CN108739160A - A method of it reducing environmental factor and rice selection and breeding is interfered - Google Patents
A method of it reducing environmental factor and rice selection and breeding is interfered Download PDFInfo
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- CN108739160A CN108739160A CN201810431820.4A CN201810431820A CN108739160A CN 108739160 A CN108739160 A CN 108739160A CN 201810431820 A CN201810431820 A CN 201810431820A CN 108739160 A CN108739160 A CN 108739160A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
- A01G24/42—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure of granular or aggregated structure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0293—Seed or shoot receptacles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0295—Units comprising two or more connected receptacles
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods that reduction environmental factor interferes rice selection and breeding, comprise the steps of：(1) rice seedling bed selection and fertilizing：Selection field face is smooth, irrigation and drainage are convenient and the rice seedling bed of fertile soil；(2) seed treatment：Fungicide is selected to carry out sterilization processing to rice paddy seed；(3) seedling plate is made：Seedling plate is made in site preparation；(4) it plants：Hole tray is selected, the first matrix of the one third not higher than disk hole depth is laid in hole tray disk hole bottom, then sprinkles fine earth to 2/3rds of disk hole depth, per bunch planting one rice paddy seed of kind；(5) it is laid with hole tray；(6) daily management：Growth of cereal crop seedlings condition is observed, seedling of filling a vacancy；(7) it transplants.The present invention passes through the unstabilized rice breed of seedling dish precision seeding, it is carried out at the same time fine field fertilizer and water management, ensure different single plant growing environments having the same, reduce interference of the environmental difference to rice selection and breeding, so that the phenotype of each single plant is given full expression to its genotype, improves the efficiency of rice breeding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to paddy seedling culture method, more particularly to a kind of method for reducing environmental factor and rice selection and breeding being interfered.
Background technology
The phenotype that traditional breeding depends on plant is selected, the environmental factors such as thickness of sowing, rich water difference
Difference can all influence later stage Phenotypic Selection efficiency, often much with superior genotypes rice single plants due to sowing early period
Close, fertility is uneven, and the trait expression in its later stage is caused to be not so good as common single plant, can not screen high-quality, high yield, mostly anti-kind,
And environmental factor is uncontrollable during rice breeding, and breeding poor repeatability, the phenotype of gained rice strain is caused deviation occur,
High-quality strain can not be obtained.Therefore a kind of influence reducing environmental factor to rice selection and breeding is searched out, improve rice Breeding Effect
Breeding method is current breeding problem in the urgent need to address.
Invention content
Goal of the invention：The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of method that reduction environmental factor interferes rice selection and breeding, solutions
The influence for condition of culture and the environmental factor during existing rice breeding of having determined.
Technical solution：A kind of method for reducing environmental factor and rice selection and breeding being interfered of the present invention, including following step
Suddenly：(1) rice seedling bed selection and fertilizing：Selection field face is smooth, irrigation and drainage are convenient and the rice seedling bed of fertile soil；(2) seed treatment：Selection is killed
Microbial inoculum carries out sterilization processing to rice paddy seed；(3) seedling plate is made：Seedling plate is made in site preparation so that seedling furrow width 20-25cm, seedling ditch depth
20-22cm, the length and width of seedling plate are within the scope of 1.4-1.5m；(4) it plants：Hole tray is selected, is laid with not in hole tray disk hole bottom
Higher than the first matrix of the one third of disk hole depth, fine earth is then sprinkled to 2/3rds of disk hole depth, per bunch planting kind one
Grain rice paddy seed；(5) it is laid with hole tray：Hole tray is laid on seedling plate, hole tray is gently pressed, so that hole tray bottom is close to seedling plate face, in disk hole
The second matrix of interior filling covers rice paddy seed, and one layer of lid grass of thin lid is used in combination water to squirt lid grass, then covers hole tray with film；(6)
Daily management：Growth of cereal crop seedlings condition is observed, hole, seedling of filling a vacancy are searched；(7) it transplants：The rice seedling crop field cultivated in hole tray is pinpointed
Transplanting, plants 5 cun × 6 cun of specification.
In step (4), first matrix is mass ratio 0.2:The rice seedling-growth soil regulator of 1-1.4 and the mixture of fine earth.
In step (5), it is 1-3 that second matrix, which is mass ratio,:1-3:Pig manure, chicken manure and the stalk of 2-6 is sent out through high temperature
The decomposed obtained mixture of ferment.
Preferably, the pH of second matrix is 5.5-6.5；The EC < 0.7mS/cm of second matrix.
In step (2), it according to mass ratio is 1 that the seed treatment, which is by 25% Prochloraz of fungicide and water,：2500-2000
Dilution, it according to mass ratio is 5 to take microbicide solution and rice paddy seed after dilution:3-4 is mixed, and soak seed 36-48h.
In step (4), the hole tray is 200 caves, and disk hole base diameter is 12mm, disk hole inlet diameter is 24mm, disk hole
Depth is 35mm.
In step (6), the rice shoot filled a vacancy selected by seedling is the tray seedling of same period sowing.The tray seedling of the same period can
It is reduced as far as the difference that the later stage fills the gaps with seedlings with other rice shoots.
In order to preferably improve the seedling of the present invention as a result, being screened respectively to the grain size of matrix, above-mentioned steps (4)
In, the grain size of first matrix is 0.5-0.8mm.In step (5), the grain size of second matrix is 0.7-0.9mm.
In order to increase the rate of plantation, cost of labor is reduced, in step (4), the sowing is selects electronics several automatic
Instrument is sowed.
Advantageous effect：Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantage that：(1) side that the present invention passes through hole plate seedling growth
Method is sowed, and the interval between every seed is all consistent, and thickness of sowing is uniform, reduces shadow of the thickness of sowing to the quality of seedlings
It rings, has prevented the influence that thickness of sowing grows man power single stem rice；(2) field-transplanting of the present invention is planted by fixed point, each single plant
Spacing in the rows, line-spacing are consistent, and Planting Densities are uniform, reduce influence of the Planting Densities to paddy growth, have prevented Planting Densities to single plant
The influence of paddy growth；(3) present invention selects rational matrix, the first matrix to be used cooperatively with the second matrix so that matrix is supported
Divide uniformly, reduces influence of the matrix to rice seedling quality；(4) present invention the second matrix pH value of stringent control and EC values, subtract
Few influence of the matrix factor to Rice Characters；(5) present invention ensure that fertility by advance mixing rice seedling-growth soil regulator with fine earth
It is evenly distributed, carries out accurate fertilizing, fully ensured that the uniform of rice seedling bed fertility；(6) grain size of the invention for accurately controlling matrix is big
It is small, avoid influence of the matrix grain size to rice seedling.
Specific implementation mode
One, rice seedling nursery early-stage preparations
1.1 prepare the rice seedling-growth soil regulator from the production of big plant and biology engineering development Co., Ltd of Heilongjiang Province；Prepare city
25% Prochloraz sold；It is female parent to select Huaihe River rice No. 5, and the F2 of cross combination of Xu rice No. 3 for male parent is for rice paddy seed；Preparation type
Number be PME-2 electronics automatic particle counter；Prepare hole tray：Specification is 200 caves, and disk hole base diameter is 12mm, disk hole entrance is straight
Diameter is 24mm, and disk hole depth is 35mm.
The preparation of 1.2 first matrix：Screen fine earth so that the grain size of fine earth 0.5-0.8mm in range, after screening
Fine earth is with rice seedling-growth soil regulator according to 5:1 mass ratio mixing, obtains the first matrix.
The preparation of 1.3 second matrix：It is 3 by mass ratio:1:6 pig manure, chicken manure and stalk, it is decomposed through hot fermentation, it obtains
The mixture arrived, sieving obtain the second matrix that grain size is 0.7-0.9mm.
1.4 take a small amount of 1.3 the second obtained matrix, detect pH value and conductivity EC values, pH value 6.2, EC values are
0.6mS/cm。
1.5 prepare the second matrix used in control group：K is added in the matrix that 1.3 are obtained2SO4Salinity is adjusted, and sulphur is added
Sour hydrogen sodium (NaHSO4) adjustment pH so that the pH of the second matrix is that 5.0, EC values are 0.9mS/cm.
Two, seedling cultivation of rice
Embodiment 1：Huai'an academy of agricultural sciences Wang Yuan scientific research and innovation base, selection one piece of field face is smooth, irrigation and drainage are convenient and soil
Fertile rice seedling bed；Rice seedling bed is divided into three seedling plates, to every piece of seedling plate site preparation so that seedling furrow width 25cm, seedling ditch depth 22cm, seedling plate
Long and width is in 1.5m；Sterilization processing is carried out to rice paddy seed：25% Prochloraz is with water according to mass ratio 1：2500 dilutions, take dilute
Microbicide solution after releasing is 5 according to mass ratio with rice paddy seed:4 mixing, soak seed 48h；It is laid with disk hole in hole tray disk hole bottom
The first matrix of/5th of depth, then sprinkle grain size be 0.5-0.7mm fine earth to 2/3rds of disk hole depth, and
Broom removes hole tray face soil, is killed per bunch planting one process of kind in hole tray with the electronics automatic particle counter of model PME-2
Rice paddy seed after microbial inoculum seed soaking, hole tray is laid on seedling plate, plank is used in combination gently to press hole tray, hole tray bottom is made to be close to seedling plate table
It is not be overlapped to accomplish that hole tray is close to hole tray when spreading disk for face, and hole tray face will be put down, then the second matrix obtained with 1.3 fills up hole tray disk
Hole, and broom removes the extra matrix in hole tray face, one layer of thin lid covers grass, and water is used in combination to squirt lid grass, is covered with film is flat, with brick etc.
Object pushes down film in seedling ditch and gently presses hole tray, and hole tray bottom is made to be close to seedling plate face, then carries out daily management：Growth of cereal crop seedlings condition is observed,
Hole is searched, discovery has when being short of seedling, and mends the tray seedling of same period sowing, after the completion of nursery, rice seedling that will be cultivated in hole tray
Crop field fixed point is transplanted, and the spacing between rice shoot is 5 cun × 6 cun, then carries out field management, observes paddy growth situation.
Comparative example 1：Second matrix selects 1.5 matrix prepared, remaining nursery and method of sowing are the same as embodiment 1.
Comparative example 2：Using existing seedling cultivation of rice technology to rice breeding, the selection in seedbed is the same as embodiment 1, the depth in seedbed
It ploughs, fertilizing, and applies and increase fertilizer by 2000-3000kg/ mus fully decomposed of organic fertilizer, should repeatedly be turned over after fertilising, a heatable brick bed
It shines, reaches loam and be uniformly mixed, 3-5d progress site preparation opens compartment to bed soil prior to seeding, and compartment, the wide 1.5m in compartment, compartment ditch aisle are opened by 2.0m
Wide 0.5m, the high 10-15cm in compartment face, compartment length are no more than 15m, hold seedbed surrounding gutter successfully, ditch depth 50cm, fine smooth compartment face,
Accomplish that compartment grading is thin, by (after planting making lid kind soil) spare after the bed soil taking-up sieve in aisle；Preceding fertilising is broadcast, is prevented
Subterranean pest-insect：Seedbed it is whole it is good after, by 15m2Seedbed adds 15% chlopyrifos granule with " platform irrigates board paddy drought seedling fertilizer " 1kg
100g is uniformly spread on compartment face after being sufficiently mixed with 10-20kg fine earths, then uniformly owed fertilizer into table soil 3- with rake or hoe
In 5cm soil layers, reach fertilizer and be sufficiently mixed with topsoil, struck off with plank, and suppress compartment face, makes bed soil slightly consolidation, then slowly
Watering has apparent ponding to compartment face, reaches 10cm or so soil layers and is in the abundant saturation state of moisture, after compartment area water is dry, you can
Sowing, mu kind amount are 25kg.
Three, rice transplanting is tested
The rice shoot that embodiment 1 is cultivated carries out field-transplanting, is transplanted to area equation, the identical field of soil moisture content respectively
The plantation spacing of block, rice shoot is respectively 5 cun × 6 cun, 5 cun × 5 cun and 6 cun × 6 cun, and it is flat that each plantation spacing sets up three groups of progress separately
Row carries out rice field Routine Management, investigates experimental result.
Four, result
4.1 seedling cultivation of rice results
Using the method for culturing seedlings of embodiment 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2,7 days emergence ratios investigate emergence after rice growing
Rate, reaches the strong sprout rate of 3 leaf, 1 heart investigation rice for 25 days after rice growing, and the growth of cereal crop seedlings of obtained rice seedling is shown in Table 1.
Influence of the different method for culturing seedlings of table 1 to rice seedling
| Different disposal | Emergence rate (%) | Strong sprout rate (%) |
| Embodiment 1 | 92.16 | 87.63 |
| Comparative example 1 | 89.34 | 82.75 |
| Comparative example 2 | 87.94 | 79.23 |
It can be seen from the result of table 1 present invention using hole tray cultivate rice plant, accurately controlled dose,
Classification is laid with matrix, and the rice seedling emergence rate cultivated and strong sprout rate are higher than the rice shoot that the prior art is cultivated；In order to further
The influence for reducing the other factors occurred in seedling raising process controls the salinity of the second matrix in < 0.7mS/cm, and pH is in 5.5-
In 6.5 ranges, emergence rate and strong sprout rate can be improved.
4.2 rice transplanting experimental results
Influence of the different Transplanting Densities of table 2 to nursery
| Rice shoot plants spacing | Effective fringe (ten thousand/mu) | Defined daily doses |
| 5 cun × 6 cun | 19.72 | 136.32 |
| 5 cun × 5 cun | 19.32 | 121.57 |
| 6 cun × 6 cun | 17.59 | 131.91 |
As can be seen from Table 2, an important factor for rice transplanting spacing is influence paddy growth and yield, and existing rice
Transplantation technique has ignored the selection to planting spacing, and the present invention uses plantation spacing for 5 cun × 6 cun, considerably improves every fringe
Bear fruit grains.Method through the invention can filter out the excellent rice strain of shape, reproducible.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method for reducing environmental factor and interfering rice selection and breeding, which is characterized in that comprise the steps of：
(1) rice seedling bed selection and fertilizing：Selection field face is smooth, irrigation and drainage are convenient and the rice seedling bed of fertile soil；
(2) seed treatment：Fungicide is selected to carry out sterilization processing to rice paddy seed；
(3) seedling plate is made：Seedling plate is made in site preparation so that seedling furrow width 20-25cm, seedling ditch depth 20-22cm, the length and width of seedling plate are equal
Within the scope of 1.4-1.5m；
(4) it plants：Hole tray is selected, is laid with the first matrix of the one third not higher than disk hole depth in hole tray disk hole bottom, so
Fine earth is sprinkled afterwards to 2/3rds of disk hole depth, per bunch planting one rice paddy seed of kind；
(5) it is laid with hole tray：Seedling disk is laid on seedling plate, hole tray is gently pressed, hole tray bottom is made to be close to seedling plate face, is inserted in disk hole
Two matrix cover rice paddy seed, and one layer of lid grass of thin lid is used in combination water to squirt lid grass, then covers hole tray with film；
(6) daily management：Growth of cereal crop seedlings condition is observed, hole, seedling of filling a vacancy are searched；
(7) it transplants：The rice seedling crop field cultivated in hole tray is pinpointed and is transplanted, 5 cun × 6 cun of specification is planted.
2. the method according to claim 1 for reducing environmental factor and interfering rice selection and breeding, it is characterised in that step (4)
In, first matrix is mass ratio 0.2:The rice seedling-growth soil regulator of 1-1.4 and the mixture of fine earth.
3. the method according to claim 1 for reducing environmental factor and interfering rice selection and breeding, it is characterised in that step (5)
In, it is 1-3 that second matrix, which is mass ratio,:1-3:Pig manure, chicken manure and the stalk of 2-6 is through the decomposed obtained mixing of hot fermentation
Object.
4. the method according to claim 3 for reducing environmental factor and interfering rice selection and breeding, which is characterized in that described second
The pH of matrix is 5.5-6.5；The EC < 0.7mS/cm of second matrix.
5. the method according to claim 1 for reducing environmental factor and interfering rice selection and breeding, it is characterised in that step (2)
In, it according to mass ratio is 1 that the seed treatment, which is by 25% Prochloraz of fungicide and water,：2500-2000 dilutes, after taking dilution
Microbicide solution is 5 according to mass ratio with rice paddy seed:3-4 is mixed, and soak seed 36-48h.
6. the method according to claim 1 for reducing environmental factor and interfering rice selection and breeding, it is characterised in that step (4)
In, the hole tray is 200 caves, and disk hole base diameter is 12mm, disk hole inlet diameter is 24mm, and disk hole depth is 35mm.
7. the method according to claim 1 for reducing environmental factor and interfering rice selection and breeding, it is characterised in that step (6)
In, the rice shoot filled a vacancy selected by seedling is the tray seedling of same period sowing.
8. the method according to claim 1 for reducing environmental factor and interfering rice selection and breeding, it is characterised in that step (4)
In, the grain size of first matrix is 0.5-0.8mm.
9. the method according to claim 1 for reducing environmental factor and interfering rice selection and breeding, it is characterised in that step (5)
In, the grain size of second matrix is 0.7-0.9mm.
10. the method according to claim 1 for reducing environmental factor and interfering rice selection and breeding, it is characterised in that step (4)
In, the sowing is sowed for selection electronics automatic particle counter.
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| CN201810431820.4A CN108739160A (en) | 2018-05-08 | 2018-05-08 | A method of it reducing environmental factor and rice selection and breeding is interfered |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20130065892A (en) * | 2011-12-12 | 2013-06-20 | 최무식 | Mulch method seedling for rice |
| CN103975809A (en) * | 2014-05-08 | 2014-08-13 | 郯城县种子公司 | Method for breeding rice three-nursery breeder seeds by raising rice seedlings on seeding tray |
| CN104982276A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-10-21 | 郯城县种子公司 | Method for simulating mechanized rice transplanting plot experiment by pot rice seedling hole planting |
| CN105493950A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-04-20 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院水稻研究所 | Method for raising seedlings of mechanical transplanting rice and application thereof |
| CN107593427A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-01-19 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | A kind of selection of the rice with high anti-, steady blast resisting performance |
-
2018
- 2018-05-08 CN CN201810431820.4A patent/CN108739160A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20130065892A (en) * | 2011-12-12 | 2013-06-20 | 최무식 | Mulch method seedling for rice |
| CN103975809A (en) * | 2014-05-08 | 2014-08-13 | 郯城县种子公司 | Method for breeding rice three-nursery breeder seeds by raising rice seedlings on seeding tray |
| CN104982276A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-10-21 | 郯城县种子公司 | Method for simulating mechanized rice transplanting plot experiment by pot rice seedling hole planting |
| CN105493950A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-04-20 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院水稻研究所 | Method for raising seedlings of mechanical transplanting rice and application thereof |
| CN107593427A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-01-19 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | A kind of selection of the rice with high anti-, steady blast resisting performance |
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