CN109197483B - Planting method for reducing insect damage of cotton in seedling stage - Google Patents
Planting method for reducing insect damage of cotton in seedling stage Download PDFInfo
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- CN109197483B CN109197483B CN201811351423.2A CN201811351423A CN109197483B CN 109197483 B CN109197483 B CN 109197483B CN 201811351423 A CN201811351423 A CN 201811351423A CN 109197483 B CN109197483 B CN 109197483B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/50—Cotton
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
- C05D1/02—Manufacture from potassium chloride or sulfate or double or mixed salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/08—Organic fertilisers containing added bacterial cultures, mycelia or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method for reducing insect pests in a cotton seedling stage, which comprises the following steps: step one, soil preparation; step two, seed pretreatment: soaking cotton seeds in nutrient solution at 35-38 deg.C for 2-3h, sealing, wrapping, standing for 2-3h, taking out, and mixing with modified plant ash to obtain pretreated seeds; step three, field planting: filling planting fertilizers in the planting holes to the height of 4.4-4.7cm, placing a pretreatment seed in the planting hole accounting for 4/5 of the total height, uniformly placing two pretreatment seeds in the rest planting holes, covering modified soil to fill up the planting holes, and transplanting and supplementing seedlings after 25 days; and step four, managing and harvesting. The invention has the beneficial effects of reducing insect pests at the seedling stage of cotton, avoiding the generation of drug resistance of pests at the seedling stage and improving the acre yield of cotton.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cotton planting. More particularly, the invention relates to a planting method for reducing insect pests in cotton seedling stage.
Background
Before the buds of the cotton appear, the nutrition area is small, the root system is not developed yet, pests in the seedling stage have the characteristics of multiple varieties, quick development and serious harm, and the cotton field is often caused to be seedling-lacking, ridge-breaking and serious death in large pieces, wherein aphids are one of main pests in the seedling stage of the cotton, penetrate the back surfaces or tender heads of cotton leaves by using a sucking mouth device, suck juice, cotton seedlings damaged by the aphids, the cotton leaves are withered, yellow and shed, honeydew excreted by the aphids is arranged on the surface, and the breeding of mold is easily induced; the red spiders prick and suck juice on the back of cotton leaves, so that the leaves are green, yellow spots, red spots or yellow and white spots appear, and when the damage is serious, the leaves are dry and shed, and cotton plants are dead; the adult cotton thrips and the weak insects are mostly concentrated on the tender heads and the leaf backs of cotton plants to absorb juice, after cotton seedlings are damaged, cotyledons are thick, yellow green or silvery white specks appear on the back surfaces, growing points are scorched, new branches can not grow to cause seedling shortage, although some new branches can grow, the growing points are divided into a plurality of branches to delay the growth period of the cotton, the bolls are reduced, and the yield is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages described later.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a planting method for reducing insect pests at a cotton seedling stage, which can effectively reduce insect pests at a cotton seedling stage, prevent the generation of drug resistance of the insect pests at the seedling stage, and improve the yield of cotton per mu.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the purpose of the invention, there is provided a method for reducing insect pests at seedling stage of cotton, comprising the steps of:
step one, soil preparation: deeply ploughing 25-30cm of land, applying base fertilizer, preparing land according to the row spacing of 70-75cm, and digging planting holes according to the plant spacing of 45-50cm, wherein the planting holes are similar to a cube with the side length of 5.5-6 cm;
step two, seed pretreatment: soaking cotton seeds in a nutrient solution at the temperature of 35-38 ℃ for 2-3h, then hermetically wrapping and standing for 2-3h, taking out the cotton seeds, and uniformly stirring the cotton seeds with modified plant ash to obtain pretreated seeds, wherein the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the following steps: mixing willow leaves, sorghum seeds and water in a mass ratio of 1:2:40, boiling the mixture for 1.5 hours, and filtering the mixture to obtain nutrient solution and nutrient residues; the preparation method of the modified plant ash comprises the following steps:
a1, drying and crushing pyrethrum and nutrition slag respectively to obtain pyrethrum powder and nutrition slag powder;
2, adding water with the weight being 20 times of the total weight of the pyrethrum powder into the pyrethrum powder, boiling the mixture in water for 30min, adding nutritional slag powder, continuing boiling the mixture in water for 30min, adding 60% by weight of high-intensity seed dressing suspending agent and plant ash, and uniformly stirring the mixture to obtain modified plant ash, wherein the mass ratio of the pyrethrum powder to the nutritional slag powder to the 60% by weight of high-intensity seed dressing suspending agent to the plant ash is 10:20:0.01: 100;
step three, field planting: filling planting fertilizers in the planting holes to the height of 4.4-4.7cm, placing a pretreatment seed in the planting hole accounting for 4/5 of the total height, uniformly placing two pretreatment seeds in the rest planting holes, covering modified soil to fill the planting holes, and transplanting and supplementing seedlings after 25 days, wherein the preparation method of the planting fertilizers comprises the following steps:
1, pulverizing alfalfa and rape stems into 0.1-0.3cm sawdust to obtain alfalfa powder and rape stem powder, respectively drying and pulverizing lemon peel, chrysopa perla, mint, geranium and pyrethrum, pulverizing charcoal, and sieving with a 200-mesh and 300-mesh sieve to obtain charcoal powder;
2, mixing alfalfa powder, rape stalk powder, lemon peel powder, chrysopa powder, mint powder and pyrethrum powder to obtain mixed powder, adding water in an amount which is 20 times of the total mass of the mixed powder, decocting for 1.5 hours, adding charcoal powder, continuing to stir and decoct until the water content is 80-85%, and cooling to obtain a first material, wherein the mass ratio of the alfalfa powder, the rape stalk powder, the lemon peel powder, the chrysopa powder, the mint powder, the geranium powder, the pyrethrum powder and the charcoal powder is 40:50:5:6:4:5:4:5: 14;
the preparation method of the modified soil comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 300-400-mesh sand, 100-200-mesh vermiculite powder and 200-300-mesh charcoal in a mass ratio of 10:2: 1;
and step four, managing and harvesting.
Preferably, the base fertilizer in the first step comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of cotton stalks, 50 parts of chicken manure, 2 parts of edible fungus leftovers, 10 parts of corn cobs, 1 part of urea, 5 parts of calcium superphosphate, 3 parts of potassium chloride, 4 parts of EM (effective microorganisms) bacteria and 5 parts of corn stigma;
the preparation method of the base fertilizer comprises the following steps: based on the weight of the components, the weight percentage of the components,
c1, crushing the cotton stalks into 0.5-1cm sawdust to obtain cotton sawdust;
respectively drying and crushing corn cobs, edible fungus leftovers and corn stigma to obtain corn cob powder, edible fungus powder and corn stigma powder, adding water with the mass being 10 times of that of the corn stigma powder, and boiling the corn stigma powder to 1/2 of the original volume to obtain corn stigma liquid;
and c2, uniformly mixing the cotton sawdust, the corn cob powder, the edible fungus powder, the chicken manure and the corn stigma liquid, sterilizing at 130 ℃ for 50min, adding water until the water content is 55-60%, adding EM (effective microorganisms) to uniformly mix, regulating the temperature to 30-32 ℃, fermenting for 60h to obtain a fermented material, adding urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride to the fermented material, and uniformly stirring and mixing.
Preferably, the step three management specifically comprises: when 1 st main leaf is unfolded, the sick and weak residual seedlings are removed, when 2 nd to 3 rd main leaves are unfolded, one cotton seedling is left in each planting hole, then additional fertilization is carried out, intertillage weeding is carried out, then additional fertilization is respectively carried out in the fruiting period and the full fruiting period, and intertillage weeding is matched, wherein the additional fertilization is prepared by uniformly mixing urea, phosphate fertilizer and neem leaf powder in a mass ratio of 8:5:0.5, and the preparation method of the neem leaf powder comprises the steps of adding water with the weight 10 times of the total mass of the neem leaves into the neem leaves, decocting for 30min, concentrating, drying and crushing.
Preferably, when the 2 nd to 3 rd main leaves are unfolded, a closed viscose ring is coated along the circumferential direction of the cotton seedling reserved in each planting hole and 3 to 4cm away from the ground.
Preferably, the charcoal in the modified soil is pretreated before being mixed, and the pretreatment specifically comprises the following steps: adding 10% HCl solution 5 times the total mass of tobacco, reflux extracting for 20min, cooling to room temperature, dripping 30% NaOH solution, performing steam distillation reaction to obtain distillate, adding charcoal 0.5 times the total mass of tobacco into the distillate, decocting, parching, and drying.
Preferably, the modified soil also comprises bagasse with the length of 0.2-0.5cm, and the mass ratio of the bagasse to the 300-400-mesh sand is 10: 3.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
the base fertilizer comprises cotton stalks, chicken manure, edible fungus leftovers, corn cobs, urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride and corn stigma, is long in nutrition storage time and moderate in release, can provide moderate and sufficient nutrition for the growth of cotton in the whole cotton planting period, and can avoid germ harm to a certain extent.
Secondly, the nutrient solution is a poaching solution of willow leaves and sorghum seeds, which can effectively promote the absorption of cotton seeds to the nutrition of circumferential fertilizers, the periphery of the seeds is provided with a cube-like body, the field planting fertilizer is matched with modified plant ash for filling, the modified plant ash comprises pyrethrum, nutrient residues and 60% of high-intensity seed dressing suspending agents, the fixed-value fertilizer comprises alfalfa powder, rape stalk powder, lemon peel powder, green lacewing powder, mint powder, geranium powder, pyrethrum powder and charcoal powder, the damage of cotton aphids to cotton in the seedling stage can be effectively avoided, the damage rate of cotton aphids is reduced, the damage of other types of cotton pests to cotton in the seedling stage is reduced, the action time is prolonged, the protection time of cotton seedlings is prolonged, compared with the conventional soil covering, the covering of the modified soil effectively avoids soil hardening, the rotten buds and seeds caused by unsmooth nutrition transmission, and the setting of modified charcoal in the modified soil, can be combined with base fertilizer, planting fertilizer and nutrient fertilizer to further release at proper concentration for a long time to avoid plant diseases and insect pests in the seedling stage.
Thirdly, under the setting conditions of base fertilizer, planting fertilizer, modified soil and nutrient solution, the emergence rate is high, so that one pretreated seed can be placed in the planting hole accounting for 4/5 of the total amount, and the rest planting holes are used for planting two pretreated seeds, wherein half of the pretreated seeds are used as spare seedlings, so that the requirements of seedlings are met and the seed planting amount is reduced on the basis of no transplanting.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples so that those skilled in the art can practice the invention with reference to the description.
< example 1>
The planting method for reducing the insect pest in the seedling stage of the cotton comprises the following steps:
step one, soil preparation: deeply ploughing land within the range of 25-30cm, applying a base fertilizer, preparing and making a bed according to the row spacing of 70-75cm, wherein the height of the bed surface relative to the ground is within the range of 6-8cm, digging planting holes within the range of 45-50cm according to the plant spacing, and the planting holes are similar to cubes (approximate as much as possible) with the side length of 5.5-6cm, wherein the base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of cotton stalks, 50 parts of chicken manure, 2 parts of edible fungus leftovers (mainly black fungus root waste and lentinus edodes scrap), 10 parts of corn cobs (middle cobs with corn kernels removed), 1 part of urea, 5 parts of calcium superphosphate, 3 parts of potassium chloride, 4 parts of EM (effective microorganisms) and 5 parts of corn stigma;
the preparation method of the base fertilizer comprises the following steps: based on the weight of the components, the weight percentage of the components,
c1, crushing the cotton stalks into sawdust with a length of 0.5-1cm to obtain cotton sawdust;
respectively drying and crushing corn cobs, edible fungus leftovers and corn stigma to obtain corn cob powder, edible fungus powder and corn stigma powder, adding water with the mass being 10 times of that of the corn stigma powder, and boiling the corn stigma powder to 1/2 of the original volume to obtain corn stigma liquid;
c2, uniformly mixing the cotton sawdust, the corn cob powder, the edible fungus powder, the chicken manure and the corn stigma liquid, sterilizing at 130 ℃ for 50min, adding water until the water content is 55-60%, adding EM (effective microorganisms) to uniformly mix, regulating and controlling the temperature to be 30-32 ℃, fermenting for 60h to obtain a fermentation material, adding urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride to the fermentation material, and uniformly stirring and mixing;
step two, seed pretreatment: soaking cotton seeds in a nutrient solution at a temperature controlled within the range of 35-38 ℃ for 2.5h, then hermetically wrapping and standing for 2.5h, taking out the cotton seeds, and uniformly stirring the cotton seeds with modified plant ash to obtain pretreated seeds, wherein the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the following steps: mixing willow leaves, sorghum seeds and water in a mass ratio of 1:2:40, boiling the mixture for 1.5 hours, and filtering the mixture to obtain nutrient solution and nutrient residues; the preparation method of the modified plant ash comprises the following steps:
a1, drying and crushing pyrethrum and nutrition slag respectively to obtain pyrethrum powder and nutrition slag powder;
2, adding water with the weight being 20 times of the total weight of the pyrethrum powder into the pyrethrum powder, boiling the mixture in water for 30min, adding nutritional slag powder, continuing boiling the mixture in water for 30min, adding 60% by weight of high-intensity seed dressing suspending agent and plant ash, and uniformly stirring the mixture to obtain modified plant ash, wherein the mass ratio of the pyrethrum powder to the nutritional slag powder to the 60% by weight of high-intensity seed dressing suspending agent to the plant ash is 10:20:0.01: 100;
step three, field planting: filling planting fertilizers in the planting holes until the height is within the range of 4.4-4.7cm, placing a pretreatment seed in the planting hole accounting for 4/5 of the total height, uniformly placing two pretreatment seeds in the rest planting holes, covering modified soil to fill and level the planting holes, and transplanting and supplementing seedlings after 25 days, wherein the preparation method of the planting fertilizers comprises the following steps:
1, pulverizing alfalfa and rape stems into sawdust of 0.1-0.3cm to obtain alfalfa powder and rape stem powder, respectively drying and pulverizing lemon peel, chrysopa, mint, geranium and pyrethrum, pulverizing charcoal, and sieving with a 200-mesh and 300-mesh sieve to obtain charcoal powder;
2, mixing alfalfa powder, rape stalk powder, lemon peel powder, chrysopa powder, mint powder and pyrethrum powder to obtain mixed powder, adding water in an amount which is 20 times of the total mass of the mixed powder, decocting for 1.5 hours, adding charcoal powder, continuing to stir and decoct until the water content is 80-85%, and cooling to obtain a first material, wherein the mass ratio of the alfalfa powder, the rape stalk powder, the lemon peel powder, the chrysopa powder, the mint powder, the geranium powder, the pyrethrum powder and the charcoal powder is 40:50:5:6:4:5:4:5: 14;
the preparation method of the modified soil comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 300-400-mesh sand, 100-200-mesh vermiculite powder, 200-300-mesh charcoal and bagasse with the length of 0.2-0.5cm in a mass ratio of 10:2:1:3, wherein the pretreatment is carried out before the charcoal is mixed, and the pretreatment specifically comprises the following steps: adding 10% HCl solution 5 times the total mass of tobacco, reflux extracting for 20min, cooling to room temperature, dripping 30% NaOH solution, performing steam distillation reaction to obtain distillate, adding charcoal 0.5 times the total mass of tobacco into the distillate, decocting, parching, and drying;
step four, management: removing diseased and weak residual seedlings when a1 st main leaf is unfolded, reserving a cotton seedling in each planting hole and then performing topdressing for intertillage weeding when a2 nd to 3 rd main leaves are unfolded, respectively performing topdressing in a fruiting period and a full fruiting period, and performing intertillage weeding in a matching manner, wherein the topdressing is prepared by uniformly mixing urea, phosphate fertilizer and neem leaf powder in a mass ratio of 8:5:0.5, and the neem leaf powder is prepared by adding water with the total mass being 10 times of the neem leaf into the neem leaf, decocting for 30min, concentrating, drying and crushing, namely, coating a closed ring along the circumferential direction of 3-4cm away from the ground of the cotton seedling reserved in each planting hole when the 2 nd to 3 rd main leaves are unfolded, and the viscose ring is prepared from non-toxic and non-viscose dry viscose shellac;
and (6) harvesting.
< example 2>
The planting method for reducing the insect pests in the seedling stage of the cotton comprises the following steps of:
firstly, the depth of a planting hole is within the range of 1.5-2 cm;
and step three, filling planting fertilizers in the planting holes without filling the planting fertilizers, and directly placing one pretreated seed in each planting hole.
< example 3>
The planting method for reducing the insect pests in the seedling stage of the cotton comprises the following steps of:
and (3) applying 20-23kg of urea and 50-55kg of calcium superphosphate to each mu of base fertilizer in the step one, and placing one pretreated seed in each planting hole.
< example 4>
The planting method for reducing the insect pests in the seedling stage of the cotton comprises the following steps of:
the modified soil in the third step is conventional soil, and one pretreated seed is placed in each planting hole.
< example 5>
The planting method for reducing the insect pests in the seedling stage of the cotton comprises the following steps of:
placing a pretreatment seed in each planting hole, wherein the seed pretreatment method specifically comprises the following steps: soaking cotton seeds in water at 35-38 deg.C for 2.5 hr, sealing, wrapping, standing for 2.5 hr, taking out, and stirring with plant ash to obtain pretreated seeds.
< comparative example 1>
The planting method for reducing the insect pests in the seedling stage of the cotton comprises the following steps of:
applying 20-23kg of urea and 50-55kg of calcium superphosphate to each mu of base fertilizer in the step one;
firstly, the depth of a planting hole is within the range of 1.5-2 cm;
in the third step, a planting hole is not filled with planting fertilizer, pretreated seeds are directly placed, and then conventional soil is covered, wherein the method for pretreating the seeds specifically comprises the following steps: soaking cotton seeds in water at 35-38 deg.C for 2.5 hr, sealing, wrapping, standing for 2.5 hr, taking out, and stirring with plant ash to obtain pretreated seeds.
< experiment >
In the same area, 920 full cotton seeds in the same batch are randomly selected and divided into six groups (specifically, 360 seeds correspond to example 1, 50 seeds correspond to each example 2-5, and 360 seeds correspond to comparative example 1), and the seedlings are respectively cultivated according to the planting methods of examples 1-5 and comparative example 1, and other management methods are the same.
1, seedlings emerge from pretreated seeds in 50 planting holes of example 2, but statistics is carried out at the same time in the seedling stage, the height and diameter of the seedlings are generally smaller than those of example 1, and 3 aphid seedlings appear before transplanting and replanting;
all the pretreated seeds in 50 planting holes in example 3 emerge, but the statistics is carried out at the same time in the fruiting period, and the height and diameter of the seedlings are generally smaller than those in example 1;
6 pretreated seeds in 50 planting holes of example 4 can not emerge by themselves;
the pretreated seeds in 50 planting holes of the example 5 all emerge, but the root depth of the seedlings is far less than the average root depth of the redundant seedlings pulled out in the example when counted at the same time in the seedling stage, and the plant height and the diameter of the seedlings are generally less than those in the example 1.
2. The number of aphid seedlings, the number of red spider seedlings, the number of cotton thrips seedlings and the number of insect seedlings before transplanting and replanting in the cotton planting period of example 1 and comparative example 1 are counted, and the overall number of aphid seedlings, the number of red spider seedlings, the number of cotton thrips seedlings and the number of insect seedlings in the cotton planting period are shown in a table 1:
TABLE 1 incidence of insect pests at seedling stage of example 1 and comparative example 1 cotton
| Before transplanting and replanting | Number of aphid seedlings | Number of red spider seedlings | Seedling number of cotton thrips | Number of insect seedlings |
| Example 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 13 |
| Comparative example 1 | 12 | 19 | 22 | 63 |
| During cotton planting | Number of aphid seedlings | Red spider shoot number | Seedling number of Cynara scolymus L | Number of insect seedlings |
| Example 1 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 16 |
| Comparative example 1 | 17 | 21 | 31 | 88 |
Wherein, the incidence rate of insect pest is (insect pest seedling number/360) × 100%, and the insect pest appears in the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 for seconds, the direct physical method pulls out the insect pest seedling, and effectively carries out physical isolation, avoids infection.
3. The cotton emergence rate and the yield per mu of the example 1 and the comparative example 1 are counted, and the specific results are shown in a table 2:
TABLE 2 incidence of insect pests in seedling stage of cotton in example 1 and comparative example 1
| Rate of emergence | Yield per mu | |
| Example 1 | 97.2％ | 831kg |
| Comparative example 1 | 81％ | 524kg |
Wherein, the emergence rate is (number of emergence/360) × 100%.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable to various fields of endeavor for which the invention may be embodied with additional modifications as would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the invention is therefore not limited to the details given herein and to the embodiments shown and described without departing from the generic concept as defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. The planting method for reducing the insect pest in the seedling stage of the cotton is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, soil preparation: deeply ploughing 25-30cm of land, applying base fertilizer, preparing land according to the row spacing of 70-75cm, and digging planting holes according to the plant spacing of 45-50cm, wherein the planting holes are similar to a cube with the side length of 5.5-6 cm;
step two, seed pretreatment: soaking cotton seeds in a nutrient solution at the temperature of 35-38 ℃ for 2-3h, then hermetically wrapping and standing for 2-3h, taking out the cotton seeds, and uniformly stirring the cotton seeds with modified plant ash to obtain pretreated seeds, wherein the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the following steps: mixing willow leaves, sorghum seeds and water in a mass ratio of 1:2:40, boiling the mixture for 1.5 hours, and filtering the mixture to obtain nutrient solution and nutrient residues; the preparation method of the modified plant ash comprises the following steps:
a1, drying and crushing pyrethrum and nutrition slag respectively to obtain pyrethrum powder and nutrition slag powder;
2, adding water with the weight being 20 times of the total weight of the pyrethrum powder into the pyrethrum powder, boiling the mixture in water for 30min, adding nutritional slag powder, continuing boiling the mixture in water for 30min, adding 60% by weight of high-intensity seed dressing suspending agent and plant ash, and uniformly stirring the mixture to obtain modified plant ash, wherein the mass ratio of the pyrethrum powder to the nutritional slag powder to the 60% by weight of high-intensity seed dressing suspending agent to the plant ash is 10:20:0.01: 100;
step three, field planting: filling planting fertilizers in the planting holes to the height of 4.4-4.7cm, placing a pretreatment seed in the planting hole accounting for 4/5 of the total height, uniformly placing two pretreatment seeds in the rest planting holes, covering modified soil to fill the planting holes, and transplanting and supplementing seedlings after 25 days, wherein the preparation method of the planting fertilizers comprises the following steps:
1, pulverizing alfalfa and rape stems into 0.1-0.3cm sawdust to obtain alfalfa powder and rape stem powder, respectively drying and pulverizing lemon peel, chrysopa perla, mint, geranium and pyrethrum, pulverizing charcoal, and sieving with a 200-mesh and 300-mesh sieve to obtain charcoal powder;
2, mixing alfalfa powder, rape stalk powder, lemon peel powder, chrysopa powder, mint powder and pyrethrum powder to obtain mixed powder, adding water in an amount which is 20 times of the total mass of the mixed powder, decocting for 1.5 hours, adding charcoal powder, continuing to stir and decoct until the water content is 80-85%, and cooling to obtain a first material, wherein the mass ratio of the alfalfa powder, the rape stalk powder, the lemon peel powder, the chrysopa powder, the mint powder, the geranium powder, the pyrethrum powder and the charcoal powder is 40:50:5:6:4:5:4:5: 14;
the preparation method of the modified soil comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 300-400-mesh sand, 100-200-mesh vermiculite powder and 200-300-mesh charcoal in a mass ratio of 10:2: 1;
and step four, managing and harvesting.
2. The planting method for reducing the insect damage of cotton in the seedling stage of the cotton as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer in the first step comprises the following components by weight: 35 parts of cotton stalks, 50 parts of chicken manure, 2 parts of edible fungus leftovers, 10 parts of corn cobs, 1 part of urea, 5 parts of calcium superphosphate, 3 parts of potassium chloride, 4 parts of EM (effective microorganisms) bacteria and 5 parts of corn stigma;
the preparation method of the base fertilizer comprises the following steps: based on the weight of the components, the weight percentage of the components,
c1, crushing the cotton stalks into 0.5-1cm sawdust to obtain cotton sawdust;
respectively drying and crushing corn cobs, edible fungus leftovers and corn stigma to obtain corn cob powder, edible fungus powder and corn stigma powder, adding water with the mass being 10 times of that of the corn stigma powder, and boiling the corn stigma powder to 1/2 of the original volume to obtain corn stigma liquid;
and c2, uniformly mixing the cotton sawdust, the corn cob powder, the edible fungus powder, the chicken manure and the corn stigma liquid, sterilizing at 130 ℃ for 50min, adding water until the water content is 55-60%, adding EM (effective microorganisms) to uniformly mix, regulating the temperature to 30-32 ℃, fermenting for 60h to obtain a fermented material, adding urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride to the fermented material, and uniformly stirring and mixing.
3. The planting method for reducing the insect damage of the cotton in the seedling stage according to claim 1, wherein the management in the third step is specifically as follows: when 1 st main leaf is unfolded, the sick and weak residual seedlings are removed, when 2 nd to 3 rd main leaves are unfolded, one cotton seedling is left in each planting hole, then additional fertilization is carried out, intertillage weeding is carried out, then additional fertilization is respectively carried out in the fruiting period and the full fruiting period, and intertillage weeding is matched, wherein the additional fertilization is prepared by uniformly mixing urea, phosphate fertilizer and neem leaf powder in a mass ratio of 8:5:0.5, and the preparation method of the neem leaf powder comprises the steps of adding water with the weight 10 times of the total mass of the neem leaves into the neem leaves, decocting for 30min, concentrating, drying and crushing.
4. The planting method for reducing the insect damage of cotton in the seedling stage of claim 3, wherein when the 2 nd to 3 rd main leaves are unfolded, a closed viscose ring is coated along the circumferential direction of the cotton seedling reserved in each planting hole, which is 3 to 4cm away from the ground.
5. A planting method for reducing insect pests at a cotton seedling stage as claimed in claim 1, wherein the modified soil is pretreated before being mixed with charcoal, and the pretreatment is specifically as follows: adding 10% HCl solution 5 times the total mass of tobacco, reflux extracting for 20min, cooling to room temperature, dripping 30% NaOH solution, performing steam distillation reaction to obtain distillate, adding charcoal 0.5 times the total mass of tobacco into the distillate, decocting, parching, and drying.
6. The planting method for reducing the insect pest in the seedling stage of cotton as claimed in claim 1, wherein the modified soil further comprises bagasse with a length of 0.2-0.5cm, and the mass ratio of the bagasse to the 300-400 mesh sand is 10: 3.
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