CN109197483A - Reduce the implantation methods of cotton in seedling stage insect pest - Google Patents

Reduce the implantation methods of cotton in seedling stage insect pest Download PDF

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CN109197483A
CN109197483A CN201811351423.2A CN201811351423A CN109197483A CN 109197483 A CN109197483 A CN 109197483A CN 201811351423 A CN201811351423 A CN 201811351423A CN 109197483 A CN109197483 A CN 109197483A
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powder
cotton
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seedling stage
insect pest
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CN109197483B (en
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龙光伟
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Liu Xinghai
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/50—Cotton
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
    • C05B1/02—Superphosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of implantation methods for reducing cotton in seedling stage insect pest, comprising the following steps: Step 1: site preparation；Step 2: Seeds preprocess: cotton seeds being stood 2-3h in nutrient solution controlled at package closed after 35-38 DEG C of immersion 2-3h, takes out and is mixed with modified plant ash, obtain pretreatment seed；Step 3: field planting: filling field planting fertilizer to height is 4.4-4.7cm in kind of plant hole, a pretreatment seed is placed in the kind plant hole for wherein accounting for total amount 4/5, two pretreatment seeds are uniformly placed in remaining kind of plant hole, covering modified soil fills and leads up kind of a plant hole, and transplanting is filled the gaps with seedlings after 25 days；Step 4: management, harvesting.The present invention has reduction cotton in seedling stage insect pest, and seedling stage disease pest drug resistance is avoided to generate, and improves the beneficial effect of cotton per mu yield.

Description

Reduce the implantation methods of cotton in seedling stage insect pest
Technical field
The present invention relates to cotton planting technical fields.It is more particularly related to a kind of reduction cotton in seedling stage insect pest Implantation methods.
Background technique
For cotton before buddingging, room is small, and root system is still undeveloped, and seedling stage disease pest is more with type, development is fast, harm The feature of weight, often will cause cotton field be short of seedling disconnected ridge, it is serious when it is large stretch of dead, wherein aphid is the primary pest of cotton in seedling stage One of, aphid is pierced into cotton leaf back or tender head with piercing mouth parts, sucks juice, and by the cotton seedling that aphid encroaches on, blade is withered and yellow It falls off, the honeydew that surface has aphid to drain is also easy to induce mould growth；Red spider causes leaf in cotton leaf back piercing and sucking juice There is macula lutea, erythema or yellowish-white spot in piece chlorosis, causes blade is withered to fall off when endangering serious, cotton plant is withered；Cotton thrips adult and Weak worm, which focuses mostly on, draws juice in the tender head of cotton plant and blade back, and after cotton seedling is killed, yellow green or silvery white occurs in cotyledons thick, the back side Fleck, growing point is shrivelled, can not grow shoot and causes to be short of seedling, though what is had can send forth branches, point several forks of growing point make cotton Breeding time is spent to postpone, knot bell is few and the underproduction, existing a large amount of use pesticides carry out cotton in seedling stage pest prevention, but it easily causes seedling Phase disease pest drug resistance and cause using effect not good enough with using, cotton in seedling stage insect pest how is effectively reduced, and avoid seedling stage sick The generation of worm drug resistance is current urgent problem.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve at least the above problems, and provide the advantages of at least will be described later.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a kind of implantation methods for reducing cotton in seedling stage insect pest, can be effectively reduced Cotton in seedling stage insect pest, and avoid seedling stage disease pest drug resistance from generating, while improving cotton per mu yield.
In order to realize these purposes and other advantages according to the present invention, providing a kind of living reduces cotton in seedling stage insect pest Implantation methods, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: site preparation: soil is deep ploughed 25-30cm, basal dressing, according to line-spacing 70-75cm site preparation bedding, according to spacing in the rows 45-50cm digs kind of a plant hole, and kind plant hole is that the class that side length is 5.5-6cm is cube shaped；
Step 2: Seeds preprocess: by cotton seeds controlled at closed after 35-38 DEG C of immersion 2-3h in nutrient solution Package stand 2-3h, take out with modification plant ash mix, obtain pretreatment seed, wherein nutrient solution the preparation method comprises the following steps: by quality Boiling 1.5h after mixing than willow leaf, sorghum seed and the water for 1:2:40, filters to obtain nutrient solution and nutrition slag；Modified plant ash The preparation method comprises the following steps:
A1, Dalmatian chrysanthemum, nutrition slag are separately dried the perian insect powder of crushing, nutrition ground-slag；
A2,20 times of its gross mass water measured are added into perian insect powder, nutrition ground-slag is added after boiling 30min and continues boiling The skilful seed dressing suspending agent of the height that mass fraction is 60% is added in 30min, plant ash stirs evenly to obtain modified plant ash, wherein deinsectization The mass ratio of the skilful seed dressing suspending agent of the height that inulin, nutrition ground-slag, mass fraction are 60% and plant ash is 10:20:0.01: 100；
Step 3: field planting: filling field planting fertilizer to height is 4.4-4.7cm in kind of plant hole, in the kind for wherein accounting for total amount 4/5 A pretreatment seed is placed in plant hole, two pretreatment seeds are uniformly placed in remaining kind of plant hole, and covering modified soil is filled and led up Kind of plant hole, transplanting is filled the gaps with seedlings after 25 days, wherein be colonized fertilizer the preparation method comprises the following steps:
B1, the sawdust that clover, rape straw are ground into 0.1-0.3cm, obtain alfalfa meal, rape straw powder, by lemon peel, grass Sandfly, peppermint, fish pelargonium, Dalmatian chrysanthemum, which are separately dried, to crush, and charcoal crushed 200-300 mesh, obtain charcoal powder；
B2, alfalfa meal, rape straw powder, lemon peel powder, Chrysopa powder, Herba Menthae powder and perian insect powder are mixed into obtain mixed powder, to The water of 20 times of its gross mass amounts is added in mixed powder, decocts 1.5h, charcoal powder is added afterwards, continuing stirring decoction to water content is 80-85%, cooling first material, wherein alfalfa meal, rape straw powder, lemon peel powder, Chrysopa powder, Herba Menthae powder, fish pelargonium powder, The mass ratio of perian insect powder and charcoal powder is 40:50:5:6:4:5:4:5:14；
Modified soil the preparation method comprises the following steps: by mass ratio be the 300-400 mesh sand of 10:2:1,100-200 mesh vermiculite power and 200-300 mesh charcoal is uniformly mixed；
Step 4: management, harvesting.
Preferably, base manure component meter by weight includes: 35 parts of cotton tangerine bars, 50 parts of chicken manures, 2 parts of edible mushrooms in step 1 Leftover bits and pieces, 10 portions of corn ear, 1 part of urea, 5 parts of calcium superphosphate, 3 parts of potassium chloride, 4 parts of EM bacterium, 5 parts of corn stigmas；
Wherein, base manure the preparation method comprises the following steps: component meter by weight,
C1, the sawdust that cotton tangerine bar is ground into 0.5-1cm, obtain cotton sawdust；
Corn ear, edible fungi leftovers, corn stigma are separately dried and crush to obtain corn ear powder, powder of edible fungus, corn stigma powder, The water boiling of 10 times of its quality amounts is added into corn stigma powder to the 1/2 of original volume, obtains corn stigma liquid；
C2, by cotton sawdust, corn ear powder, powder of edible fungus, chicken manure, corn stigma liquid be uniformly mixed be placed on 130 DEG C of sterilizings After 50min, adding water to water content is 55-60%, and EM bacterium is added and is uniformly mixed, and regulating and controlling temperature is 30-32 DEG C of fermentation 60h, must be sent out Ferment material is added urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride into fermentation material and is uniformly mixed.
Preferably, step 3 management specifically: remove sick and weak residual seedling, the expansion of 2-3 piece true leaf when the 1st true leaf expansion When, every kind of plant hole, which stays, carries out dressing fertilizer after a cotton seedling, carry out tillage and weeding, after imposed respectively in fruiting period and the best fruiting period Fertilizer, and cooperate tillage and weeding, wherein the preparation method of dressing fertilizer is by the urea, phosphate fertilizer and neem leaf of mass ratio 8:5:0.5 Powder is uniformly mixed, the preparation method of neem leaf powder is the water decoction 30min that 10 times of its gross mass amounts are added into neem leaf It is concentrated and dried and crushes afterwards.
Preferably, when 2-3 piece true leaf is unfolded, retaining cotton spacing along every kind of plant hole, the circumferential of 3-4cm applies one from the ground The viscose glue ring of closure.
Preferably, it is pre-processed, is pre-processed specifically: it is added into tobacco before the charcoal mixing in modified soil 10% HCl solution of 5 times of gross mass amounts, refluxing extraction 20min are cooled to room temperature, and 30% NaOH solution is added dropwise, and carry out water Steam distillation reaction, obtains distillate, and the charcoal of 0.5 times of tobacco gross mass amount is added into distillate, and frying charcoal is dry after decoction It is dry.
It preferably, further include bagasse that length is 0.2-0.5cm, bagasse and 300-400 mesh sand in modified soil Mass ratio be 10:3.
The present invention is include at least the following beneficial effects:
The first, base manure include cotton tangerine bar, chicken manure, edible fungi leftovers, corn ear, urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride, Corn stigma, nutrition storage time is long, release appropriateness, can the growth during entire cotton planting for cotton appropriate abundance is provided Nutrition, germ can be avoided to endanger to a certain extent.
The second, nutrient solution is willow leaf, and the water cooking liquid of sorghum seed can effectively promote cotton seeds and seek to circumferential fertilizer Feeding absorption, setting class is cube shaped around seed, is colonized fertilizer and modified plant ash is cooperated to fill, modified plant ash includes removing Worm chrysanthemum, nutrition slag, 60% the skilful seed dressing suspending agent of height, definite value fertilizer includes alfalfa meal, rape straw powder, lemon peel powder, Chrysopa powder, thin Lotus powder, fish pelargonium powder, perian insect powder and charcoal powder can effectively avoid harm of the cotton aphid to seedling stage cotton, reduce cotten aphid Hazard ratio, while slowing down other injuries of type cotton pest to seedling stage cotton, and extend action time raising to cotton seedling Guard time, covering for the covering of conventional soil for modified soil, effectively avoids soil hardening, nutrition transmission is obstructed Rotten bud, rotten seed caused by smooth, and the setting of the modification charcoal in modified soil can combine base manure, be colonized fertile, nutrition fertilizer into one Debita spissitudo release avoids seedling stage diseases and pests to step in a long time.
Under the conditions of the setting of base manure, field planting fertilizer, modified soil and nutrient solution, emergence rate is high for third, sowing, so can Using a pretreatment seed is placed in the kind plant hole for accounting for total amount 4/5, residue plants two pretreatment seeds of bunch planting kind, wherein one Half meets seedling demand and reduces seed application rate as spare seedling on the basis of transplanting.
Further advantage, target and feature of the invention will be partially reflected by the following instructions, and part will also be by this The research and practice of invention and be understood by the person skilled in the art.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, to enable those skilled in the art referring to specification Text can be implemented accordingly.
<embodiment 1>
Reduce the implantation methods of cotton in seedling stage insect pest, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: site preparation: soil is deep ploughed within the scope of 25-30cm, basal dressing, according to line-spacing 70-75cm site preparation bedding, furrow Face is within the scope of 6-8cm relative to the height on ground, and according to kind of a plant hole is dug within the scope of spacing in the rows 45-50cm, kind plant hole is that side length is Class within the scope of 5.5-6cm is cube shaped (as approximate as possible), wherein base manure component meter by weight include: 35 parts of cotton tangerine bars, 50 parts of chicken manures, 2 parts of edible fungi leftovers (predominantly black fungus root waste material and mushroom cut heel), (removal is beautiful for 10 portions of corn ear The intermediate barred body of the grain of rice), 1 part of urea, 5 parts of calcium superphosphate, 3 parts of potassium chloride, 4 parts of EM bacterium, 5 parts of corn stigmas；
Wherein, base manure the preparation method comprises the following steps: component meter by weight,
C1, cotton tangerine bar is ground into the sawdust in 0.5-1cm length range, obtains cotton sawdust；
Corn ear, edible fungi leftovers, corn stigma are separately dried and crush to obtain corn ear powder, powder of edible fungus, corn stigma powder, The water boiling of 10 times of its quality amounts is added into corn stigma powder to the 1/2 of original volume, obtains corn stigma liquid；
C2, by cotton sawdust, corn ear powder, powder of edible fungus, chicken manure, corn stigma liquid be uniformly mixed be placed on 130 DEG C of sterilizings After 50min, adding water to water content is that EM bacterium is added and is uniformly mixed within the scope of 55-60%, and regulating and controlling temperature is within the scope of 30-32 DEG C Ferment 60h, obtains fermentation material, and urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride are added into fermentation material and is uniformly mixed；
Step 2: Seeds preprocess: by cotton seeds controlled at impregnating 2.5h within the scope of 35-38 DEG C in nutrient solution Closed package stands 2.5h afterwards, takes out and is mixed with modification plant ash, obtains pretreatment seed, wherein nutrient solution the preparation method comprises the following steps: Boiling 1.5h after willow leaf, sorghum seed and water that mass ratio is 1:2:40 are mixed, filters to obtain nutrient solution and nutrition slag；Modified grass Wood ash the preparation method comprises the following steps:
A1, Dalmatian chrysanthemum, nutrition slag are separately dried the perian insect powder of crushing, nutrition ground-slag；
A2,20 times of its gross mass water measured are added into perian insect powder, nutrition ground-slag is added after boiling 30min and continues boiling The skilful seed dressing suspending agent of the height that mass fraction is 60% is added in 30min, plant ash stirs evenly to obtain modified plant ash, wherein deinsectization The mass ratio of the skilful seed dressing suspending agent of the height that inulin, nutrition ground-slag, mass fraction are 60% and plant ash is 10:20:0.01: 100；
Step 3: field planting: filling field planting fertilizer to height is to account for total amount wherein within the scope of 4.4-4.7cm in kind of plant hole A pretreatment seed is placed in 4/5 kind plant hole, is uniformly placed two pretreatment seeds in remaining kind of plant hole, is covered Modified soil Earth fills and leads up kind of a plant hole, after 25 days transplanting fill the gaps with seedlings, wherein be colonized fertilizer the preparation method comprises the following steps:
B1, clover, rape straw are ground into the sawdust within the scope of 0.1-0.3cm, alfalfa meal, rape straw powder are obtained, by lemon Skin, Chrysopa, peppermint, fish pelargonium, Dalmatian chrysanthemum, which are separately dried, to crush, and charcoal crushed 200-300 mesh, obtain charcoal powder；
B2, alfalfa meal, rape straw powder, lemon peel powder, Chrysopa powder, Herba Menthae powder and perian insect powder are mixed into obtain mixed powder, to The water of 20 times of its gross mass amounts is added in mixed powder, decocts 1.5h, charcoal powder is added afterwards, continuing stirring decoction to water content is Within the scope of 80-85%, cooling first material, wherein alfalfa meal, rape straw powder, lemon peel powder, Chrysopa powder, Herba Menthae powder, India The mass ratio of certain herbaceous plants with big flowers powder, perian insect powder and charcoal powder is 40:50:5:6:4:5:4:5:14；
Modified soil the preparation method comprises the following steps: by mass ratio be the 300-400 mesh sand of 10:2:1:3,100-200 mesh vermiculite power, 200-300 mesh charcoal and length are that the bagasse within the scope of 0.2-0.5cm is uniformly mixed, wherein are carried out before charcoal mixing Pretreatment, pretreatment specifically: 10% HCl solutions of 5 times of its gross mass amounts are added into tobacco, refluxing extraction 20min is cold But to room temperature, 30% NaOH solution is added dropwise, carries out steam distillation reaction, obtains distillate, it is total that tobacco is added into distillate The charcoal of 0.5 times of quality amount, frying charcoal is dry after decoction；
Step 4: management: removing sick and weak residual seedling when the 1st true leaf expansion, when 2-3 piece true leaf is unfolded, every kind of plant hole is stayed Carry out dressing fertilizer after one cotton seedling, carry out tillage and weeding, after in fruiting period and the best fruiting period carry out dressing fertilizer respectively, and intertillage is cooperated to remove Grass, wherein the preparation method of dressing fertilizer is to be uniformly mixed the urea of mass ratio 8:5:0.5, phosphate fertilizer and neem leaf powder, The preparation method of neem leaf powder is concentrated and dried after being the water decoction 30min that 10 times of its gross mass amounts are added into neem leaf and crushes, , when 2-3 piece true leaf is unfolded, retaining cotton spacing along every kind of plant hole, the circumferential of 3-4cm applies a viscose glue ring being closed from the ground, Viscose glue ring is made of nontoxic not dry insect sticker；
Harvesting.
<embodiment 2>
Reduce the implantation methods of cotton in seedling stage insect pest, step 1 to step 4 with embodiment 1, unlike:
The depth of step a kind plant hole is within the scope of 1.5-2cm；
Not in kind of plant hole, filling field planting is fertile in step 3, and a pretreatment seed is placed directly in each kind of plant hole.
<embodiment 3>
Reduce the implantation methods of cotton in seedling stage insect pest, step 1 to step 4 with embodiment 1, unlike:
Base manure in step 1 is put in each kind of plant hole according to urea 20-23kg, calcium superphosphate 50-55kg is applied per acre Set a pretreatment seed.
<embodiment 4>
Reduce the implantation methods of cotton in seedling stage insect pest, step 1 to step 4 with embodiment 1, unlike:
Modified soil in step 3 is conventional soil, and a pretreatment seed is placed in each kind of plant hole.
<embodiment 5>
Reduce the implantation methods of cotton in seedling stage insect pest, step 1 to step 4 with embodiment 1, unlike:
A pretreatment seed, the method for Seeds preprocess specifically: cotton seeds exist are placed in each kind of plant hole Controlled at closed package standing 2.5h after 2.5h is impregnated within the scope of 35-38 DEG C in water, taking-up is mixed with plant ash, obtains pre- place Manage seed.
<comparative example 1>
Reduce the implantation methods of cotton in seedling stage insect pest, step 1 to step 4 with embodiment 1, unlike:
Base manure in step 1 according to applying urea 20-23kg, calcium superphosphate 50-55kg per acre；
The depth of step a kind plant hole is within the scope of 1.5-2cm；
Not in kind of plant hole, filling field planting is fertile in step 3, directly puts pretreatment seed, rear to cover conventional soil, and seed is pre- The method of processing specifically: cotton seeds are quiet controlled at closed package after 2.5h is impregnated within the scope of 35-38 DEG C in water 2.5h is set, taking-up is mixed with plant ash, obtains pretreatment seed.
<experiment>
In identical area, full cotton seeds 920 of same batch are randomly choosed, six groups of (specially embodiments 1 are divided into Corresponding 360, each embodiment of embodiment 2-5 is 50 corresponding, and comparative example 1 is 360 corresponding), respectively according to embodiment 1-5 and The implantation methods of comparative example 1 carry out nursery, other management methods are identical.
1, the pretreatment seed in 50 kinds of plant holes of embodiment 2 is emerged, but seedling stage same time counts, the plant height of seedling Slightly generally it is less than embodiment 1 with diameter, and occurs 3 aphid seedlings before transplanting is filled the gaps with seedlings；
Pretreatment seed in 50 kinds of plant holes of embodiment 3 is emerged, but period same time counts, the plant height of seedling Slightly generally it is less than embodiment 1 with diameter；
Pretreatment seed in 50 kinds of plant holes of embodiment 4 has 6 cannot voluntarily emerge；
Pretreatment seed in 50 kinds of plant holes of embodiment 5 is emerged, but same time counts in seedling stage, and the root of seedling is deep Much smaller than the average root depth for the extra seedling that embodiment is pulled out, and the plant height of seedling and diameter are slightly generally less than embodiment 1.
2, aphid seedling number, red spider seedling number, cotton Ji before transplanting is filled the gaps with seedlings during 1 cotton planting of Statistics Implementation example 1 and comparative example Horse seedling number, insect pest seedling number, whole aphid seedling number, red spider seedling number, cotton thrips seedling number, insect pest seedling number during cotton planting, tool Body the results are shown in Table 1:
1 cotton in seedling stage insect pest incidence of 1 embodiment 1 of table and comparative example
Before transplanting is filled the gaps with seedlings Aphid seedling number Red spider seedling number Cotton thrips seedling number Insect pest seedling number
Embodiment 1 1 3 5 13
Comparative example 1 12 19 22 63
During cotton planting Aphid seedling number Red spider seedling number Cotton Ji seedling number Insect pest seedling number
Embodiment 1 2 4 7 16
Comparative example 1 17 21 31 88
Wherein, insect pest incidence=(insect pest seedling number/360) * 100%, there is the insect pest second in embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, directly It connects physical method and pulls out insect pest seedling, and be effectively physically separated, keep off infection.
3, Statistics Implementation example 1 and 1 cotton emergence rate of comparative example and per mu yield, concrete outcome are shown in Table 2:
1 cotton in seedling stage insect pest incidence of 2 embodiment 1 of table and comparative example
Emergence rate Per mu yield
Embodiment 1 97.2% 831kg
Comparative example 1 81% 524kg
Wherein, emergence rate=(emergence number/360) * 100%.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, but its is not only in the description and the implementation listed With it can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention, for those skilled in the art, can be easily Realize other modification, therefore without departing from the general concept defined in the claims and the equivalent scope, the present invention is simultaneously unlimited In specific details and embodiment shown and described herein.

Claims (6)

1. reducing the implantation methods of cotton in seedling stage insect pest, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: site preparation: soil is deep ploughed 25-30cm, basal dressing, according to line-spacing 70-75cm site preparation bedding, according to spacing in the rows 45- 50cm digs kind of a plant hole, and kind plant hole is that the class that side length is 5.5-6cm is cube shaped；
Step 2: Seeds preprocess: by cotton seeds controlled at closed package after 35-38 DEG C of immersion 2-3h in nutrient solution Stand 2-3h, take out with modification plant ash mix, obtain pretreatment seed, wherein nutrient solution the preparation method comprises the following steps: being by mass ratio Boiling 1.5h after willow leaf, sorghum seed and the water of 1:2:40 mixes, filters to obtain nutrient solution and nutrition slag；The preparation of modified plant ash Method are as follows:
A1, Dalmatian chrysanthemum, nutrition slag are separately dried the perian insect powder of crushing, nutrition ground-slag；
A2,20 times of its gross mass water measured are added into perian insect powder, nutrition ground-slag is added after boiling 30min and continues boiling The skilful seed dressing suspending agent of the height that mass fraction is 60% is added in 30min, plant ash stirs evenly to obtain modified plant ash, wherein deinsectization The mass ratio of the skilful seed dressing suspending agent of the height that inulin, nutrition ground-slag, mass fraction are 60% and plant ash is 10:20:0.01: 100；
Step 3: field planting: filling field planting fertilizer to height is 4.4-4.7cm in kind of plant hole, in the kind plant hole for wherein accounting for total amount 4/5 One pretreatment seed of interior placement uniformly places two pretreatment seeds in remaining kind of plant hole, covers modified soil and fill and lead up plantation Cave, after 25 days transplanting fill the gaps with seedlings, wherein be colonized fertilizer the preparation method comprises the following steps:
B1, the sawdust that clover, rape straw are ground into 0.1-0.3cm, obtain alfalfa meal, rape straw powder, by lemon peel, Chrysopa, thin Lotus, fish pelargonium, Dalmatian chrysanthemum, which are separately dried, to crush, and charcoal crushed 200-300 mesh, obtain charcoal powder；
B2, alfalfa meal, rape straw powder, lemon peel powder, Chrysopa powder, Herba Menthae powder and perian insect powder are mixed into obtain mixed powder, to mixing The water of 20 times of its gross mass amounts is added in powder, decocts 1.5h, charcoal powder is added afterwards, continues stirring to decoct to water content to be 80- 85%, cooling first material, wherein alfalfa meal, rape straw powder, lemon peel powder, Chrysopa powder, Herba Menthae powder, fish pelargonium powder, deinsectization The mass ratio of inulin and charcoal powder is 40:50:5:6:4:5:4:5:14；
Modified soil the preparation method comprises the following steps: by mass ratio be 10:2:1 300-400 mesh sand, 100-200 mesh vermiculite power and 200- 300 mesh charcoals are uniformly mixed；
Step 4: management, harvesting.
2. reducing the implantation methods of cotton in seedling stage insect pest as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that base manure is by weight in step 1 Amount component meter includes: 35 parts of cotton tangerine bars, 50 parts of chicken manures, 2 parts of edible fungi leftovers, 10 portions of corn ear, 1 part of urea, 5 parts of mistake phosphorus Sour calcium, 3 parts of potassium chloride, 4 parts of EM bacterium, 5 parts of corn stigmas；
Wherein, base manure the preparation method comprises the following steps: component meter by weight,
C1, the sawdust that cotton tangerine bar is ground into 0.5-1cm, obtain cotton sawdust；
Corn ear, edible fungi leftovers, corn stigma are separately dried and crush to obtain corn ear powder, powder of edible fungus, corn stigma powder, Xiang Yu The water boiling that 10 times of its quality amounts are added in rice palpus powder obtains corn stigma liquid to the 1/2 of original volume；
C2, by cotton sawdust, corn ear powder, powder of edible fungus, chicken manure, corn stigma liquid be uniformly mixed be placed on 130 DEG C of sterilizing 50min Afterwards, adding water to water content is 55-60%, and EM bacterium is added and is uniformly mixed, and regulating and controlling temperature is 30-32 DEG C of fermentation 60h, obtains fermentation material, Urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride are added into fermentation material to be uniformly mixed.
3. reducing the implantation methods of cotton in seedling stage insect pest as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step 3 management is specific Are as follows: remove sick and weak residual seedling when the 1st true leaf expansion, when 2-3 piece true leaf is unfolded, every kind of plant hole is imposed after staying a cotton seedling Fertilizer carries out tillage and weeding, after in fruiting period and the best fruiting period carry out dressing fertilizer respectively, and cooperate tillage and weeding, wherein dressing fertilizer Preparation method is to be uniformly mixed the urea of mass ratio 8:5:0.5, phosphate fertilizer and neem leaf powder, the preparation side of neem leaf powder Method is concentrated and dried after being the water decoction 30min that 10 times of its gross mass amounts are added into neem leaf and crushes.
4. reducing the implantation methods of cotton in seedling stage insect pest as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the expansion of 2-3 piece true leaf When, retaining cotton spacing along every kind of plant hole, the circumferential of 3-4cm applies a viscose glue ring being closed from the ground.
5. reducing the implantation methods of cotton in seedling stage insect pest as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the charcoal in modified soil It is pre-processed, is pre-processed before mixing specifically: 10% HCl solution of 5 times of its gross mass amounts is added into tobacco, reflux mentions 20min is taken, is cooled to room temperature, 30% NaOH solution is added dropwise, steam distillation reaction is carried out, distillate is obtained, into distillate The charcoal of 0.5 times of tobacco gross mass amount is added, frying charcoal is dry after decoction.
6. reducing the implantation methods of cotton in seedling stage insect pest as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further include in modified soil Length is the bagasse of 0.2-0.5cm, and the mass ratio of bagasse and 300-400 mesh sand is 10:3.
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