CN107173135A - A kind of fertilizing method of high mountain kind organic rice - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of fertilizing method of high mountain kind organic rice, including herein below：Seedling special preparation seedling is strengthened using seedling during seedling；When transplanting crop field, with become thoroughly decomposed innoxious organic fertilizer and earthworm fertilizer as base manure and topdressing；All rice terraces in planting base using rice straw returning to the field and plantation Chinese milk vetch, implement organic rice, Chinese milk vetch crop rotation；Mu applies innoxious 150~200 kilograms of the organic fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, wherein 60% makees base manure, 40% topdresses；Mu applies 150~200 kilograms of earthworm fertilizer, base manure 70%, topdresses 30%.This fertilizing method can improve environment, reduce environmental pollution, reduction fertilising cost, fertilizing soil is additionally aided, increases soil organic matter of cultivated land content, builds up fertility and output capacity, increase fertilising economic benefit, improves fertilizer utilization efficiency, reduces the adverse effect that unreasonable fertilising is produced to environment.

Description

A kind of fertilizing method of high mountain kind organic rice

Technical field

The present invention relates to organic rice agricultural fertilizer field, and in particular to a kind of fertilizing method of high mountain kind organic rice.

Background technology

Hundred million Ns of Jinzhai County organic crops crop cultivation speciality cooperative society base is distributed in Liuan City, Anhui Province Jinzhai County Tang Jiahui towns Zhu Fan villages, Yin Shanfan villages, Shang Fan villages, Mao Fan villages, circulate the mu of soil about more than 4,000, plants organic crops；Jinzhai County is located at north latitude It is Hubei Province, Henan, Wan San provinces intersection between 31o061~31o481, east longitude 115o221~116o111；Dabie Mountain mountain range is by southwest Northeastward through whole area；Domestic The surrounding mountains are like the billows of the sea, and in length and breadth, mountain peak more than km has 116 in river；Hundred million Ns of Jinzhai County organic crops kind Specialty Co-operative Organization base category Jinzhai County Zhongshan District is planted, more than height above sea level 800m, the gradient is more between 30o~50o, and waterpower resourses are rich It is rich；Mineral reserve are verified in county to be had：150,000 tons of molybdenum ore reserves, 180,000 tons of lead zinc reserves, 10,000,000 tons of cement limestone reserves, granite storage Measure 800,000,000 cubes, 16,000,000 tons of potassium stone syenite, more than 50 ten thousand tons of kaolin, 5,000,000 tons of high-purity rare mineral dolomite reserves, 1,000,000 tons of porcelain ore reserve, 8,000,000 tons of graphite, more than 1,000,000 tons of quartz；Agricultural resource is very abundant：Chinese chestnut yield occupies the whole nation the One, Lu`an Guapian.Tea tealeaves is one of national emphasis Chan Cha counties, abounds with the valuable medicinals such as American Ginseng, Poria cocos, ganoderma lucidum, rhizoma Gastrodiae, is complete 22 medicinal material Base Counties of state, high mountain dish：The whole county is established with kidney bean, capsicum, tomato, ginger, high mountain wild rice stem, dish with lily etc. For 6.8 ten thousand mu of the production base of Variety comprehensive, annual production is up to 7.5 ten thousand tons.In addition, wild pollution-free food mangosteen bamboo shoot 5000 can be produced per year Ton, 1000 tons of wild kudzuvine root starch, 4000 tons of loosestrife, 800 tons of general's dish (bitter dish, day coriander), 1000 tons of fiddlehead.Special Breed： Hill covered with grass, lawn, careless slope resource are extremely enriched in county, pollution-free, are that the Special Breed such as Dabieshan Yellow Cattle, goat, aardvark, free range chicken are carried The feed of abundance is supplied, fine and tender taste, delicious flavour belongs to pure pollution-free food.Mulberry cocoon yield continuous 30 years is the hat of the whole province.The whole county Can 120,000 mu of surface dependency, the fishery -ies product of cultivation is by nuisanceless and pollution-free food certification, and Chinese scholartree gulf township is described as that " Anhui Province's net cage is supported The township of fish first "；Electric power energy：The kilowatt hour of whole county power station total installed capacity 270,000, the kilowatt hour of year surplus electric power 300,000,000, rich part is defeated Go out.For multi-level exploitation, ecological industry of the development with Basic-education, there is provided the environment of abundant plantation organic crops money Source condition.

Jinzhai County is old revolutinary base area, is general's cradle, has more than the people of major general's above military rank 59, corps level more than 80 people, in war In the age, 100,000 worthy sons and daughters bravery fight is that no sooner has one fallen than another steps into the breach for Founding of New China, indomitable, martyr's number accounts for Anhui Province martyr Number more than 1/5th.It is still at present one of poor county of China, plantation organic rice is development old area economy, progressively shakes off poverty and sets out on the road to prosperity and arrange One of apply.

Organic crops plantation fertilising does not allow to apply chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, regardless of whether what crop growth, growth are both needed to inhale Receive macronutrient：Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium；Middle amount nutrient：Calcium, magnesium, sulphur；Micronutrient element：Zinc, boron, molybdenum, Manganese, iron, copper, chlorine.Paddy rice must also absorb silicon.Soil must be surveyed, with applying biological organic fertilizer balance fertilizing.

Organic paddy rice plant balance fertilizing GPRS with native fixed output quota, with produce determine nitrogen, because it is scarce fill a vacancy, biological bacteria and organic fertilizer phase With reference to, suit measures to local conditions, N P and K silicon balance apply be principle.Base needs to absorb N per 100Kg paddy：2~2.4Kg, P2O5： 0.9~1.4Kg, K2O：2.5~3.8Kg.

First, base soil

1st, the accumulation of soil with organic matter and mineralising are the weights that matter and energy is circulated between soil and ecological environment Want link.The soil organism is one of important composition composition of soil fertility.

The soil organic matter content classification of Jinzhai County Tang Jiahui towns and area ratio：(area：hm2)

2nd, the nitrogen in soil mainly exists with organic, accounts for the 90% of total soil nitrogen amount, and the soil of these contents Nitrogen is main, and to be present in the form of macromolecular compound in the soil organism, crop is difficult to absorb, and belongs to late effect property nitrogen.Its Remaining part point then exists with the inorganic states of the form such as small molecule organic or ammonium state, nitre state and nitrous state, typically constitutes from total soil nitrogen Less than 10%, can directly it be absorbed by crop.Soil organic matter content is high, and total nitrogen content of soil is also high.

The total nitrogen content of soil classification of Jinzhai County Tang Jiahui towns and area ratio：(area：hm2)

3rd, the phosphorus in topsoil soils is general exists with two kinds of forms of Phos and organophosphor, and usual organophosphor accounts for full phosphorus amount 20%~50%, Phos accounts for the 50%~80% of full phosphorus amount.Diffluent phosphorus hydrochlorate and soil colloid absorption in the phosphorus of inorganic states Phosphate anion and organic form phosphorus in easy mineralising part by appellation soil available phosphorus, account for soil total phosphorus content 10% is left It is right.Soil available phosphorus is the important indicator for weighing soil nutrient capacity and strength level.

The soil available phosphorus content classification of Jinzhai County Tang Jiahui towns and area ratio：(area：hm2)

4th, the potassium in soil is generally divided into mineral potassium

Potassium in soil is generally divided into mineral potassium, slow potassium and the part of quick-acting potassium three.Mineral potassium accounts for soil The 96% of full potassium, is present in mineral lattice such as K-feldspar, mica, in a short time can not by crop utilization, merely through physics, Chemical process, is slowly released, supplement slow potassium and quick-acting potassium.Slow potassium (slowly available potassium) refers mainly to 2：1 type stratiform silicon A part of potassium of hydrochlorate mineral interlayer and grain edges, generally accounts for the 5% of full potassium amount, and it can be proposed with 1NHNO3, this part potassium The potassium absorbed with crop has substantial connection.Quick-acting potassium (available potassium) is included in the potassium and the soil liquid that are adsorbed by soil colloid Potassium, typically constitutes from the 1~2% of full potassium, can be absorbed by crops in a short time.

The Soil Available potassium content classification of Jinzhai County Tang Jiahui towns and area ratio：(area：hm2)

2nd, base is applied fertilizer

1st, organic fertilizer --- base and its periphery feces of livestock and poultry

(1), the sheep manure of cultivation：

Nitrogen content 0.95%, phosphorus content 0.35%, potassium content 1.00%.Nutrient content is high, decomposes fast, hot fertilizer.① Accumulate in circle, it is impossible to which dew shines, with going out with applying with blinding.2. with pig, cow dung mixed composite, fertilizer efficiency length, steady.Using microbial bacteria Group's (lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, saccharomycete, filamentous fungi wait more than 80 kinds of strain to be composited) fermentation.

Benefit：Same amount of sheep manure is applied in soil, and fertilizer efficiency is far above other animal manures.Its fertilizer instant effect, is easy to do and chases after Fertilizer.Sheep manure is the fertilizer of natural green, and sheep manure is more than other animal manures containing organic matter, and excrement matter is thinner, and nutriment in a fertilizer is dense, is green, ring The farm manure of guarantor.

(2), the cow dung of cultivation

Cow dung fertilizer efficiency is slow, category " cold property fertilizer ".

Moisture content 83.3% in fresh cow dung, organic matter 14.5%, nitrogen 0.32%, phosphorus 0.25%, potassium 0.16%, dry Matter 22.56%, crude protein 3.1%, crude fat 0.37%, crude fibre 9.84%, NFE 5.18%, calcium 0.32%, phosphorus 0.08%.Contain crude protein 13.74%, crude fat 1.65%, crude fibre 43.6%, NFE 22.94%, calcium in air-drying sample 1.40%, phosphorus 0.36%.Using microorganism species, (lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, saccharomycete, filamentous fungi wait more than 80 kinds of strain to answer Conjunction is formed) fermentation.

Benefit：Raw material production organic fertilizer is made of cow dung, cost is small, and quality is more stable.The fermenting speed of cow dung is fast, typically The thorough deodorization of cow dung, fermentation maturity, Pesticidal and sterilizing process can be completed within 7 days or so.Ferment the organic fertilizer, and fertilizer efficiency is good, makes With safe ready, do not result in burning root burn seedlings phenomenon, moreover it is possible to culture fertility, improve chemical fertilizer utilization ratio etc..

(3), the pig manure of cultivation

Pig manure quality is thinner, containing more organic matter and npk nutrient, and pig manure decomposes slower, suitably does base manure, one The excrement of head pig can increase production 200-300 jins of grain.It is not high that pig manure contains organic matter 15%, total nutrient content, and nitrogen 0.5~ 0.6%th, phosphorus 0.45~0.5%, potassium 0.35~0.45%.The quality of pig manure is thinner, and composition is more complicated, containing protein, fats, Organic acid, cellulose, hemicellulose and inorganic salts.Pig manure is more containing nitrogen, and carbon-nitrogen ratio is smaller by (14：1), general easy quilt Microorganism decomposition, discharges the nutrient that can be absorbed for crop.Using microorganism species (lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, yeast Bacterium, filamentous fungi, wait more than 80 kinds of strain to be composited) fermentation.

Benefit：Pig manure after fermentation will not carry out secondary fermentation again due to fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, and prevent to burn root burn seedlings phenomenon Produce, it is safer；What fermentation process also can directly utilize larger molecular organicses decomposition and inversion contained in pig manure for crop Inorganic salts and mineral matter, and generate bacterial metabolism product；The process of fermentation process or a biological deodorizing, after fermentation Pig manure fertilizer, is destitute of smell, and uses more convenient.Nitrogen is easily decomposed, and protein, urea, amino acid, uric acid etc. will be converted into Ammonium salt and nitrate, are extremely easy in decomposition and are lost in.Phosphorous higher, phosphorous compound is easily converted into phosphorus in the presence of microorganism Acid and phosphate.Potassium is mostly water-soluble potassium, is easily absorbed by crops.

(4), the chicken manure of cultivation

Contain abundant nutrition, wherein crude protein 18.7%, fat 2.5%, ash content 13%, carbohydrate in chicken manure 11%th, fiber 7%, the content of organic matter 25.5%, nitrogenous 2.34%, phosphorus 2.32%, potassium 0.83%, be 4.1 times of pig manure respectively, 5.1 times and 1.8 times.Using microorganism species, (lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, saccharomycete, filamentous fungi wait more than 80 kinds of strain to be combined Into) fermentation.

Benefit：Many organic colloids were both added using chicken manure fertilizer, while by the effect of microorganism many organic Also decomposition and inversion is into organic colloid for thing, and this just considerably increases adsorption by soil surface, and produces many sticky matters, makes soil Granular cementation, which gets up, becomes the crumb structure of stabilization, improves soil water-retaining, fertilizer conservation and ventilative performance, and regulation soil temperature The ability of degree.

2nd, earthworm fertilizer

Before human future to the earth, the earthworm ploughing and weeding earth 1 years.The various organic wastes warp of nature It is rapid to decompose in the presence of earthworm digestive system protease, the anti-enzyme of fat, cellulase and amylase after fermentation, transform into certainly Body is easy to the nutriment that other biological is utilized, and turns into wormcast after excretion.Therefore, wormcast be in essence it is big from Right product, really can comprehensively meet the various demands and nutritional ingredient of plant growth, there is fabulous mystery to plant Fertilizer efficiency.Wormcast at any concentration, even very enervated seed either bed plant all without because excessive by Burn, when you have used this free from extraneous odour, during to people and animals and plant without the natural material burnt, you can sigh with feeling nature again Magical strength.Biologist Darwin once said " not having fertile soil in addition to earthworm faecal pellet ".

The composition of wormcast：Full nitrogen 0.95~2.5%, full phosphorus 1.1~2.9%, full potassium 0.96~2.2%, organic matter 25 ~38%, humus 21~40% ,/gram of/gram of profitable strain 20,000,000~200,000,000, pH value 6.8~7.1；The micro member of mineral matter Cellulose content (μ g/g) iron (Fe) 3100~3200, manganese (Mn) 210~250, zinc (Zn) 2.5~3.1, copper (Cu) 20.1~21.1, Magnesium (Mg) 8400~8530；Amino acid content (%), the amino acid contained species of wormcast is between 16~18 kinds, in air dry matter Content is as follows：Asparatate 0.50~0.60, threonine 0.20~0.35, serine 0.30~0.51, glutamic acid 0.40~ 0.65, glycine 0.10~0.20, alanine 0.35~0.75, valine 0.30~0.40, methionine 0.10~0.15 is different bright Propylhomoserin 0.15~0.18, leucine 0.25~0.33, tyrosine 0.10~0.15, phenylalanine 0.20~0.25, lysine 0.18~0.23, histidine 0.00~0.10, proline 0.16~0.19, cystine 0.00~0.12, tryptophan 0.20~ 0.23, arginine 0.11~0.16；Content of microorganisms：Earthworm feedstuff uses microorganism species (lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, yeast Bacterium, filamentous fungi, wait more than 80 kinds of strain to be composited) fermentation, after gizzard is ground in earthworm body, its surface area increases Plus, it is easy to microorganism to its rapid conversion, in whole digestion process, microorganism and earthworm interdependence promote mutually, both sharp Nutrition is absorbed in earthworm, and is increased sharply beneficial to beneficial microorganism.There are some researches show the microorganism total amount in wormcast is even Quantity when entering earthworm body can be exceeded.After testing, wormcast beneficial microbe content/gram of 20,000,000/gram~200,000,000 it Between.Antagonistic microbe：After testing, under normal circumstances containing at least two plants antagonistic microbes (styreptomyces globispotus strain and fourths in wormcast Fragrant glycosides streptomycete), there is certain control action to soil-borne fungus plant disease.

The soil of general breeding earthworm just became efficient bumper harvest field by 3 years.Estimate according to U.S. scientific research personnel：Every mu 1,000,000 earthworms are put in garden mould equivalent to 3 seasoned gardeners's (daily crop rotation 8 hours) are often employed every year, 10 tons of fertilizer are also corresponded to Soil is applied, this 1,000,000 earthworms are equivalent to 3 labours and the value of 10 tons of fertilizer, it is seen that the fertility and transformation soil of wormcast The ability of earth is fine.

3rd, green manuring, implements organic rice, Chinese milk vetch crop rotation

Green manuring Chinese milk vetch, Chinese milk vetch is also known as Chinese milk vetch, and seedling stage happiness fasciation, branch is generally more than 5, main root fertilizer Greatly, there are 5~10 seeds per pod, plant skin hard.Chinese milk vetch likes warm and moist, is germinateed during less than 5 DEG C or higher than 30 DEG C difficult, it Early growth is slow, and late growing stage is fast, is grown quickly when spring is average 10~15 DEG C.It is not drought-enduring intolerant to stain, so to plant in energy On the field of irrigation and drainage.Its suitable acid-base value is pH5.2~7.5, and soil pH value wants liming less than 4.4.Chinese milk vetch become thoroughly decomposed with Afterwards, every mu can provide 7 kilograms of purity nitrogens, 1 kilogram of phosphorus pentoxide, 4 kilograms of potassium oxides, can reduce the fertilizer amount of second stubble crop, Control the Plan Pollution Sources, additionally aid fertilizing soil, increase soil organic matter of cultivated land content, build up fertility and output capacity.

4th, rice straw returning to the field

Rice straw, rich in there is a variety of nutrients such as organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, is that one kind serves many purposes Renewable biological source.According to measuring, every mu of 500 kilograms of returning to the field stalk, equivalent to using 2500 kilograms of farmyard manure, carbon ammonium 11.7 kilograms, 6.2 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 4.75 kilograms of potassium sulfate.Or equivalent to apply 7 kilograms of urea, 6 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, Soil organic matter content is relative after 6 kilograms, 1 year of potash fertilizer improves 0.05%~0.23%, and phosphorus content averagely improves 0.03%, speed Potassium increase 31.2PPM is imitated, the soil weight declines 0.03~0.16g/cm3 soil porosities and improves 2%~4%.Enter for years The arable land of row straw-returning, can not only improve phosphorus utilization and supplement soil potassium is not enough, and soil fertility can also improve 0.5~1 etc. Level.After straw-returning, average every mu of amount of increase in production is more than 10%.

3rd, seedling special preparation is strengthened using seedling

It is to integrate nutrition, sterilization, acid adjustment, the strong seedling special preparation of Novel sprout cultivation regulated and controled that special dose of seedling is strengthened in seedling, Applied down before rice growing, it is just disposable to complete the operation procedures such as fertilising, soil acid adjustment, soil disinfection, seedling recruitment is not only saved, And significantly improve seedling quality.The generation of rice shoot damping-off and rotten and dead seedlings effectively is prevented, 20~30Kg/ of paddy can be increased production Mu.

Summary：Base and its periphery are just without Animal manure loss, fertile soil good farmland, the strong production height of seedling, environment-protecting long-life.

The content of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of fertilizing method of high mountain kind organic rice.

The technical scheme is that：

A kind of fertilizing method of high mountain kind organic rice, it is characterised in that including herein below：Seedling is strengthened using seedling during seedling Special preparation seedling；When transplanting crop field, with become thoroughly decomposed innoxious organic fertilizer and earthworm fertilizer as base manure and topdressing；Planting base owns Rice terrace using rice straw returning to the field and plantation Chinese milk vetch, implements organic rice, Chinese milk vetch crop rotation；Mu, which is applied, becomes thoroughly decomposed innoxious organic 150~200 kilograms of fertilizer, wherein 60% makees base manure, 40% topdresses；Mu applies 150~200 kilograms of earthworm fertilizer, and base manure 70% topdresses 30%.

The fertilizing method of described high mountain kind organic rice, it is characterised in that the compound method of described dry rice seedling fertilizer is as follows： Applied in every square metre of seedbed on the basis of 5~6 kilograms of decomposed manures, with rice seedling nutrient agent, 1.4-1.6 kilograms adds dry fine earth 18- 19 kilograms, after fully puddling, uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in 20 square meter bed soil surfaces, then harrow with rake the even soil in 2~3 centimetres of depths repeatedly In layer, permeable progress sowing and earthing are then poured.

The fertilizing method of described high mountain kind organic rice, it is characterised in that：The preparation of the described innoxious organic fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed Method, comprises the following steps：

(1) by microorganism species, sugar, water according to 1：0.5：30-40 mass ratio, is activated 3~8 hours, every during activation It was sufficiently stirred for once every 1 hour, activation can add appropriate water after finishing and uniformly mix, filter out sediment, be activated Composite bacteria liquid, it is standby；

(2) ox come, pig, chicken manure will be collected to mix in any proportion, the water content of mixed material is transferred to 50%~ 60%, the bacterium solution for then again obtaining step (1) handles 5~7 tons of feces of livestock and poultry by per kilogram composite bacteria liquid, is equably sprayed onto Onto material, stir, pile bar formula dunghill, carry out aerobic fermentation, one time windrow is no less than 3 cubes, when environment temperature is low When 15 DEG C, with film or straw screen or mat covering and heat insulating, it is impossible to which covering is too tight, and stationary point space allows air to enter, the bar formula dunghill Highly 0.8 meter -1.5 meters, 1.2 meters of width, length is not limited with place；

(3) after fermenting 2~3 days, a turning need to be carried out to material, when temperature is up to more than 60 DEG C, needs turning again, Whole fermentation process needs turning 2~3 times, after fermentation 7~10 days, when material is loose, be destitute of smell, heap temperature drop to 45 DEG C with Under, there is white hypha on top layer, that is, shows fermentation maturity success, the innoxious organic fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed has been obtained, if fermentation process, because of day Gas reason external environment condition is too hot, when fermentation materials are not easy radiating and cooling, can suitably make thinner, and drying in the air 5~10 hours can be fast Fast radiating and cooling；

(4) according to the harmless treatment sheep manure, the sheep manure after being fermented of being fermented the step of above-mentioned (1)-(3).

The fertilizing method of described high mountain kind organic rice, it is characterised in that described earthworm fertilizer is by following method system ：1.8-2.2 meters of cow dung heap growth after becoming thoroughly decomposed, 0.8-1.2 meters of width, high 30-40 centimetres of dunghill are loose with creeper daily Uppermost cow dung, is about shone to aqueous in 55-65%, is put into earthworm kind, and spawning kind earthworm 2.8-3.2 ten thousand can be put into per heap excrement Bar, an earthworm excrement was collected every 10 days and earthworm cocoon is separately opened a pile and hatched, and can so ensure that every batch of earthworm size specification is consistent, Find that earthworm argol will spray activation flora liquid in time during cultivating, typically every spray in 3~5 days once, obtain earthworm fertilizer.

The fertilizing method of described high mountain kind organic rice, it is characterised in that：The concrete operations of described rice straw returning to the field For：Rice straw is shredded to 5-15cm first, then returning to the field, every mu is returned 300 kilograms~400 kilograms, after by activation Complex microorganism bacterium solution is sprayed on rice straw, every mu spray 60~80 grams, 5~6 days after turn over, you can.

The fertilizing method of described high mountain kind organic rice, it is characterised in that：It is described plantation Chinese milk vetch specific requirement be： Late crop corn full heading time is sowing in 23-26 days before harvest, according to a conventional method by safflower grass seed through basking seeds, wiping kind, seed soaking, Preceding rice field Yao Luhao fields are sowed, ponding is prevented, arid field will fill water of once having a ride on a horse, every mu of 1.2-1.6 kilograms of application rate.

The fertilizing method of described high mountain kind organic rice, it is characterised in that：Described seedling strengthens seedling special preparation by following The component of parts by weight is mixed to prepare：Ammonium sulfate 40-50, urea 4-6, diammonium hydrogen phosphate 4-6, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 15-20, potassium chloride 8-10, siliceous fertilizer 2-3, ferrous sulfate 1-1.5, EDTA chelating calcium 0.2-0.5, EDTA chelated magnesium 0.2-0.3, EDTA chelated zinc 0.2- 0.4th, fulvic acid 1-2, sodium humate 1-2, plant ash 6-8, bio-bacterial manure pulvis 0.02-0.03, Sodium Polyacrylate 0.2-0.4, Malic acid 1-1.2, paclobutrazol 0.02-0.04, carbendazim 0.1-0.3, shrubby sophora extract 0.01-0.03, brown sugar 0.2-0.3, fill Divide and be obtained by mixing.

Described microorganism species are EM bacterium.

Beneficial effect

1st, the fertilizing method fertilizer efficiency of high mountain kind organic rice of the invention is good, and cost is low：Whole fertilising process is all using certainly The organic fertilizer of system, mainly uses the existing resource in base, i.e. base and its periphery feces of livestock and poultry, is used microorganism species Fermented, obtain fermented livestock dejection organic fertilizer, ferment the organic fertilizer, fertilizer efficiency is good, safe and convenient to use, does not result in burning Root burn seedlings phenomenon, moreover it is possible to culture fertility, improves chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, and cost is low；

2nd, this fertilizing method can transform the ability of soil, and the present invention utilizes fermented cow dung breeding earthworm, obtains wormcast, Again using wormcast as base manure and application rice field of topdressing, the fertility of wormcast and the ability of transformation soil are all fine, can be fine Transformation base rice field soil capacity；

3rd, this fertilizing method can increase soil organic matter of cultivated land content, build up fertility and output capacity：This method green manuring, Implement organic rice, Chinese milk vetch crop rotation, the Chinese milk vetch of plantation can reduce the fertilizer amount of second stubble crop after becoming thoroughly decomposed, chain of command source is dirty Dye, additionally aids fertilizing soil, increases soil organic matter of cultivated land content, builds up fertility and output capacity, straw-returning can not only be improved Phosphorus utilization and supplement soil potassium are not enough, and soil fertility can also improve 0.5~1 grade；

4th, this fertilizing method can improve environment, reduce environmental pollution：The present invention receives the feces of livestock and poultry on base and periphery Collection ferments there is provided pollution of the feces of livestock and poultry to environment while fertilizer material, is eliminated again, by rice straw returning to the field, is both Fertilizer material is provided and is also a cancellation the environmental pollution that burning straw is caused.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

1st, by classification centralized management base and collection base periphery feces of livestock and poultry, several harmless treatments is carried out, that is, are sprayed Spill by per kilogram (lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, saccharomycete, filamentous fungi wait more than 80 kinds of strain to be composited) compound bacteria processing 5~ Cow dung, pig manure, chicken manure, innoxious organic fertilizer is made in 7 tons of feces of livestock and poultry, the composite bacteria liquid being made, fermentation maturity.Sheep manure list Solely handle and topdress by preceding method.Mu applies innoxious 150~200 kilograms of the organic fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and 60% makees base manure, and 40% topdresses.

2nd, all rice terraces in base are using rice straw returning to the field and the technology of plantation Chinese milk vetch (Chinese milk vetch), and rice straw is cut Broken 300 kilograms~400 kgs/acre of returning to the field, plantation Chinese milk vetch (Chinese milk vetch), broadcasts 1~1.5 kilogram of seed/mu.Rice straw is shredded 10cm or so returning to the field will be turned over first 5~6 days, mu spray 60~80 grams of complex microbial communities (lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, saccharomycete, Filamentous fungi, waits more than 80 kinds of strain to be composited) bacterium solution that is made.

3rd, dry rice seedling：Applied in every square metre of seedbed on the basis of 5~6 kilograms of decomposed manures, the special system of seedling is strengthened with seedling 1.5 kilograms of agent plus dry 18.5 kilograms of fine earth, after fully puddling, uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in 20 square meter bed soil surfaces, then with rake repeatedly Rake is even in the soil layer of 2~3 centimetres of depths, then pours permeable sowed and earthing.Seedling disposably completes fertilising, soil and adjusted The operation procedures such as acid, soil disinfection and chemical regulation, not only save seedling recruitment, and significantly improve seedling quality.Effectively The generation of rice shoot damping-off and rotten and dead seedlings is prevented, 20~30Kg/ mus of paddy can be increased production.Wherein seedling strengthens seedling special preparation under The component of row weight (kg) is mixed to prepare：Ammonium sulfate 45, urea 5, diammonium hydrogen phosphate 5, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 16, potassium chloride 9, siliceous fertilizer 2.5th, ferrous sulfate 1.3, EDTA chelatings calcium 0.3, EDTA chelated magnesiums 0.25, EDTA chelated zincs 0.3, fulvic acid 1.5, sodium humate 1.5th, plant ash 7, bio-bacterial manure pulvis 0.025, Sodium Polyacrylate 0.3, malic acid 1.1, paclobutrazol 0.03, carbendazim 0.2, hardship Conopsea extraction 0.02, brown sugar 0.25, are sufficiently mixed and obtain.

4th, earthworm fertilizer：Mu applies 150~200 kilograms, base manure 70%, topdresses 30%, in the absence of common organic fertilizer because incomplete Fermentation has peculiar smell, or even foreign odor, and the problem of depositing secondary fermentation after application and cause burn seedlings is easily absorbed by plants.Rich in corruption Phytic acid and substantial amounts of beneficial microbe bacterium, 18 kinds of amino acid and various trace elements, also contain antagonistic microbe, soil-borne disease can be suppressed Evil, and common organic fertilizer is not present this microorganism.

5th, the method that cow dung cultivating earthworm obtains earthworm fertilizer：

2 meters of cow dung heap growth, wide 1 meter, 35 centimetres of height (thickness) dunghill after becoming thoroughly decomposed.Daily with the loose the top of creeper Cow dung after becoming thoroughly decomposed, about shine to fifty percent it is dry when can be put into earthworm kind.Spawning kind earthworm 30,000 can be put into per heap excrement, every 10 It collects an earthworm excrement and earthworm cocoon is separately opened a pile and hatched, and can so ensure that every batch of earthworm size specification is consistent.In the cultivation phase Between find that earthworm argol will spray activation flora liquid in time.It is general to be sprayed once every 3~5 days.The earthworm life raised by the above process Long fast, the earthworm cocoon of output is more and big.But it is noted that：Cow dung must just can be used to support with aqueous after becoming thoroughly decomposed 60% or so Earthworm.After dealing with earthworm, the full nitrogen of cow dung, available nitrogen, full phosphorus, the content of organic matter have all risen.The growth of earthworm and numerous Decomposition and conversion that activity accelerates nutrient in cow dung are grown, cow dung is improved as a kind of fertility of organic fertilizer.

Breeding earthworm, in order to obtain high yield, it has to be noted that：1st, temperature, the active temperature of earthworm in the range of 5-30 DEG C, 0-5 DEG C enter resting state, and less than 0 DEG C dead, and optimum temperature is 20-27 DEG C or so, now can preferably grow hair Educate and breed.At 28-30 DEG C, certain growth can be maintained；Grow and stop at more than 32 DEG C；Activity is blunt at less than 10 DEG C；40 It is dead when more than DEG C, most suitable 18-27 DEG C of earthworm cocoon hatching；2nd, humidity, the optimum humidity of procreation enviroment is 70-75%；3rd, acid-base value (pH value), puts down greatly No. 2 earthworms and is grown in the range of pH value 6-8 preferably, most in the scope production earthworm cocoon of pH value 7-7.5；4、 Salinity, in the experiment restrained oneself from earthworm salinity, it should be noted that influence of the salinity to earthworm, especially prevents some agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer The murder by poisoning to earthworm such as (copper sulphate) harmful pollution；5th, ventilate, the hydrogen sulfide of earthworm such as habitat, methane is excessive, earthworm meeting Escape or even mortality.Therefore, feed will fully ferment before feeding.When feed after fermentation is preferably smash by turning over, places one section Between after again feed；6th, illumination, blue light has stimulation to earthworm, and feux rouges does not have then, and ultraviolet light is harmful to.So farming site should avoid the sun Light direct beam, preferably raises and lights a red fluorescent lamp indoors；7th, density, with box cultivation breeding density highest, one In square metre area, 25 centimetres of high culture mediums can breeding density be：Earthworm 1.5-2 ten thousand is planted, hatches to half monthly age, can put in a suitable place to breed 8-10 ten thousand, two weeks to adult can put 3-6.5 ten thousand in a suitable place to breed.If increasing cultivation density, earthworm normal growth hair will be limited Educate and breed, yield will be reduced.So expanding culturing bed in good time in breeding earthworm, cultivation density is adjusted, earthworm is taken out into, this It is the effective measures for improving yield；8th, food, influence of the food to earthworm, not only shows in the quantity of food, and embodies In the quality of food.For example using animal manure as the earthworm of food, they produce earthworm cocoon number, than being food with roughage (such as weeds) Earthworm of the same race wants many more than ten times to arrive hundred times.

6th, the fertilizer manufacturing method of feces of livestock and poultry, comprises the following steps：

1st, by microorganism species (lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, saccharomycete, filamentous fungi wait more than 80 kinds of strain to be composited), Brown sugar (white sugar), water are according to 1：0.5：30 ratio, activates 3~8 hours, was sufficiently stirred for once every 1 hour during activation, living Change can add appropriate water after finishing and uniformly mix, filter out sediment, standby；

2nd, ox, pig, chicken manure are mixed into heap, one time windrow is no less than 3 sides, and material is not easy to heat up successfully very little, then, and compost is high 0.8 meter -1.5 meters of degree, 1.2 meters of width, the bar formula aerobic fermentation that length is not limited.Will material moisture be fermented regulation to 50%~ 60% (hand exert oneself to pinch material it is agglomerating have watermark, do not drip, loosing one's grip dissipates.), then bacterium solution is equably sprayed onto on material again , stir, when below 15 DEG C of environment temperature, covered with film or straw screen or mat, need to cover too tight, stationary point space allows air Into sheep manure is also disposed by this method；

3rd, after fermenting 2~3 days, a turning is carried out to material, when temperature is up to more than 60 degree, turning again is needed, entirely Process turning 2~3 times, once a day turning, convenient radiating.7~10 days fermentation maturities.If fermentation process, because of weather reason External environment condition is too hot, when fermentation materials are not easy radiating and cooling, can suitably make thinner, and drying in the air 5~10 hours can quick heat radiating Cooling.

Fermentation maturity Success Flag：Material is loose, be destitute of smell, heap temperature drops to less than 45 DEG C, and there is white hypha on top layer.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of fertilizing method of high mountain kind organic rice, it is characterised in that including herein below：It is special using the strong seedling of seedling during seedling Use preparation seedling；When transplanting crop field, with become thoroughly decomposed innoxious organic fertilizer and earthworm fertilizer as base manure and topdressing；All water in planting base Using rice straw returning to the field and plantation Chinese milk vetch, implement organic rice, Chinese milk vetch crop rotation in rice field；Mu applies the innoxious organic fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed 150~200 kilograms, wherein 60% makees base manure, 40% topdresses；Mu applies 150~200 kilograms of earthworm fertilizer, base manure 70%, topdresses 30%.

2. the fertilizing method of high mountain kind organic rice according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described dry rice seedling is fertile to match somebody with somebody Method processed is as follows：On the basis of applying 5~6 kilograms of decomposed manures in every square metre of seedbed, with 1.4-1.6 kilograms of rice seedling nutrient agent Plus dry 18-19 kilograms of fine earth, after fully puddling, uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in 20 square meter bed soil surfaces, then harrowed repeatedly with rake it is even in 2~ In the soil layer of 3 centimetres of depths, permeable progress sowing and earthing are then poured.

3. the fertilizing method of high mountain kind organic rice according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described become thoroughly decomposed innoxious has The preparation method of machine fertilizer, comprises the following steps：

（1）By microorganism species, sugar, water according to 1：0.5：30-40 mass ratio, is activated 3~8 hours, every 1 during activation Hour is sufficiently stirred for once, and activation can add appropriate water after finishing and uniformly mix, filter out sediment, obtains activation compound Bacterium solution, it is standby；

（2）The ox come, pig, chicken manure will be collected to mix in any proportion, the water content of mixed material 50%~60% is transferred to, then Again by step（1）The bacterium solution of acquisition, handles 5~7 tons of feces of livestock and poultry by per kilogram composite bacteria liquid, is equably sprayed onto on material, Stir, pile bar formula dunghill, carry out aerobic fermentation, one time windrow is no less than 3 cubes, when environment temperature is less than 15 DEG C, With film or straw screen or mat covering and heat insulating, it is impossible to which covering is too tight, and stationary point space allows air to enter, 0.8 meter of the height of the bar formula dunghill- 1.5 meters, 1.2 meters of width, length is not limited with place；

（3）After fermenting 2~3 days, a turning need to be carried out to material, when temperature is up to more than 60 DEG C, need turning again, entirely Fermentation process needs turning 2~3 times, after fermentation 7~10 days, when material is loose, be destitute of smell, heap temperature drops to less than 45 DEG C, There is white hypha on top layer, that is, shows fermentation maturity success, the innoxious organic fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed has been obtained, if fermentation process, because of weather Reason external environment condition is too hot, when fermentation materials are not easy radiating and cooling, can suitably make thinner, and drying in the air 5~10 hours can be quick Radiating and cooling；

（4）According to above-mentioned（1）-（3）The step of ferment harmless treatment sheep manure, the sheep manure after being fermented.

4. the fertilizing method of high mountain kind organic rice according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described earthworm fertilizer is to pass through Following method is made：1.8-2.2 meters of cow dung heap growth after becoming thoroughly decomposed, 0.8-1.2 meters of width, high 30-40 centimetres of dunghill, daily With the loose uppermost cow dung of creeper, about shine to aqueous in 55-65%, be put into earthworm kind, spawning kind earthworm can be put into per heap excrement 2.8-3.2 ten thousand, an earthworm excrement was collected every 10 days and earthworm cocoon is separately opened a pile and hatched, and can so ensure every batch of earthworm size Specification is consistent, finds that earthworm argol will spray activation flora liquid in time during cultivating, typically every spray in 3~5 days once, obtains earthworm Earthworm fertilizer.

5. the fertilizing method of high mountain kind organic rice according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described rice straw returning to the field Concrete operations be：Rice straw is shredded to 5-15cm first, then returning to the field, every mu is returned 300 kilograms~400 kilograms, Be sprayed in the complex microorganism bacterium solution after by activation on rice straw, every mu spray 60~80 grams, 5~6 days after turn over, you can.

6. the fertilizing method of high mountain kind organic rice according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The tool of the plantation Chinese milk vetch Body is required：Sowed within 23-26 days before late crop corn full heading time is harvest, according to a conventional method by safflower grass seed through basking seeds, wiping Kind, seed soaking, sow preceding rice field Yao Luhao fields, prevent ponding, arid field will fill water of once having a ride on a horse, every mu of application rate 1.2- 1.6 kilogram.

7. the fertilizing method of high mountain kind organic rice according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is special that seedling is strengthened in described seedling Preparation is mixed to prepare by the component of following parts by weight：Ammonium sulfate 40-50, urea 4-6, diammonium hydrogen phosphate 4-6, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 15-20, potassium chloride 8-10, siliceous fertilizer 2-3, ferrous sulfate 1-1.5, EDTA chelating calcium 0.2-0.5, EDTA chelated magnesium 0.2- 0.3rd, EDTA chelated zincs 0.2-0.4, fulvic acid 1-2, sodium humate 1-2, plant ash 6-8, bio-bacterial manure pulvis 0.02- 0.03rd, Sodium Polyacrylate 0.2-0.4, malic acid 1-1.2, paclobutrazol 0.02-0.04, carbendazim 0.1-0.3, shrubby sophora extract 0.01-0.03, brown sugar 0.2-0.3, are sufficiently mixed and obtain.

8. the fertilizing method of high mountain kind organic rice according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described microorganism species are EM bacterium.