2.85～3 meters, 6.6～8 meters of spans, 1～1.2 meter of wall thickness; In forward position, corner cut is 28 °～58 °, dark 1.6 meters of backhouse, 50～70 meters of length; There is light at indoor four jiaos of 12 o'clock high noons of Winter Solstice, than string type greenhouse, can increase sunshine several 11%; The elevation angle, greenhouse is large, increases by 30 minutes sunshine; Space is little, quick heating; High insulating effect; Storage heat is cold-resistant; Light-inletting quantity is than string type large 17%; Cool in summer and warm in winter; The seedling-protection space is little, the suitable special use of surviving the winter; The disease weight, come from nutritional deficiency; It is severe that nutritional deficiency comes from ecotope, therefore need to promote ecological greenhouse and large warm cellar for storing things, just is suitable for producing custard squash; Halcyon days temperature at minimum indoor night is at 8 ℃～12 ℃, and the growth of normally pollinating of suitable custard squash, be difficult for catching an illness, and spring, 1 year two autumn elect that two films one are covered with mat, shed, special-purpose greenhouse, avoids " three nine-day periods after the winter solstice " and " dog days " day and produce;

2. kind and crops for rotation: the custard squash of surviving the winter is selected and is answered beautiful, the cold kind such as beautiful of Jinghu No.1, winter, sows listing in April in late November to next year late October to mid-November; Stubble early and middle ten days in February sowing in early spring, listing mid-March, finish 5～June; Prolong autumn stubble custard squash and select No. 1 green for a long time, capital calabash, the kind such as a blue or green generation early, sowing in August, listing in 10～December; The winter survival in greenhouse cultivation, 10000 kilograms of every 667 square metres of output; 7000 kilograms of the every 667 square metres of output of stubble in early spring; Prolong 3500～5000 kilograms of the every 667 square metres of output of autumn stubble; Fill with root 1 time with the plant derivant, to prevent excessive growth and virus disease occurs; The stubble of surviving the winter waters CM bacterial manure or EM bio-bacterial manure frost damage prevention before freezing, short pollination; Prolong the autumn stubble and water 1 kilogram, zinc sulphate, desinsection, cooling, moisturizing, diseases prevention viral disease in seedling stage; ;

3. seed disinfection: with 55 ℃ of hot water seed soaking, with 1000 times of liquid of potassium permanganate or 300 times of immersion bubble seeds of copper sulphate, kill miscellaneous bacteria; Because seed is all adopted seed on the residual body plant of corruption, all carry germ, therefore to note growing seedlings with anosis bacterial classification; Dry seeds can thermal treatment sterilizing in 72/ hour under 73 ℃ of high temperature, or after immersion in one 15 ℃～mono-20 ℃ sterilizings in freezing 11 hours, disease resisting effect excellence; Every 667 square metres of standby 25～30 square metres of seedbeds, with 40% humic acid fertilizer or the honeycomb briquette slag that newly burnt, 40% sun soil, 20% decomposed cow dung, 33% 2 kilograms of biological potassium fertilizers, prosperous 500 grams of soil fertility or hundred million power bacterial manure 250 grams of calming the nerves are prepared Nutrition Soils; The dark how anosis seedling of root, because of the dark long fruit of root, shallow root comes into leaves climing, and disease is many hid in seedling stage, the later stage performance; Not with nitrogen, phosphatization fertilizer and the fertilizer that do not become thoroughly decomposed;

4. soil: the sand soil property enriches organic fertile; The stickiness soil property is mixed sand, deep ploughs 3～40 centimetres; The improving salinization basic soil, execute 80 kilograms, gypsum for every 667 square metres, and acid ground liming double centner, with the Balancing degree; The soil oxygen content reaches 19%, pH and is advisable with 6.5～8.2; Alkaline soil is done flat bedding cultivation, the acid and capable ridge culture of neutral soil; The content of organic matter is 2.5% left and right, with sandy loam for well; Soil concentration is 4000～6000 mg/kg; Preserve moisture and fertility is loose ventilative;

5. fertilizer application: every 667 square metres are produced 10000 kilograms, melons, and every kg of carbon can account for 50% by melon and fruit for producing each 10 kilograms, bright climing, melon, and carbon in soil element buffering capacity accounts for 1 times of left and right, need execute 1660 kilograms of carbon elements; Second batch reduces by half, 26 kilograms, nitrogen, 15 kilograms, phosphorus, 35 kilograms, potassium, 3000 kilograms of left and right of dry straw of executing wet straw compost, 5000 kilograms, oxen and horses excrement or a carbon containing 45% of carbon containing 259/6 left and right, carbon containing I350 kilogram left and right; In cow dung, nitrogenous 0.32% closes 16 kilograms, and phosphorous 2.1% closes 10.5 kilograms, containing potassium 0.45%, closes 22.5 kilograms; 1000 kilograms of chicken manures, 250 kilograms of carbon containings, nitrogenous 1.6% closes 16 kilograms, and phosphorous 1.5% closes 15 kilograms, containing potassium 0.89/6, closes 8.5 kilograms; These two kinds of excrement add up to carbon containing; 1500 kilograms, 32 kilograms, nitrogen, 25.5 kilograms, phosphorus, 31 kilograms, potassium, many 1 times of phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium are substantially satisfied, and carbon lacks 160 kilograms, needs to mend 300 kilograms of the humic acid fertilizers of carbon containing 50%, or minute pours 2000 kilograms of night soils (carbon containing 8%) for 4 times; The knot melon phase can divide 2～3 benefits to execute 50 kilograms, 45% biological potassium, 10 kilograms, the prosperous bacterial manure of solid EM soil fertility, 6 kilograms, the prosperous bacterial manure of liquid EM soil fertility, release phosphorus fixed nitrogen with potassium decomposing, making nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio is 2:1:5～6, and carbon, nitrogen ratio reach 30:1, soil is containing organic 2%～3%, nitrogen 100 mg/kg, phosphorus 40～60 mg/kg, potassium 240～300 mg/kg; Muck pulverizes and sieves or unties with CM bacterium, EM bacterium 2 kg.p.m.s, and can receive nitrogen in air (content 71.3%) and carbonic acid gas (content 300 mg/kg), and rotten degree is for very likely.

Beneficial effect of the present invention:

This invention is a kind of method of custard squash early maturity culture; Not only custard squash is looked soon, and plant is prosperous, and growing way is good, and the custard squash seedling is avoided excessive growth, changed melon, the viral disease of easily catching an illness, and correspondingly increases economic efficiency.

Embodiment

Embodiment:

7 °～9 ° of [construction of pinion shape ecological greenhouse] positive souths by west in orientation, overwintering cultivation greenhouse, rear wall is high 1.5 meters, and ridge is high 2.85～3 meters, 6.6～8 meters of spans, 1～1.2 meter of wall thickness; In forward position, corner cut is 28 °～58 °, dark 1.6 meters of backhouse, 50～70 meters of length.There is light at indoor four jiaos of 12 o'clock high noons of Winter Solstice, than string type greenhouse, can increase sunshine several 11%; The elevation angle, greenhouse is large, increases by 30 minutes sunshine; Space is little, quick heating; High insulating effect; Storage heat is cold-resistant; Light-inletting quantity is than string type large 17%; Cool in summer and warm in winter; The seedling-protection space is little, the suitable special use of surviving the winter.The disease weight, come from nutritional deficiency; It is severe that nutritional deficiency comes from ecotope, therefore need to promote ecological greenhouse and large warm cellar for storing things, just is suitable for producing custard squash.Halcyon days temperature at minimum indoor night is at 8～C～12～C, and the growth of normally pollinating of suitable custard squash, be difficult for catching an illness, and spring, 1 year two autumn elect that two films one are covered with mat, shed, special-purpose greenhouse, avoids " three nine-day periods after the winter solstice " and " dog days " day and produce.North China utilizes 9～November and next year 2 "---, illumination in May and temperature difference production, have better effect, and the greenhouse culture time also can suitably relax.

[kind and the crops for rotation] custard squash of surviving the winter is selected kinds such as answering Jinghu No.1, winter jade, cold jade, sows listing in April in late November to next year late October to mid-November; Stubble early and middle ten days in February sowing in early spring, listing mid-March, finish 5～June; Prolong autumn stubble custard squash and select No. 1 green for a long time, capital calabash, the kind such as a blue or green generation early, sowing in August, listing in 10～December.The winter survival in greenhouse cultivation, 10000 kilograms of every 667 square metres of output; 7000 kilograms of the every 667 square metres of output of stubble in early spring; Prolong 3500～5000 kilograms of the every 667 square metres of output of autumn stubble.Fill with root 1 time with the plant derivant, to prevent excessive growth and virus disease occurs.The stubble of surviving the winter waters CM bacterial manure or EM bio-bacterial manure frost damage prevention before freezing, short pollination; Prolong the autumn stubble and water 1 kilogram, zinc sulphate, desinsection, cooling, moisturizing, diseases prevention viral disease in seedling stage.

[seed disinfection] soaks seed with 55 ℃ of hot water, with 1000 times of liquid of potassium permanganate or 300 times of immersion bubble seeds of copper sulphate, kills miscellaneous bacteria.Because seed is all adopted seed on the residual body plant of corruption, all carry germ, therefore to note growing seedlings with anosis bacterial classification.Dry seeds can thermal treatment sterilizing in 72/ hour under 73 ℃ of high temperature, or after immersion in one 15 ℃～mono-20 ℃ sterilizings in freezing 11 hours, disease resisting effect excellence.Every 667 square metres of standby 25～30 square metres of seedbeds, with the lucky board humic acid fertilizer of 40% wealth or the honeycomb briquette slag that newly burnt, 40% sun soil, 20% decomposed cow dung, 33% 2 kilograms of biological potassium fertilizers, prosperous 500 grams of soil fertility or hundred million power bacterial manure 250 grams of calming the nerves are prepared Nutrition Soils.The dark how anosis seedling of root, because of the dark long fruit of root, shallow root comes into leaves climing, and disease is many hid in seedling stage, the later stage performance.Not with nitrogen, phosphatization fertilizer and the fertilizer that do not become thoroughly decomposed.

[soil] sand soil property enriches organic fertile; The stickiness soil property is mixed sand, deep ploughs 3～40 centimetres.The improving salinization basic soil, execute 80 kilograms, gypsum for every 667 square metres, and acid ground liming double centner, with the Balancing degree.The soil oxygen content reaches 19%, pH and is advisable with 6.5～8.2.Alkaline soil is done flat bedding cultivation, the acid and capable ridge culture of neutral soil.The content of organic matter is 2.5% left and right, with sandy loam for well.Soil concentration is 4000～6000 mg/kg.Preserve moisture and fertility is loose ventilative.Do not apply fertilizer overweight, otherwise can make the plant root reverse osmosis and dehydration or anoxic and catch an illness.

[fertilizer application] every 667 square metres produces 10000 kilograms, melons, and every kg of carbon can account for 50% by melon and fruit for producing each 10 kilograms, bright climing, melon, and carbon in soil element buffering capacity accounts for 1 times of left and right, need execute 1660 kilograms of carbon elements.Second batch reduces by half, 26 kilograms, nitrogen, 15 kilograms, phosphorus, 35 kilograms, potassium, 3000 kilograms of left and right of dry straw of executing wet straw compost, 5000 kilograms, oxen and horses excrement or a carbon containing 45% of carbon containing 259/6 left and right, carbon containing I350 kilogram left and right.In cow dung, nitrogenous 0.32% closes 16 kilograms, and phosphorous 2.1% closes 10.5 kilograms, containing potassium 0.45%, closes 22.5 kilograms.1000 kilograms of chicken manures, 250 kilograms of carbon containings, nitrogenous 1.6% closes 16 kilograms, and phosphorous 1.5% closes 15 kilograms, containing potassium 0.89/6, closes 8.5 kilograms.These two kinds of excrement add up to carbon containing.1500 kilograms, 32 kilograms, nitrogen, 25.5 kilograms, phosphorus, 31 kilograms, potassium, many 1 times of phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium are substantially satisfied, and carbon lacks 160 kilograms, need to mend 300 kilograms of the humic acid fertilizers of carbon containing 50%, or minute rush 2000 kilograms of people's night soils (carbon containing 8%) for 4 times, execute 30% biological potassium also has amount of increase in production more.The knot melon phase can divide 2～3 benefits to execute 50 kilograms, 45% biological potassium, 10 kilograms, the prosperous bacterial manure of solid EM soil fertility, 6 kilograms, the prosperous bacterial manure of liquid EM soil fertility, release phosphorus fixed nitrogen with potassium decomposing, making nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio is 2:1:5～6, and carbon, nitrogen ratio reach 30:1, soil is containing organic 2%～3%, nitrogen 100 mg/kg, phosphorus 40～60 mg/kg, potassium 240～300 mg/kg.Make the soil nutrient balance, subterraneous root and the long balance of overgrowing on the ground.Muck pulverizes and sieves or unties with CM bacterium, EM bacterium 2 kg.p.m.s, and can receive nitrogen in air (content 71.3%) and carbonic acid gas (content 300 mg/kg), and rotten degree is for very likely; Otherwise, easily lose nutrition or the burn root system catch an illness.Because Nitrogen In Soils keeps 19 kilograms, be concentration balance again, phosphorus need keep acid could be supplied lastingly, therefore muck should half be done general executing, half is made ditch (cave) and executes.

Claims (1)

1. the method for a custard squash early maturity culture, its feature consists of following steps:

1. pinion shape ecological greenhouse is built: 7 °～9 ° of the positive souths by west in orientation, overwintering cultivation greenhouse, and rear wall is high 1.5 meters, and ridge is high 2.85～3 meters, 6.6～8 meters of spans, 1～1.2 meter of wall thickness; In forward position, corner cut is 28 °～58 °, dark 1.6 meters of backhouse, 50～70 meters of length; There is light at indoor four jiaos of 12 o'clock high noons of Winter Solstice, than string type greenhouse, can increase sunshine several 11%; The elevation angle, greenhouse is large, increases by 30 minutes sunshine; Space is little, quick heating; High insulating effect; Storage heat is cold-resistant; Light-inletting quantity is than string type large 17%; Cool in summer and warm in winter; The seedling-protection space is little, the suitable special use of surviving the winter; The disease weight, come from nutritional deficiency; It is severe that nutritional deficiency comes from ecotope, therefore need to promote ecological greenhouse and large warm cellar for storing things, just is suitable for producing custard squash; Halcyon days temperature at minimum indoor night is at 8 ℃～12 ℃, and the growth of normally pollinating of suitable custard squash, be difficult for catching an illness, and spring, 1 year two autumn elect that two films one are covered with mat, shed, special-purpose greenhouse, avoids " three nine-day periods after the winter solstice " and " dog days " day and produce;

2. kind and crops for rotation: the custard squash of surviving the winter is selected and is answered beautiful, the cold kind such as beautiful of Jinghu No.1, winter, sows listing in April in late November to next year late October to mid-November; Stubble early and middle ten days in February sowing in early spring, listing mid-March, finish 5～June; Prolong autumn stubble custard squash and select No. 1 green for a long time, capital calabash, the kind such as a blue or green generation early, sowing in August, listing in 10～December; The winter survival in greenhouse cultivation, 10000 kilograms of every 667 square metres of output; 7000 kilograms of the every 667 square metres of output of stubble in early spring; Prolong 3500～5000 kilograms of the every 667 square metres of output of autumn stubble; Fill with root 1 time with the plant derivant, to prevent excessive growth and virus disease occurs; The stubble of surviving the winter waters CM bacterial manure or EM bio-bacterial manure frost damage prevention before freezing, short pollination; Prolong the autumn stubble and water 1 kilogram, zinc sulphate, desinsection, cooling, moisturizing, diseases prevention viral disease in seedling stage; ;

3. seed disinfection: with 55 ℃ of hot water seed soaking, with 1000 times of liquid of potassium permanganate or 300 times of immersion bubble seeds of copper sulphate, kill miscellaneous bacteria; Because seed is all adopted seed on the residual body plant of corruption, all carry germ, therefore to note growing seedlings with anosis bacterial classification; Dry seeds can thermal treatment sterilizing in 72/ hour under 73 ℃ of high temperature, or after immersion in one 15 ℃～mono-20 ℃ sterilizings in freezing 11 hours, disease resisting effect excellence; Every 667 square metres of standby 25～30 square metres of seedbeds, with 40% humic acid fertilizer or the honeycomb briquette slag that newly burnt, 40% sun soil, 20% decomposed cow dung, 33% 2 kilograms of biological potassium fertilizers, prosperous 500 grams of soil fertility or hundred million power bacterial manure 250 grams of calming the nerves are prepared Nutrition Soils; The dark how anosis seedling of root, because of the dark long fruit of root, shallow root comes into leaves climing, and disease is many hid in seedling stage, the later stage performance; Not with nitrogen, phosphatization fertilizer and the fertilizer that do not become thoroughly decomposed;

4. soil: the sand soil property enriches organic fertile; The stickiness soil property is mixed sand, deep ploughs 3～40 centimetres; The improving salinization basic soil, execute 80 kilograms, gypsum for every 667 square metres, and acid ground liming double centner, with the Balancing degree; The soil oxygen content reaches 19%, pH and is advisable with 6.5～8.2; Alkaline soil is done flat bedding cultivation, the acid and capable ridge culture of neutral soil; The content of organic matter is 2.5% left and right, with sandy loam for well; Soil concentration is 4000～6000 mg/kg; Preserve moisture and fertility is loose ventilative;

5. fertilizer application: every 667 square metres are produced 10000 kilograms, melons, and every kg of carbon can account for 50% by melon and fruit for producing each 10 kilograms, bright climing, melon, and carbon in soil element buffering capacity accounts for 1 times of left and right, need execute 1660 kilograms of carbon elements; Second batch reduces by half, 26 kilograms, nitrogen, 15 kilograms, phosphorus, 35 kilograms, potassium, 3000 kilograms of left and right of dry straw of executing wet straw compost, 5000 kilograms, oxen and horses excrement or a carbon containing 45% of carbon containing 259/6 left and right, carbon containing I350 kilogram left and right; In cow dung, nitrogenous 0.32% closes 16 kilograms, and phosphorous 2.1% closes 10.5 kilograms, containing potassium 0.45%, closes 22.5 kilograms; 1000 kilograms of chicken manures, 250 kilograms of carbon containings, nitrogenous 1.6% closes 16 kilograms, and phosphorous 1.5% closes 15 kilograms, containing potassium 0.89/6, closes 8.5 kilograms; These two kinds of excrement add up to carbon containing; 1500 kilograms, 32 kilograms, nitrogen, 25.5 kilograms, phosphorus, 31 kilograms, potassium, many 1 times of phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium are substantially satisfied, and carbon lacks 160 kilograms, needs to mend 300 kilograms of the humic acid fertilizers of carbon containing 50%, or minute pours 2000 kilograms of night soils (carbon containing 8%) for 4 times; The knot melon phase can divide 2～3 benefits to execute 50 kilograms, 45% biological potassium, 10 kilograms, the prosperous bacterial manure of solid EM soil fertility, 6 kilograms, the prosperous bacterial manure of liquid EM soil fertility, release phosphorus fixed nitrogen with potassium decomposing, making nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio is 2:1:5～6, and carbon, nitrogen ratio reach 30:1, soil is containing organic 2%～3%, nitrogen 100 mg/kg, phosphorus 40～60 mg/kg, potassium 240～300 mg/kg; Muck pulverizes and sieves or unties with CM bacterium, EM bacterium 2 kg.p.m.s, and can receive nitrogen in air (content 71.3%) and carbonic acid gas (content 300 mg/kg), and rotten degree is for very likely.