CN105557235B - Utilize the method for the organic cucurbita pepo of winter Protected production - Google Patents
Utilize the method for the organic cucurbita pepo of winter Protected production Download PDFInfo
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- CN105557235B CN105557235B CN201410545104.0A CN201410545104A CN105557235B CN 105557235 B CN105557235 B CN 105557235B CN 201410545104 A CN201410545104 A CN 201410545104A CN 105557235 B CN105557235 B CN 105557235B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method using the organic cucurbita pepo of winter Protected production; it is in the winter protecting field of the lowest temperature >=2 DEG C; excellent organic bumpkin hybrid generation kind that selection cold-resistant, winter growth are vigorous, disease resistance is got bumper crops by force again; pure natural male pollen is carried out to award with knot melon; purification soil, crop rotation, entire Growing season application of organic fertilizers; without chemical pesticide control pest and disease damage, bear fruit without hormonal stimulation.The present invention specifies the specific rule and the limit (lowest temperature >=2 DEG C) that cucurbita pepo is yielded positive results under the conditions of low temperature and poor light for the first time, solves the problems, such as winter organic melon (cucurbita pepo) production, bear fruit without using hormonal stimulation, full planting process is only awarded with pure natural male pollen in this rural area with knot melon.This method is easy, does not increase production cost, and easily operated and popularization goes out real cucurbita pepo organic food melon by winter Protected production, yield is close with general planting method, and the quality and quality of organic food melon has but been effectively ensured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to organic vegetable field of planting, specifically, being related to a kind of utilization organic west of winter Protected production
The method of cucurbit.
Background technique
Cucurbita pepo plantation is more universal in winter protecting field.Due to the difference in geographical location, various regions plantation is various informative.North
Side mostly uses heliogreenhouse, and Central China is mostly the big or middle cold canopy of monofilm, and south uses Small plastic shed.Conventional production is generallyd use at present
Mode, continuous cropping continuous cropping, using pesticide and chemical fertilizer, the phase of bearing fruit uses hormonal stimulation.
With the concern of the food-safe problem of people, gradually recognize that organic food is conducive to health.Currently, in the world
Generally acknowledged organic foodstuff production requirement: soil cannot use the violated objects such as chemical pesticide, chemical fertilizer in 3 years；Buffer area is set；No
Transgenic seed or other insalubrious additives can be used.In addition, it is raw to introduce genetically engineered biological/transgenosis
Object, cannot use plant growth regulator, and nutrient solution is cultivated etc..
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is being directed to the winter of China's cold, provide under cryogenic a kind of raw using winter protecting field
The method for producing organic cucurbita pepo.
In order to achieve the object of the present invention, a kind of method using the organic cucurbita pepo of winter Protected production of the invention,
It is in the winter protecting field of the lowest temperature >=2 DEG C, selection cold-resistant, winter growth are vigorous, the excellent of high yield has disease resistance again by force
Machine bumpkin hybrid generation kind carries out natural male pollen and awards with knot melon, and purification soil (such as ploughs deeply agric 30-35cm
It is deep), crop rotation, entire Growing season application of organic fertilizers does not have to chemical pesticide control pest and disease damage, bears fruit without hormonal stimulation.
Wherein, the winter protecting field did not applied chemical fertilizer, chemical pesticide in 3 years or planted genetically modified crops.It is described
Organic fertilizer is sufficiently decomposed people and animals, poultry manure or natural pond fertilizer.
Method above-mentioned carries out 45 DEG C or more high temperature close plastic sheds, kills germ and pest, and with 60 mesh every worm gauze before planting
Protection reduces disease pest harm.
It is preferred that preventing and treating pest and disease damage using measure of biotic control and physical control.For example, anti-eliminate aphis uses capsicum water or graceful
Top sieve soak；It prevents and treats aleyrodid and uses yellow haftplatte；At the initial stage for preventing and treating powdery mildew, it is dense that mass percent is sprayed to above-ground plant parts
Degree is the sodium bicarbonate solution of 0.2-0.3% (preferably 0.2%), and 3 days primary, even spray 5-6 times.
Inventor has found bloom seat of the cucurbita pepo in winter under low temperature and less sunshine environmental condition in the production practices of many years
Fruit rule: under the conditions of normal temperature, light environment, the male and female flowering of cucurbita pepo be before daily dawn in morning half an hour arrive
It synchronizes within 1 hour and starts to open.Male flower anther goes out powder during opening, and smearing after fertilization on the female chapiter of mucus can sit
Melon is grown up.But in the case where shining in low temperature short-day season and the low widow of temperature, rule has some variations.Early spring, rear autumn and entire
Winter, the normal female, male flower of differentiation, development under control environment condition (8 DEG C of temperature >, corresponding 13 DEG C of 10cm ground temperature >), when
In grown place at 8 DEG C of morning lowest temperature >, early-morning flowering is normal, and male powder is sufficient, the normal knot melon smeared and can produce bank up the roots of seedlings；6-8℃
When (corresponding 11-13 DEG C of ground temperature), flowering time can be postponed (such as to become the morning 7 in winter by 4 points of morning early summer
Point), male powder is normal, and the tender melon of commodity can only be made by only awarding after matching, then without reproduction ability；When 2-5 DEG C (corresponding 8-10 DEG C of ground temperature), no
The state that female, male flower cannot open can successively occur in cold-resistant variety, though and cold-resistant variety can continue female, male flower opening, opening
Moment is slower.When normal pollination operation (such as winter 8 a.m. clock or so), female flower generally can be opened largely, the hero of yellow maturity
Flower is then opened or is not opened, without powder corolla splits.With gradually rising for the temperature of daytime or second day, male flower hat is split
After opening or carrying out, male powder just occurs, and can pollinate.According to practical experience, the male powder morning does not go out to go out afternoon, and the same day does not go out then next day
Out.Within two days effectively, the column cap on the same day or open female flower yesterday is smeared with it, can be tied as usual melon, be grown up.If two days do not open
Listless flower is preced with to wither.It can avoid producing real organic food melon using hormonal stimulation completely.In addition, it has been found that can female, male flower
Opening to remove mainly has with temperature outside the Pass, also related with illumination, the low temperature in 2 DEG C of the low temperature in continuous sunny and continuous cloudy day
5 DEG C, reaction is likely to approximate.The heliogreenhouse of north of china in winter, the lowest temperature can generally be maintained at 2 DEG C or more.Morning
The lowest temperature long period is in 2-8 DEG C, though the knot melon that can pollinate, easily causes later melon strain " flower topping ", shortens the knot melon phase.
The lowest temperature index of safety is 8 DEG C of >, and ground temperature corresponding thereto is 13 DEG C of >.
The present invention strictly selects kind: it is required that selecting cold-resistant low light tolerance, robust growth, high mildew-resistance gray mold and stem rot
Disease, the knot organic pumpkin variety of outstanding first-filial generation (non-transgenic kind) that melon is more, color is good.
This method organic fertilizer is not to fertilize: disposably using sufficient organic base fertilizer, does not have to chemical fertilizer.Organic base fertilizer is with sufficiently
Decomposed people and animals, poultry manure (such as chicken manure or pig manure), appropriate natural pond fertilizer can be used in the side 6-8, conditional place per acre.
The present invention uses soil sanitation, crop rotation, and ploughs deeply: disobeying in planting site 3 years without using chemical pesticide, chemical fertilizer etc.
Prohibited cargo did not planted melon and genetically modified crops.It is deep to plough deeply agric 30-35cm (preferably 33cm), so that cucurbita pepo plant
It takes root more, take root deeply, extensively inhale rich water.
The present invention is sterilized using high temperature close plastic shed: choose the right moment 45 DEG C or more high temperature close plastic sheds of progress before cultivation, kill germ and
Part pest.
The present invention is protected using insect prevention gauze, reduces mitigation pest and disease damage: nursery and entire growth period to the greatest extent, planting facility
Key position (such as the place of leaking informaton of day room and cold big or middle canopy) or whole (such as Small plastic sheds) are protected and are covered with the insect prevention gauze of 60 mesh
Sternly, the infringement of aphid, aleyrodid, Liriomyza etc. is isolated, it is also just effectively anti-in addition to virosis etc., reduce laxative prevention and treatment.
This method does not use any chemical pesticide, and accidental pest and disease damage: winter is prevented and treated with measure of biotic control and physical control
Season, pest and disease damage was natively less, then using high temperature close plastic shed, it is severe select excellent high disease-resistant variety and cover insect prevention gauze three always arrange
Shi Hou notices that the hydrofuge that leaks informaton, the main diseases and insect pests in cucurbita pepo winter can be prevented and kill off substantially plant in addition after.Just in case even have generation, then auxiliary
Prevented and treated with measure of biotic control and physical control.Such as eliminate aphis available capsicum water, datura soak smearing and spraying, controls
Aleyrodid can use yellow haftplatte.The measure for controlling powdery mildew has: 1. it is frequently checked, it is early to find, and pluck seriously ill sick leaf (since cotyledon).2. disease
Just, spray mass percent concentration is the sodium bicarbonate solution of 0.2-0.3% (preferably 0.2%), and 3 days primary, even spray 5-6 times, both
Preventable disease is cured the disease, and can increase interior CO after its decomposition2Content is conducive to photosynthesis.
The present invention uses pure natural male pollen in this rural area to award with melon always.The male flower of a piece medium pollen amount can be smeared and award 3-
4 female flowers, a male flower more than pollen amount, which can be awarded, smears 7-8, as long as being stained with a small amount of pollen grain on column cap.
It is in heliogreenhouse or big in addition, the method provided by the invention using the organic cucurbita pepo of winter Protected production
It carries out in canopy, is isolated with external environment, actually play the role of that buffer area is arranged.
The present invention specifies the specific rule and the limit (minimum gas that cucurbita pepo is yielded positive results under the conditions of low temperature and poor light for the first time
Temperature >=2 DEG C), it solves the problems, such as winter organic melon (cucurbita pepo) production, bears fruit without using hormonal stimulation, full planting process is only used
Pure natural male pollen is awarded with knot melon in this rural area.This method is easy, does not increase production cost, and easily operated and popularization passes through the winter
Season, Protected production went out real cucurbita pepo organic food melon, and yield is close with general planting method, has but been effectively ensured organic
The quality and quality of food melon.
Specific embodiment
The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention..Unless otherwise specified, embodiment
Used in the conventional means that are well known to those skilled in the art of technological means, raw materials used is commercial goods.
The method that embodiment 1 utilizes the organic cucurbita pepo of winter Protected production -- the positive winter stubble of heliogreenhouse
In the winter in 2011 (warm winter, whole temperature are higher), in the Zhuozhou Jing Nanbao Bei Zhongzhong experiment station, most northern heliogreenhouse is (warming
Performance is general, the lowest temperature >=2 DEG C), area 3 divides, and did not applied chemical fertilizer, chemical pesticide in the first three years or planted transgenosis work
Object and melon crop.
Positive winter stubble, October 15,12 autogamys of dry seed live streaming were resisted cold organic cenospecies (F1 generation), and beginning December 18 plucks melon, next
Year uproots plants after their edible portions have been harvested for 26 days 2 months.Overall process is carried out by organic dish producting rule completely: interior disposably uses sufficient decomposed 6 side of cow dung, ploughs deeply
Agric 33cm is deep, and entire Growing season does not apply chemical fertilizer, and unused chemical pesticide control pest and disease damage is beared fruit without hormonal stimulation.
Sterilized using high temperature close plastic shed: August part has carried out 45 DEG C or more high temperature close plastic sheds before cultivating, and kills germ and part pest.Using anti-
The protection of worm gauze, is protected and is covered tightly with the insect prevention gauze of 60 mesh, and virus is effectively prevented and kill off in the infringement such as isolation aphid, aleyrodid, Liriomyza
Disease etc. reduces laxative prevention and treatment.It is even afterwards to have pest and disease damage, then it is aided with measure of biotic control and physical control prevention and treatment: controls aphid
Worm can be sprayed primary with capsicum water；Control aleyrodid with yellow haftplatte it is viscous prevent it is secondary；Powdery mildew is controlled, checks, finds early daily, extracts disease
After leaf (since cotyledon), the sodium bicarbonate solution that spray mass percent concentration is 0.2%, 3 days primary, even spray 5-6 times, carries out
It is sprayed after three phases, effectively inhibits the generation and sprawling that powdery mildew is big.
The first half of the month of January and 2 months during this, day room (complete by certainly warm) interior morning lowest temperature often meet 2-8 DEG C of shape
Condition is awarded with the male pollen of experimental field strain with knot melon completely.And preestablish wherein identical 6 kinds and compare, using northeast
The plant growth regulator liquid of Kiamusze City's Fine Chemical Works production smears female pickled cucumbers.As a result, it has been found that production cost and the equal yield of strain
(1.6kg/8 melon) is essentially identical, and the quality and quality of organic food melon has but been effectively ensured.
Embodiment 2 utilizes method -- the big stubble of day-light greenhouse winter spring one of the organic cucurbita pepo of winter Protected production
Winter in 2012 (severe winter, temperature are relatively throughout the year relatively low), in the Zhuozhou Jing Nanbao Bei Zhongzhong experiment station heliogreenhouse southernmost,
Area 4 divides, in examination winter, spring stubble, only with its 1.5 points of ground.Preceding stubble, continuous 3 years not to fertilize with the ordinary maize self-mating system of pesticide
Breed the Purity area of area and common spinach, carrot.Planted cucurbita pepo, the big stubble of Winter-Spring one.Dry seed live streaming on November 2,10
Kind is that autogamy is preferably resisted cold organic cenospecies (F1 generation), and No. 10 beginnings of January pluck, and May 20 next year uproots plants after their edible portions have been harvested, and entirely produce
Journey is carried out fully according to organic dish producting rule same as Example 1.Although being forced to take intermittently after January 4
Heating measure, but during January 8 to 20 days 2 months, the lowest temperature or the case where constantly meet with 5-8 DEG C in morning room,
Adhere to that full growing season is awarded with natural male pollen with knot melon.What preset 5 same breeds control was produced with Henan Yingyang City always
Hormone drug " cucurbita pepo efficiently bear fruit king " liquid smears female melon knot melon.It is counted by working hour and the equal yield of strain (5.0kg/20 melon)
It calculates, the two production cost is consistent with income, and the quality and quality of organic food melon has but been effectively ensured.
Embodiment 3 using the organic cucurbita pepo of winter Protected production method -- the glasshouse autumn delays stubble
Autumn, winter in 2013, the glasshouse that experiment station's winter cannot heat in the Zhuozhou Jing Nanbao Bei Zhongzhong.1 mu of area, the summer
Season close when can high temperature up to about 60 DEG C, a variety of germs can be killed.It takes it to meet 1 point of ground of organic farming requirement, broadcasts within September 8th
Kind of nursery, the end of month plant into.What is participated in the experiment is 3 different rice varieties, wherein 2 are heat-resisting and frigolabile organic cenospecies (F1
Generation) A and B, the other is organic cenospecies (F1 generation) C that cold resistance is strong.In glasshouse the noon heat and night it is cool, the morning lowest temperature
It is often 2 DEG C higher than extraneous.3 kinds start to pluck melon on the 28th October, until December 10 still kept newly sitting melon, normal year can
Continue to late December.When day turns cold at the beginning of 11 months, high 80 centimetres of Small plastic shed is costed, first lid layer of plastic film, November 15
Number again cover second layer plastic film (there are gaps between two membranes).It has been observed that sheet tunic, can be improved 3 DEG C or so of plant border temperature；
The second tunic has been covered, can be improved to 5 DEG C or so (if two films are close to, adding a tunic that can only improve 1 DEG C again).By observing daily
It was found that into after mid-November, the strain border temperature in morning arch membrane is also often in 8 DEG C hereinafter, 11 even if having covered 1-2 tunic
The last ten-days period moon and morning early December will appear 2-6 DEG C of low temperature often.The full knot melon phase adhere to being awarded with natural male pollen with knot melon and
It is managed by organic melon dish producting rule requirement.The equal 1.2kg/3 melon of melon strain has been plucked in cut-off to rural area on December 10, melon strain grow compared with
The quality and quality of organic food melon has been effectively ensured in stalwartness.
Part test record is as shown in table 1:
1 part test record sheet of table
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments,
On the basis of the present invention, it can be made some modifications or improvements, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Cause
This, these modifications or improvements, fall within the scope of the claimed invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the method for the organic cucurbita pepo of winter Protected production is utilized under low temperature and less sunshine environmental condition in winter, which is characterized in that
Excellent organic bumpkin hybrid generation kind that selection cold-resistant, winter growth are vigorous, disease resistance is got bumper crops by force again, carries out natural male flower
Powder is awarded with knot melon, purification soil, crop rotation, and entire Growing season application of organic fertilizers does not have to chemical pesticide control pest and disease damage, no
Beared fruit with hormonal stimulation；Wherein, the winter protecting field did not applied chemical fertilizer, chemical pesticide in 3 years or planted transgenosis work
Object；
Specifically, in grown place at 2-5 DEG C of the morning lowest temperature, in 8 a.m. clock or so, female flower is generally largely opened,
The male flower piece of yellow maturity is then open or does not open, without powder corolla splits, as daytime or second day temperature gradually rise
Height, after male flower hat splits or carries out, male powder just occurs, and within the same day to next day effectively, smears the same day with it or the previous day opening is female
Colored column cap can tie as usual melon, grow up.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer be sufficiently decomposed people and animals, poultry manure,
Or natural pond fertilizer.
3. the method according to claim 1, wherein it is deep to plough deeply agric 30-35cm when purification soil.
4. killing germ the method according to claim 1, wherein carrying out 45 DEG C or more high temperature close plastic sheds before plantation
And pest, and protected with 60 mesh every worm gauze, reduce disease pest harm.
5. the method according to claim 1, wherein preventing and treating disease pest using measure of biotic control and physical control
Evil.
6. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, anti-eliminate aphis using capsicum water or datura soak；It is anti-
It controls aleyrodid and uses yellow haftplatte；At the initial stage for preventing and treating powdery mildew, spraying mass percent concentration to above-ground plant parts is 0.2-0.3%
Sodium bicarbonate solution, 3 days are primary, even spray 5-6 times.
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Effective date of registration: 20201009 Address after: Unit 08, 30 / F, No. 88, Century Avenue, China (Shanghai) pilot Free Trade Zone, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200131 Patentee after: Syngenta Group Inc Address before: 100045, Beijing, Xicheng District Fuxing street, No., Sinochem building, 15 Floor Patentee before: China National Seed Group Corp.,Ltd. |