CN103798017B - A kind of implantation methods of cowpea - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of implantation methods of cowpea.The step such as comprise Seeds preprocess, seeding and seedling raising, whole ground basal dressing, field planting, field management, gather.Implantation methods of the present invention is scientific and reasonable, obvious effect of increasing production, and cowpea on average increases production 30-40%; Plant the cowpea quality obtained and be able to obvious improvement, safety nuisance free, commodity value is high, and simple to operation, and planting cost is low, and production efficiency is high, remarkable benefit, can improve economic benefit and the enthusiasm for production of peasant, is worth large-scale promotion.

Description

A kind of implantation methods of cowpea

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of implantation methods of cowpea, belong to technical field of agricultural cultivation.

Background technology

Cowpea has another name called long beans, carob, fresh kidney beans, angle beans, rice bean, waist beans, band beans, opotism beans, chopsticks beans, belongs to pulse family Vigna annual herb plant.Cowpea is edible with tender pod, and its nutrition is abundanter, can stir-fry and eat, cold and dressed with sauce, salt marsh, processing pickles and solarization fresh kidney beans do.Cowpea all has extensive plantation in China various places, and not only area is large, and scope is wide, and generally likes edible, one of vegetables becoming summer and autumn.But due to the unreasonable of existing cowpea implantation methods and not science, cause the cowpea gathered in the crops to yield poorly and of poor quality, cannot meet the need of market.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of implantation methods of scientific and reasonable cowpea, improve the seed output and quality of cowpea, to meet the demand in market.

For achieving the above object, the method scheme of the present invention's employing is as follows:

An implantation methods for cowpea, comprises the following steps:

(1) Seeds preprocess

Select full greatly, the anosis worm of grain, unabroken seed, bask seeds seed under fair weather 1-2 days, then the warm water of 50-55 DEG C is put into, constantly be stirred to 25-30 DEG C, soak seed and pull out for 1-2 hour, then put into 200-250 mg/kg of Gibberellins solution and soak 12-24 hour, rub the mucus on seed coat with the hands with fine sand before vernalization, then wrap in wet cloth, be placed on 26-32 DEG C of place's vernalization, rate to be showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally reaches more than 60% and can sow;

(2) seeding and seedling raising

Late March is selected to sow to early April sunny weather, nursery soil is completed in each macropore of seedling-cultivating tray, then the vesicle that a 0.8-1.2 centimetre is dark is made a call to, every bunch planting kind 2-3 grain, cover the thick 1.5-2 centimetre of nursery soil, cover with white mulch film, before emerging after sowing, day temperature should control at 24-32 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature should control at 15-20 DEG C; After planting 4-5 days start to emerge, and after having 30-40% seed to be unearthed, throw off mulch film in time; When after most seed sprouting, should reduce seedling bed temperature, day temperature controls at 20-25 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature controls at 16-18 DEG C; Start to carry out hardening after neat seedling 4-5 days, during hardening, the minimum temperature at night lower than 10 DEG C, can not get final product field planting when forming two panels leaf;

(3) whole ground basal dressing

Selection physical features is high and dry, soil layer is deep, organic matter is abundant, irrigation and drainage soil easily, 10-15 days whole ground basal dressings before field planting, mu executes the night soil that becomes thoroughly decomposed or 1500-2000 kilogram, chicken and duck excrement, superphosphate 15-20 kilogram, ash 75-100 kilogram, slow-release pesticidal particle 10-15 kilogram, can ditch spread also can spread fertilizer over the fields; Bedding behind whole ground, furrow face width 100-120 centimetre, furrow width 40-50 centimetre, furrow height 20-25 centimetre, covering with plastic film behind smooth furrow face;

(4) field planting

The fine day selecting cold tail to warm up head carries out, water in seedbed permeable before field planting, then lifting, eliminate the abnormal rice shoot such as cotyledon defect, true leaf distortion, cowpea adopts duplicate rows field planting, distance between rows and hills 60-65 cm x 20-30 centimetre, the 2-3 strain of every cave, mu plants 5000-6000 cave, cave is apart from 24-28 centimetre, during field planting, mulch film opening should be little, namely waters a root water, then seal with earth after field planting;

(5) field management

A, water and fertilizer management

After seedling raising and transplanting fresh kidney beans water final singling water and seedling recovering water, intertill restraining the growth of seedlings, soil moisture conservation temperature raising immediately, promote root system development, control cauline leaf excessive growth; Little water can be watered after there is bud, then intertill; Initial bloom stage does not water, and after the first inflorescence blooms a pod, after a few joint inflorescence manifests, water sufficient head water; After head water, cauline leaf growth is very fast, and in treating, bottom pod extends, in, top inflorescence when occurring, then waters second time water, enters pod bearing period later, see dryly just to water; Sheng of the gathering phase topdresses once with water, executes urea 15-20 kilogram for 6 mu, diammonium phosphate 25-30 kilogram or potassium dihydrogen phosphate 22-25 kilogram;

B, bay are drawn climing

When plant grows to 18-32 centimetre, when being about to take out climing, timely bay, be inserted into " people " font with bamboo pole, frame height 2.2-2.5 rice, every cave inserts one, and inwardly slightly tilts, and every two intersect, upper intersection is put bamboo pole and is made crossbeam, in chevron shaped, draws climing added fine day noon or afternoon;

C, bud picking are pinched

When the following side shoot of first inflorescence grows to 2.5-3 centimeter length, should extract in time, main climing sturdy to ensure; The more than main climing first inflorescence side shoot of each joint position stays pinching after 2-3 sheet leaf, promotes side shoot forms the first inflorescence; Climingly grow to 15-20 joint when main, reach 2-2.4 rice high time, cut off top, promote bottom side shoot flower_bud formation;

(6) gather

Cowpea was Post flowering 10-12 days tender pods of can gathering, and when pod bar even thickness, pod face beans is not heaved, and when reaching commodity pod standard, was Harvesting Date; When gathering, the flower on inflorescence top be protected, can not adopt down together with anthocaulus.

The preparation method of described nursery soil is as follows: a, take the raw material of following weight portion: a, peat soil 20-30, the native 10-15 of red jade, deer natural pond soil 8-12, ooze 5-10, chicken manure 15-20, plant straw powder 10-15, bagasse 8-12, wood sawdust 5-10, rice chaff ash 4-8, coconut shell flour 3-5, cinder 2-4, vermiculite 18-24, haydites of book structure 14-18, urea 2-3, superphosphate 1.5-2.5; B, get vermiculite, to add concentration be in the hydrochloric acid solution of 10-15% to perlite, heating water bath is to 60-70 DEG C, and insulation 1-2 hour, takes out and be washed to neutrality, dries, and 840-880 DEG C of calcining 1-2 hour, is cooled to room temperature, stand-by; C, get chicken manure, plant straw powder, wood sawdust, rice chaff ash, coconut shell flour, bagasse, cinder mix, pile up in heaps, then urea and superphosphate are mixed, convert 80-100 times of water gaging and make solution, be sprinkling upon equably on heap, naturally after placing 24-36h, the 3-5% adding mixing doses adds 100-150 times of EM probio dilution, stir, windrow water content control is at 60-70%, through fermentation in 5-10 days, stir when temperature reaches 55-60 DEG C once, add up can complete fermentation 2-3 time; D, the fermentation product of above-mentioned gained to be mixed with remaining raw material, obtain nursery soil.

The present invention's homemade nursery soil has stronger moisture capacity, water penetration and air capacity of soils, and it is comprehensively balanced in nutrition, containing nutritive elements such as abundant nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matters, meet the various nutrients needed for seed sprouting completely, planting percent can be significantly improved, reduce seedling stage diseases and pests, save artificial, growing-seedling period is short.

The preparation method of described slow-release pesticidal particle is as follows: a, take the raw material of following weight portion: medical stone 25-35, sepiolite 15-20, diatomite 10-15, sodium phosphate trimer 4-8, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 2-3, phoenix tree leaf 1.5-2.5, citrus seeds 1-2, tuber of stemona 3-4, kuh-seng 2-3, pieris 1-2, Chinese wingnut leaf 2.5-3.5, luffa vine 1-2, azedarach 2-3, wartwort 1-2, ash 8-12, polyvinyl alcohol 5-10, carboxymethyl cellulose 4-6, sodium alginate 3-5; B, get medical stone and sepiolite mixes, 720-760 DEG C of calcining 2-3 hour, putting into concentration after being cooled to room temperature is that the hydrogen peroxide solution of 15-20% soaks 1-2 hour, taking-up is washed to neutrality, dries, 910-940 DEG C of calcining 1-2 hour, be cooled to room temperature, pulverize, cross 100-150 mesh sieve, stand-by; C, get chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium, phoenix tree leaf, citrus seeds, the tuber of stemona, kuh-seng, pieris, Chinese wingnut leaf, luffa vine, azedarach, wartwort mix, add the water of 5-10 times amount, decoct and extract 50-60 minute, filter, filter residue adds the water of 4-8 times amount again, decoct and extract 30-40 minute, filter, merge decoction liquor, concentrated, freeze drying powdered, stand-by; The powder that d, the powder and the step c that are obtained by step b obtain mixes, and add diatomite and sodium phosphate trimer, stir 10-15 minute, wet granulation, particle diameter is 1-2mm, dries, stand-by; E, get polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate mix, and adds 2-4 times of water gaging, heating water bath is to 70-80 DEG C and under agitation add ash, stirs rear even application at the obtained particle surface of steps d, dries, get product.

Be added with slow-release pesticidal particle during the present invention whole ground basal dressing, have slow-release pesticidal effect, broad spectrum activity is strong, and resistance of rainwater washing against, effectively can prevent the generation of soil-borne disease, reduce or avoid the use of chemical pesticide, thus improves the quality and yield of cowpea.

Beneficial effect of the present invention:

Implantation methods of the present invention is scientific and reasonable, obvious effect of increasing production, and cowpea on average increases production 30-40%; Plant the cowpea quality obtained and be able to obvious improvement, safety nuisance free, commodity value is high, and simple to operation, and planting cost is low, and production efficiency is high, remarkable benefit, can improve economic benefit and the enthusiasm for production of peasant, is worth large-scale promotion.

Embodiment

An implantation methods for cowpea, comprises the following steps:

(1) Seeds preprocess

Select full greatly, the anosis worm of grain, unabroken seed, seed is basked seeds 2 days under fair weather, then the warm water of 50 DEG C is put into, constantly be stirred to 25 DEG C, soak seed and pull out for 2 hours, then put into 200 mgs/kg of Gibberellins solution immersions 24 hours, rub the mucus on seed coat with the hands with fine sand before vernalization, then wrap in wet cloth, be placed on 30 DEG C of place's vernalization, rate to be showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally reaches more than 60% and can sow;

(2) seeding and seedling raising

Late March is selected to sow to early April sunny weather, nursery soil is completed in each macropore of seedling-cultivating tray, then one 1.0 centimeters dark vesicles are made a call to, every bunch planting kind 3, cover thick 1.8 centimetres of nursery soil, cover with white mulch film, before emerging after sowing, day temperature should control at 28 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature should control at 17 DEG C; After planting 5 days start to emerge, and after having 40% seed to be unearthed, throw off mulch film in time; When after most seed sprouting, should reduce seedling bed temperature, day temperature controls at 22 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature controls at 16 DEG C; Neat seedling starts after 5 days to carry out hardening, and during hardening, the minimum temperature at night lower than 10 DEG C, can not get final product field planting when forming two panels leaf;

(3) whole ground basal dressing

Selection physical features is high and dry, soil layer is deep, organic matter is abundant, irrigation and drainage soil easily, field planting first 12 days whole ground basal dressings, mu executes the night soil or 2000 kilograms, chicken and duck excrement, superphosphate 15 kilograms, ash 80 kilograms, slow-release pesticidal particle 15 kilograms that become thoroughly decomposed, can ditch spread also can spread fertilizer over the fields; Bedding behind whole ground, furrow face width 110 centimetres, furrow width 45 centimetres, furrow are high 20 centimetres, covering with plastic film behind smooth furrow face;

(4) field planting

The fine day selecting cold tail to warm up head carries out, water in seedbed permeable before field planting, then lifting, eliminate the abnormal rice shoot such as cotyledon defect, true leaf distortion, cowpea adopts duplicate rows field planting, distance between rows and hills 65 cm x 30 centimetres, every cave 3 strain, mu plants 6000 caves, cave is apart from 26 centimetres, during field planting, mulch film opening should be little, namely waters a root water, then seal with earth after field planting;

(5) field management

A, water and fertilizer management

After seedling raising and transplanting fresh kidney beans water final singling water and seedling recovering water, intertill restraining the growth of seedlings, soil moisture conservation temperature raising immediately, promote root system development, control cauline leaf excessive growth; Little water can be watered after there is bud, then intertill; Initial bloom stage does not water, and after the first inflorescence blooms a pod, after a few joint inflorescence manifests, water sufficient head water; After head water, cauline leaf growth is very fast, and in treating, bottom pod extends, in, top inflorescence when occurring, then waters second time water, enters pod bearing period later, see dryly just to water; Sheng of the gathering phase topdresses once with water, executes 20 kilograms, urea for 6 mu, diammonium phosphate 25 kilograms or potassium dihydrogen phosphate 22 kilograms;

B, bay are drawn climing

When plant grows to 25 centimetres, when being about to take out climing, timely bay, be inserted into " people " font with bamboo pole, frame is high 2.4 meters, and every cave inserts one, and inwardly slightly tilts, and every two intersect, upper intersection is put bamboo pole and is made crossbeam, in chevron shaped, draws climing added fine day noon or afternoon;

C, bud picking are pinched

When the following side shoot of first inflorescence grows to 2.5 centimeter length, should extract in time, main climing sturdy to ensure; The more than main climing first inflorescence side shoot of each joint position stays pinching after 3 leaves, promotes side shoot forms the first inflorescence; Grow to 20 joints when master is climing, when reaching 2.2 meters high, cut off top, promote bottom side shoot flower_bud formation;

(6) gather

Cowpea can be gathered tender pod at Post flowering for 10 days, and when pod bar even thickness, pod face beans is not heaved, and when reaching commodity pod standard, is Harvesting Date; When gathering, the flower on inflorescence top be protected, can not adopt down together with anthocaulus.

The preparation method of above-mentioned nursery soil is as follows: a, take the raw material of following weight (kilogram): a, peat soil 24, red beautiful soil 12, deer natural pond soil 12, ooze 7, chicken manure 16, plant straw powder 10, bagasse 10, wood sawdust 8, rice chaff ash 6, coconut shell flour 4, cinder 3, vermiculite 20, haydites of book structure 16, urea 2, superphosphate 1.5; B, get vermiculite, to add concentration be in the hydrochloric acid solution of 15% to perlite, heating water bath to 65 DEG C, is incubated 2 hours, takes out and is washed to neutrality, dries, and 860 DEG C of calcinings 1 hour, are cooled to room temperature, stand-by; C, get chicken manure, plant straw powder, wood sawdust, rice chaff ash, coconut shell flour, bagasse, cinder mix, pile up in heaps, then urea and superphosphate are mixed, convert 80 times of water gagings and make solution, be sprinkling upon equably on heap, naturally, after placing 36h, add mixing doses 5% adds 100 times of EM probio dilutions, stirs, windrow water content control is 62%, through fermentation in 7 days, stir when temperature reaches 55 DEG C once, add up can complete fermentation 3 times; D, the fermentation product of above-mentioned gained to be mixed with remaining raw material, obtain nursery soil.

The preparation method of above-mentioned slow-release pesticidal particle is as follows: a, take the raw material of following weight (kilogram): medical stone 30, sepiolite 16, diatomite 12, sodium phosphate trimer 7, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 3, phoenix tree leaf 2, citrus seeds 1.5, the tuber of stemona 3, kuh-seng 2.5, pieris 1.5, Chinese wingnut leaf 3, luffa vine 1.5, azedarach 2, wartwort 1.5, ash 10, polyvinyl alcohol 8, carboxymethyl cellulose 5, sodium alginate 4; B, get medical stone and sepiolite mixes, 750 DEG C of calcinings 2 hours, put into after being cooled to room temperature concentration be 20% hydrogen peroxide solution soak 1 hour, take out and be washed to neutrality, dry, 920 DEG C of calcinings 1 hour, are cooled to room temperature, pulverize, cross 100 mesh sieves, stand-by; C, get chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium, phoenix tree leaf, citrus seeds, the tuber of stemona, kuh-seng, pieris, Chinese wingnut leaf, luffa vine, azedarach, wartwort mix, add the water of 8 times amount, decoct extraction 60 minutes, filter, filter residue adds the water of 6 times amount again, decoct extraction 40 minutes, filter, merge decoction liquor, concentrated, freeze drying powdered, stand-by; The powder that d, the powder and the step c that are obtained by step b obtain mixes, and add diatomite and sodium phosphate trimer, stir 10 minutes, wet granulation, particle diameter is 2mm, dries, stand-by; E, get polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate mix, and adds 4 times of water gagings, heating water bath to 70 DEG C also under agitation adds ash, stirs rear even application at the obtained particle surface of steps d, dries, get product.

Compared with the cowpea that the cowpea adopting above-mentioned implantation methods to plant out and conventional method plant out, have the following advantages:

As seen from the above table, compared with traditional cultivation method, implantation methods cowpea per mu yield of the present invention improves 33.6%, and damage by disease and insect incidence reduces 81.4%, and plantation cowpea quality better out, safety nuisance free, low input, high production, profitable, greatly can improve income and the enthusiasm for production at plantation family, be applicable to large-scale promotion.

Claims (1)

1. an implantation methods for cowpea, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:

(1) Seeds preprocess

Select full greatly, the anosis worm of grain, unabroken seed, bask seeds seed under fair weather 1-2 days, then the warm water of 50-55 DEG C is put into, constantly be stirred to 25-30 DEG C, soak seed and pull out for 1-2 hour, then put into 200-250 mg/kg of Gibberellins solution and soak 12-24 hour, rub the mucus on seed coat with the hands with fine sand before vernalization, then wrap in wet cloth, be placed on 26-32 DEG C of place's vernalization, rate to be showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally reaches more than 60% and can sow;

(2) seeding and seedling raising

Late March is selected to sow to early April sunny weather, nursery soil is completed in each macropore of seedling-cultivating tray, then the vesicle that a 0.8-1.2 centimetre is dark is made a call to, every bunch planting kind 2-3 grain, cover the thick 1.5-2 centimetre of nursery soil, cover with white mulch film, before emerging after sowing, day temperature should control at 24-32 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature should control at 15-20 DEG C; After planting 4-5 days start to emerge, and after having 30-40% seed to be unearthed, throw off mulch film in time; When after most seed sprouting, should reduce seedling bed temperature, day temperature controls at 20-25 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature controls at 16-18 DEG C; Start to carry out hardening after neat seedling 4-5 days, during hardening, the minimum temperature at night lower than 10 DEG C, can not get final product field planting when forming two panels leaf;

(3) whole ground basal dressing

Selection physical features is high and dry, soil layer is deep, organic matter is abundant, irrigation and drainage soil easily, 10-15 days whole ground basal dressings before field planting, mu executes the night soil that becomes thoroughly decomposed or 1500-2000 kilogram, chicken and duck excrement, superphosphate 15-20 kilogram, ash 75-100 kilogram, slow-release pesticidal particle 10-15 kilogram, ditch spread or spread fertilizer over the fields; Bedding behind whole ground, furrow face width 100-120 centimetre, furrow width 40-50 centimetre, furrow height 20-25 centimetre, covering with plastic film behind smooth furrow face;

(4) field planting

The fine day selecting cold tail to warm up head carries out, water in seedbed permeable before field planting, then lifting, eliminate cotyledon defect, the abnormal rice shoot of true leaf distortion, cowpea adopts duplicate rows field planting, distance between rows and hills 60-65 cm x 20-30 centimetre, the 2-3 strain of every cave, mu plants 5000-6000 cave, cave is apart from 24-28 centimetre, during field planting, mulch film opening should be little, namely waters a root water, then seal with earth after field planting;

(5) field management

A, water and fertilizer management

After seedling raising and transplanting fresh kidney beans water final singling water and seedling recovering water, intertill restraining the growth of seedlings, soil moisture conservation temperature raising immediately, promote root system development, control cauline leaf excessive growth; Water little water after there is bud, then intertill; Initial bloom stage does not water, and after the first inflorescence blooms a pod, after a few joint inflorescence manifests, water sufficient head water; After head water, cauline leaf growth is very fast, and in treating, bottom pod extends, in, top inflorescence when occurring, then waters second time water, enters pod bearing period later, see dryly just to water; Sheng of the gathering phase topdresses once with water, executes urea 15-20 kilogram for 6 mu, diammonium phosphate 25-30 kilogram or potassium dihydrogen phosphate 22-25 kilogram;

B, bay are drawn climing

When plant grows to 18-32 centimetre, when being about to take out climing, timely bay, be inserted into " people " font with bamboo pole, frame height 2.2-2.5 rice, every cave inserts one, and inwardly slightly tilts, and every two intersect, upper intersection is put bamboo pole and is made crossbeam, in chevron shaped, draws climing added fine day noon or afternoon;

C, bud picking are pinched

When the following side shoot of first inflorescence grows to 2.5-3 centimeter length, should extract in time, main climing sturdy to ensure; The more than main climing first inflorescence side shoot of each joint position stays pinching after 2-3 sheet leaf, promotes side shoot forms the first inflorescence; Climingly grow to 15-20 joint when main, reach 2-2.4 rice high time, cut off top, promote bottom side shoot flower_bud formation;

(6) gather

Cowpea was Post flowering 10-12 days tender pods of can gathering, and when pod bar even thickness, pod face beans is not heaved, and when reaching commodity pod standard, was Harvesting Date; When gathering, the flower on inflorescence top be protected, can not adopt down together with anthocaulus;

The preparation method of described slow-release pesticidal particle is as follows: a, take the raw material of following weight portion: medical stone 25-35, sepiolite 15-20, diatomite 10-15, sodium phosphate trimer 4-8, chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium 2-3, phoenix tree leaf 1.5-2.5, citrus seeds 1-2, tuber of stemona 3-4, kuh-seng 2-3, pieris 1-2, Chinese wingnut leaf 2.5-3.5, luffa vine 1-2, azedarach 2-3, wartwort 1-2, ash 8-12, polyvinyl alcohol 5-10, carboxymethyl cellulose 4-6, sodium alginate 3-5; B, get medical stone and sepiolite mixes, 720-760 DEG C of calcining 2-3 hour, putting into concentration after being cooled to room temperature is that the hydrogen peroxide solution of 15-20% soaks 1-2 hour, taking-up is washed to neutrality, dries, 910-940 DEG C of calcining 1-2 hour, be cooled to room temperature, pulverize, cross 100-150 mesh sieve, stand-by; C, get chrysanthemum cinesariaefolium, phoenix tree leaf, citrus seeds, the tuber of stemona, kuh-seng, pieris, Chinese wingnut leaf, luffa vine, azedarach, wartwort mix, add the water of 5-10 times amount, decoct and extract 50-60 minute, filter, filter residue adds the water of 4-8 times amount again, decoct and extract 30-40 minute, filter, merge decoction liquor, concentrated, freeze drying powdered, stand-by; The powder that d, the powder and the step c that are obtained by step b obtain mixes, and add diatomite and sodium phosphate trimer, stir 10-15 minute, wet granulation, particle diameter is 1-2mm, dries, stand-by; E, get polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate mix, and adds 2-4 times of water gaging, heating water bath is to 70-80 DEG C and under agitation add ash, stirs rear even application at the obtained particle surface of steps d, dries, get product.