CN112753509B - Seedling cultivation method suitable for potato water culture test - Google Patents
Seedling cultivation method suitable for potato water culture test Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Hydroponics (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of seedlings, and particularly relates to a seedling cultivation method suitable for a potato water culture test, which comprises the following preparation steps: (1) preparation of a culture medium: uniformly mixing river sand, red jade soil, golden medical stone and vermiculite according to the weight ratio of 5-7:2-4:1-3:1-3, adding water until the humidity reaches the level of hand-holding, and then falling to the ground to disperse and uniformly stirring; (2) potato tuber treatment: stacking and airing potato tubers for 3-5 days continuously until the potato tubers sprout; (3) sowing: putting a culture substrate into a container capable of draining water to enable the depth of the culture substrate to reach 1-2cm, putting the potato tubers processed in the step (2) into the container, and finally covering the tubers with the culture substrate for sowing; (4) and (3) growth management: watering every 2-3 days after sowing until the culture medium is completely wet. The seedlings cultivated by the method are strong and have developed and robust root systems, and can meet the requirements of water culture tests on potato seedlings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of seedlings, and particularly relates to a seedling cultivation method suitable for a potato water culture test.
Background
The growth, development and yield of the potatoes are influenced by metal stress, and a water culture test is an important technical means for researching the metal stress. The seedling cultivation method used in the existing potato water culture test mainly adopts a tissue culture technology, but the cost and the operation level required by the technology are relatively high, the growth period of the tissue culture seedling is long, the culture medium is easy to pollute, and the growth vigor of the tissue culture seedling is weak. Attached to the difficult sanitization of culture medium on the root system, damage the plant in the cleaning process is difficult to exempt for this seedling that is delicate is rotten root necrosis more easily in the water planting treatment process, can't satisfy the experimental requirement of water planting. At present, a method which can cultivate strong seedlings, is easy to grow roots and strengthen roots and is convenient to clean is urgently needed, and the requirement of a water culture test on the seedlings can be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a seedling cultivation method suitable for potato water culture tests, which mainly solves the problems that the seedling cultivation cost is high, the seedlings are not robust and can not meet the requirements of the water culture tests by a tissue culture technology.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a seedling cultivation method suitable for a potato water culture test, which comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) preparation of a culture medium: uniformly mixing river sand, red jade soil, golden medical stone and vermiculite according to the weight ratio of 5-7:2-4:1-3:1-3, adding water until the humidity reaches the level of hand-holding, and then falling to the ground to disperse and uniformly stirring;
(2) potato tuber treatment: stacking and airing potato tubers for 3-5 days continuously until the potato tubers sprout;
(3) sowing: putting a culture substrate into a container capable of draining water to enable the depth of the culture substrate to reach 1-2cm, putting the potato tubers processed in the step (2) into the container, and finally covering the tubers with the culture substrate for sowing;
(4) and (3) growth management: watering every 2-3 days after sowing until the culture medium is completely wet.
Further, in the step (1), the weight ratio of the river sand, the red jade soil, the golden medical stone and the vermiculite in the culture medium is 6:3:2: 1. The river sand is loose and breathable, is not easy to harden after being watered, has good air permeability, is mainly used for adjusting the proportion of the matrix, and is convenient for cleaning roots; the red jade soil does not contain nutrients, is favorable for enhancing water storage and drainage capacity when being mixed with other substrates, does not contain harmful bacteria, and is easy to elute from root systems; the golden medical stone has certain biological activity, contains various trace elements, has strong water permeability, is not easy to agglomerate and root on the surface, is relatively loose, is easy to fall off when a plant is taken out and the root system is cleaned, and is not easy to damage seedlings; the vermiculite is a natural, inorganic and nontoxic mineral substance, has extremely high activity, and has promotion effect on plant growth and root germination; has good water absorption, conduction, water permeation and air permeation effects, prevents the root rot of the plant, and can provide more potassium, magnesium, calcium and the like and trace elements such as zinc, copper and the like for the plant. The four matrix raw materials are used for seedling cultivation in a potato water culture test under the synergistic effect of the four matrix raw materials, so that robust seedlings and thick root systems can be cultivated, and the requirements of the water culture test on potato seedlings can be met; the potato tuber is not easy to rot, the substrate formed by the potato tuber can be sterilized and reused for many times, and the cost is reduced.
Further, in the step (2) of the present invention, less than 50g of potato tubers, are used directly for sowing; the potato tubers larger than 50g need to be cut into pieces, each potato piece has 2-3 buds, and the cut potato tubers need to be mixed with the healing agent and then sown.
Further, in the step (2), the healing agent is a mixture of quicklime and thiophanate methyl with a mass concentration of 50% in a weight ratio of 25: 1.
Furthermore, in the step (3), the container is a transparent container which is a transparent plastic bowl, the transparent plastic bowl is used as the container, the root growth condition can be observed conveniently, the container can be reused, the cost is reduced, the requirement on the operation technical level of experimenters is low, the tuber of the potato is fast in root growth and seedling formation, and the water culture treatment is easy to carry out in batches.
Furthermore, the grain sizes of the river sand, the red jade soil, the golden medical stone and the vermiculite are 3-6 mm. The particle size is suitable for the growth of seedlings.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method, river sand, red jade soil, golden medical stone and vermiculite in the culture medium are mixed according to a certain proportion, and the synergistic effect of the four raw materials is used for seedling cultivation of a potato water culture test, so that robust seedlings and thick root systems can be cultivated, and the requirements of the water culture test on potato seedlings can be met; the potato tuber is not easy to rot, the substrate formed by the potato tuber can be sterilized and reused for many times, and the cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a drawing showing potato seedlings (sweet potato No. 13) of 5 days old in test example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a drawing showing potato seedlings (sweet potato No. 13) of the present invention in test example 1, which were 10 days old;
FIG. 3 is a drawing showing potato seedlings (sweet potato No. 13) of 15 days old in test example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a drawing showing a potato (Figurit) seedling of 10 days old in test example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing potato seedlings (Xingjia No. 2) of 10 days old in test example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a drawing showing a tissue culture seedling of potato (Fivorita) of 22 days old in test example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing tissue culture seedlings of potato (Xingjia No. 2) aged 22 days in test example 11 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A seedling cultivation method suitable for potato hydroponics tests comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) preparation of a culture medium: uniformly mixing river sand, red jade soil, medical stone and vermiculite according to the weight ratio of 5:2:1:1, adding water until the humidity reaches the level of hand-holding, and then falling to the ground to disperse and uniformly stirring;
(2) potato tuber treatment: stacking and airing potato tubers for 3 days continuously until the potato tubers sprout;
(3) sowing: 8 small holes are formed in the bottom of a transparent plastic bowl (the specification is that the diameter of the upper bottom is multiplied by the height is multiplied by the diameter of the lower bottom: a large bowl is multiplied by 15cm multiplied by 8.5cm multiplied by 10.5cm), a transparent container capable of draining water is manufactured, a culture substrate is placed into the transparent container, the depth of the culture substrate reaches 1cm, potato tubers processed in the step (2) with the weight of 45-50g are placed into the transparent container, and finally the tubers are covered with the culture substrate for sowing;
(4) and (3) growth management: watering every 3 days after sowing until the culture medium is completely wet, transplanting the seedlings for a water culture test after the heights (including leaves) of the seedlings are all 4 cm, and sterilizing the residual medium after transplanting for later use.
Example 2
A seedling cultivation method suitable for potato hydroponics tests comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) preparation of a culture medium: uniformly mixing river sand, red jade soil, medical stone and vermiculite according to the weight ratio of 7:4:3:3, adding water until the humidity reaches the level of hand-holding, and then falling to the ground to disperse and uniformly stirring;
(2) potato tuber treatment: stacking and airing potato tubers for 5 days continuously until the potato tubers sprout;
(3) sowing: 8 small holes are formed in the bottom of a transparent plastic bowl (the specification is that the diameter of the upper bottom is multiplied by the height is multiplied by the diameter of the lower bottom: a large bowl is multiplied by 15cm multiplied by 8.5cm multiplied by 10.5cm), a transparent container capable of draining water is manufactured, a culture substrate is placed into the transparent container, the depth of the culture substrate reaches 2cm, potato tubers processed in the step (2) and with the weight of 45-50g are placed into the transparent container, and finally the tubers are covered with the culture substrate for sowing;
(4) and (3) growth management: watering every 2 days after sowing, wherein the culture medium is watered every time until the culture medium is completely wet, transplanting the seedlings for a water culture test after the heights (including leaves) of the seedlings are all 4 cm, and sterilizing the residual medium after transplanting for later use.
Example 3
A seedling cultivation method suitable for potato hydroponics tests comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) preparation of a culture medium: uniformly mixing river sand, red jade soil, medical stone and vermiculite according to the weight ratio of 6:3:2:1, adding water until the humidity reaches the level of hand-holding, and then falling to the ground to disperse and uniformly stirring;
(2) potato tuber treatment: stacking and airing potato tubers for 4 days continuously until the potato tubers sprout;
(3) sowing: the bottom of a transparent plastic bowl (the specification is that the diameter of the upper bottom is multiplied by the height is multiplied by the diameter of the lower bottom: a large bowl is multiplied by 15cm multiplied by 8.5cm multiplied by 10.5cm) is scalded with 7 small holes to prepare a transparent container capable of draining water, a culture substrate is put into the transparent container to ensure that the depth of the culture substrate reaches 2cm, potato tubers which are processed in the step (2) and have the weight of 45-50g are put into the transparent container, and finally the tubers are covered with the culture substrate for sowing;
(4) and (3) growth management: watering every 2 days after sowing, wherein the culture medium is watered every time until the culture medium is completely wet, transplanting the seedlings for a water culture test after the heights (including leaves) of the seedlings are all 4 cm, and sterilizing the residual medium after transplanting for later use.
Example 4
A seedling cultivation method suitable for potato hydroponics tests comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) preparation of a culture medium: uniformly mixing river sand, red jade soil, medical stone and vermiculite according to the weight ratio of 6:3:2:1, adding water until the humidity reaches the level of hand-holding, and then falling to the ground to disperse and uniformly stirring;
(2) potato tuber treatment: stacking and airing potato tubers for 4 days continuously until the potato tubers sprout;
(3) sowing: the method comprises the following steps of (specification: upper bottom diameter is multiplied by height is multiplied by lower bottom diameter: large bowl 15cm multiplied by 8.5cm multiplied by 10.5cm) scalding the bottom of a transparent plastic bowl to form a transparent container capable of draining water, putting a culture substrate into the transparent container to enable the depth of the culture substrate to reach 2cm, cutting potato tubers processed in the step (2) with the weight of 55-60g into blocks, wherein each potato block is provided with 2-3 buds, uniformly stirring the cut potato tubers by using a healing agent consisting of quicklime and methyl thiophanate with the mass concentration of 50% in a weight ratio of 25:1, putting the potato tubers into the transparent container, and finally covering the tubers with the culture substrate for sowing;
(4) and (3) growth management: watering every 2 days after sowing, wherein the culture medium is watered every time until the culture medium is completely wet, transplanting the seedlings for a water culture test after the heights (including leaves) of the seedlings are all 4 cm, and sterilizing the residual medium after transplanting for later use.
Test example 1: influence of different seedling cultivation methods on growth of different potato varieties
1. The seedling condition of tissue culture seedling
The tissue culture seedling process comprises the following steps: potato buds (Fiurel and Xingjia No. 2) are sterilized and then cultured into seedlings, a small number of seedlings are obtained through propagation, the seedlings are cut into sections and propagated to obtain a large number of seedlings, and the seedlings are cut into sections and inoculated into a rooting culture medium (the ratio of paclobutrazol to naphthylacetic acid is 4: 1) to be cultured into tissue culture seedlings for a water culture test.
TABLE 1 seedling Rate and growth cycle of tissue culture seedlings
As can be seen from Table 1, the total growth cycle of the tissue culture seedlings from shoots to rooted seedlings was approximately 43 to 46 days by the tissue culture seedling culture, and the seedlings for the hydroponic test of potato were also weak in growth by the tissue culture seedling culture (see FIGS. 6 and 7).
2. The seedling condition of the method of the invention
The method comprises the steps of selecting 9 potato varieties of beautiful potatoes 20, Huayu 5, Huashu 13, Guinong potatoes 4, Zhongshu 597, Minshu 5, Quannong potatoes 6, Xingjia 2, Figurita and the like, cultivating according to the method of the embodiment 3, and counting the seedling rate of the different potato varieties, wherein the seedling rate is shown in a table 1. The total number of plants is the total number of plants of all sown potato tubers that germinated to form seedlings. All potato tubers germinate, except for the fact that very individual potato seeds are rotted early, resulting in the death of the seedlings just or soon after emergence, the remaining seedlings can emerge and grow to a certain height, and part of the seedlings die due to the influence of the rotted tubers. The number of plants that died in both cases is also referred to as the "number of dead plants" in Table 2. Therefore, the number of dead plants after germination is counted for the first time 15 days after sowing, and is counted again in 26 days, and the final seedling rate is obtained through counting twice.
TABLE 2 statistics of the seedling rate of different potato varieties
As can be seen from Table 2, the seedling rate of potato tubers can be increased by the method of the present invention, in particular by the culture medium of the present invention.
TABLE 3 statistics of growth cycles of different potato varieties
As can be seen from Table 3, the seedlings cultured by the method of the present invention in hydroponic culture tests have short seedling time and good growth vigor (the relevant growth conditions are shown in FIGS. 1 to 5) compared with the tissue culture seedlings (see Table 1).
Test example 2: effect of the composition of different culture media on the growth of Potato varieties
Taking Xingjia No. 2 potato variety as a test object, setting a plurality of treatments except the composition of the culture medium, and the other steps are the same as the example 3, wherein each treatment is provided with 10 containers, each container is used for sowing 3 potato tubers, and the growth condition of the potato tubers is counted. The total number of plants is the total number of plants of all sown potato tubers that germinated to form seedlings. All potato tubers germinate, except for the fact that very individual potato seeds are rotted early, resulting in the death of the seedlings just or soon after emergence, the remaining seedlings can emerge and grow to a certain height, and part of the seedlings die due to the influence of the rotted tubers. The number of plants that died in both cases is also referred to as the "number of dead plants" in Table 2. Therefore, the number of dead plants after germination is counted for the first time 15 days after sowing, and is counted again in 26 days, and the final seedling rate is obtained through counting twice.
TABLE 4 Potato seedling percentage by different culture media
As can be seen from Table 3, river sand, red jade soil, gold medical stone and vermiculite in different weight proportions influence the seedling rate of potatoes, and different substrate raw material compositions also influence the seedling rate of potatoes, so that the compatibility of the river sand, the red jade soil, the gold medical stone and the vermiculite substrate can meet the nutritional requirements of the potato in the seedling stage, has good air permeability and water drainage, and is beneficial to the growth of the potato seedlings.
TABLE 5 statistics of growth cycle of potatoes cultured on different culture media
TABLE 6 statistics of growth of potatoes cultured on different culture media
As is clear from Table 5, the composition of the culture medium of the present invention can shorten the germination time of potato. As can be seen from Table 6, the seedlings cultured by the culture medium of the invention are strong, have developed root systems and are easy to survive, the proportions of river sand, red jade soil, medical stone and vermiculite are changed, and the proportions are beyond the range of the invention, and the potato seedlings cultured by the culture medium grow slowly, have small stems and weak vigor.
The above description is intended to describe in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made within the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A seedling cultivation method suitable for potato hydroponics tests is characterized by comprising the following preparation steps:
(1) preparation of a culture medium: uniformly mixing river sand, red jade soil, golden medical stone and vermiculite according to the weight ratio of 5-7:2-4:1-3:1-3, adding water until the humidity reaches the level of hand-holding, and then falling to the ground to disperse and uniformly stirring;
(2) potato tuber treatment: stacking and airing potato tubers for 3-5 days continuously until the potato tubers sprout;
(3) sowing: putting a culture substrate into a container capable of draining water to enable the depth of the culture substrate to reach 1-2cm, putting the potato tubers processed in the step (2) into the container, and finally covering the tubers with the culture substrate for sowing;
(4) and (3) growth management: watering every 2-3 days after sowing until the culture medium is completely wet.
2. A seedling cultivation method suitable for potato hydroponics experiment according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), the weight ratio of the river sand, the red jade soil, the golden medical stone and the vermiculite in the culture medium is 6:3:2: 1.
3. A seedling culture method suitable for potato hydroponics experiment according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (2), less than 50g of potato tubers are used directly for sowing; the potato tubers larger than 50g need to be cut into pieces, each potato piece has 2-3 buds, and the cut potato tubers need to be mixed with the healing agent and then sown.
4. A seedling cultivation method suitable for potato hydroponics test according to claim 3, characterized in that in step (2), the healing agent is a mixture of quick lime and thiophanate methyl with a mass concentration of 50% in a weight ratio of 25: 1.
5. A seedling cultivation method suitable for potato hydroponics experiment according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (3), the container is a transparent container.
6. A seedling cultivation method suitable for potato hydroponics experiment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the grain diameters of the river sand, the red jade soil, the golden medical stone and the vermiculite are all 3-6 mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011618613.3A CN112753509B (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2020-12-30 | Seedling cultivation method suitable for potato water culture test |
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